What the fuck are passkeys and why are they everywhere now?

It seems like every time you login to a website nowadays, it asks you to create a passkey. If you’re like me, you initially assumed this was some sort of scam. But now that it’s everywhere, you’re beginning to wonder what it’s all about and why every website is pushing it constantly.

This talk will cover the basics of what a passkey is, how they came to be, and what you should do about them now that they’re here.

1. What the fuck are passkeys and why are they everywhere now https://www. fl ickr.com/photos/xrrr/3892883749 Dan Lew @ Minnebar20
4. 🤷
8. it’s authentication
11. Password Woes
12. Password Woes 🔓 Weak passwords
13. Password Woes ♻ Password reuse 🔓 Weak passwords
14. Password Woes ♻ Password reuse Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords
15. Password Woes ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords
16. W3C + FIDO
18. Proposal 2013
19. Proposal 2013 2019 Level 1 Standard
20. Proposal 2013 2019 Level 1 Standard Level 2 Standard 2021
21. Proposal 2013 Apple Passkeys 2022 2019 Level 1 Standard Level 2 Standard 2021
22. Proposal 2013 2026? Level 3 Standard Apple Passkeys 2022 2019 Level 1 Standard Level 2 Standard 2021
23. Passkey
24. Passkey WebAuthn
 Credential
25. Passkey WebAuthn
 Credential 🔑 🚫 Passwordless
26. Passkey WebAuthn
 Credential 🔑 🚫 Passwordless 👤 🚫 Usernameless
33. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩
34. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Trinity, help!
35. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Trinity, help! Trinity, help!
36. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Cypher 👨🦲 Trinity, help!
37. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Cypher 👨🦲 Trinity, help! No problems here!
38. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Cypher 👨🦲 Trinity, help! No problems here! No problems here!
39. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩
40. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key
41. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Neo’s public key
42. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Neo’s public key
43. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Neo’s public key
44. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Trinity, help! Neo’s public key
45. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Trinity, help! Neo’s public key Sign
46. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Trinity, help! Trinity, Help! BE459576 786039E8 Neo’s public key Sign
47. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Trinity, help! Trinity, Help! BE459576 786039E8 Neo’s public key Verify Sign
48. Neo 🧑 Trinity 👩 Neo’s private key Trinity, help! Trinity, Help! BE459576 786039E8 Trinity, help! Neo’s public key Verify Sign
49. Trinity 👩 Trinity, help! Trinity, Help! BE459576 786039E8 Trinity, help! Verify Sign You 🫵 Your private key Your public key
50. Trinity, help! Trinity, Help! BE459576 786039E8 Trinity, help! Verify Sign You 🫵 Your private key Your public key Server 🌐
51. Verify Sign You 🫵 Your private key Your public key Server 🌐 It’s me! It’s me! BE459576 786039E8 It’s me!
53. ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords
54. ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords 🔐 Strong passkeys
55. ♻ Password reuse 🔓 Weak passwords 🔐 Strong passkeys ❄ Unique passkeys Data breaches 🚨 🎣 Phishing
56. ♻ Password reuse Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords 🔐 Strong passkeys ❄ Unique passkeys 🥱 Breach safe 🎣 Phishing
57. ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords 🔐 Strong passkeys ❄ Unique passkeys 🥱 Breach safe 🪝 Domain locked
58. 🫆 All you need
59. 🔑 🚫 Passwordless 🫆 All you need
60. 🔑 🚫 Passwordless 👤 🚫 Usernameless 🫆 All you need
61. 🔑 🚫 Passwordless 👤 🚫 Usernameless 💬 🚫 2FA-less 🫆 All you need
62. Something you know 💭
63. Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁
64. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁
65. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁 Password
66. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁 Password SMS Fingerprint
67. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁
68. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁 Passkey
69. Something you are 🫆 Something you know 💭 Something you have 🎁 Passkey PIN Fingerprint
72. Problem #1 Passkeys are confusing
74. Trivia Time! True or false…
75. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication
76. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication FALSE
77. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) FALSE
78. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) FALSE FALSE
79. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa FALSE FALSE
80. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa FALSE FALSE TRUE
81. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts FALSE FALSE TRUE
82. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
83. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts • You need the device that created the passkey to use it FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE
84. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts • You need the device that created the passkey to use it FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE IT DEPENDS
85. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts • You need the device that created the passkey to use it • You’re locked into a vendor’s credential manager (Apple, Google, etc.) FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE IT DEPENDS
86. Trivia Time! True or false… • Your biometrics are sent to servers during passkey authentication • Passkeys are 2FA (like SMS or TOTP) • You can use an iOS passkey on an Android phone or vice versa • Losing your phone means losing access to passkey accounts • You need the device that created the passkey to use it • You’re locked into a vendor’s credential manager (Apple, Google, etc.) FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE IT DEPENDS FALSE
87. Sources of Confusion
88. Sources of Confusion Complex 🤯
89. Sources of Confusion Inconsistent 🎭 Complex 🤯
90. Human password demo
91. Human passkey demo
92. Passkeys != fancy passwords
93. Inconsistencies
94. Inconsistencies
95. Inconsistencies
96. Inconsistencies
97. Inconsistencies
98. Vendor Fight
99. Vendor Fight
100. Vendor Fight
101. Vendor Fight
102. “Usernameless”?
103. “Passwordless”?
104. Inconsistencies
105. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱
106. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱 Operating
 system ⚙
107. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱 Operating
 system ⚙ Browser 🌎
108. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱 Operating
 system ⚙ Browser 🌎 Credential
 manager 🗄
109. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱 Operating
 system ⚙ Browser 🌎 Credential
 manager 🗄 Personal vs.
 work account 🏢
110. Inconsistencies Website or
 app 📱 Operating
 system ⚙ Browser 🌎 Credential
 manager 🗄 Personal vs.
 work account 🏢 Software vs.
 hardware authenticator 🗝
112. Passwords are simple
113. Passwords are simple Passkeys are confusing
114. Mike Pound, Computerphile “People are not famously that interested in taking in things they don't understand”
115. Problem #2 Passkey technical issues
120. Horror Stories
121. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝
122. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝ One passkey
 *ever* 🖕
123. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝ One passkey
 *ever* 🖕 Links passkey
 to cookie 🍪
124. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝ One passkey
 *ever* 🖕 Links passkey
 to cookie 🍪 Can’t initiate
 passkey fl ow 🛑
125. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝ One passkey
 *ever* 🖕 Links passkey
 to cookie 🍪 Can’t initiate
 passkey fl ow 🛑 Can’t fi nd
 passkey ❓
126. Horror Stories One passkey
 at a time ☝ One passkey
 *ever* 🖕 Links passkey
 to cookie 🍪 Can’t initiate
 passkey fl ow 🛑 Can’t fi nd
 passkey ❓ Just plain
 broken! ☹
128. Credential Manager Failures
129. Credential Manager Failures Passkey
 wipeouts
130. Credential Manager Failures Passkey
 wipeouts Device passkeys
 stop working
131. Problem #3 Passwords are still here
137. ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords 🔐 Strong passkeys ❄ Unique passkeys 🥱 Breach safe 🪝 Domain locked
138. ♻ Password reuse 🎣 Phishing Data breaches 🚨 🔓 Weak passwords
139. Passwords
140. Passwords Passwords Passkeys +
141. Passwords Passwords Passkeys + Passkeys
143. Passkey hopes & dreams…
144. Passkey hopes & dreams… 🤝 Understood
 and trusted
145. Passkey hopes & dreams… 🤝 Understood
 and trusted ⚖ Stable and
 consistent
146. Passkey hopes & dreams… 🤝 Understood
 and trusted ⚖ Stable and
 consistent 💎 Rough edges
 polished
148. Thanks! danlew.net More info & slides