a tion mech a nism for exch a nging d a t a between two systems. • - How: Utilizes TCP/UDP protocols for reli a ble/unreli a ble d a t a tr a nsfer. • - Use C a se: Direct communic a tion between client-server a pplic a tions (e.g., f ile tr a nsfer a nd ch a t). WebSockets • - Wh a t: Full-duplex communic a tion protocol over a single TCP connection. • - How: En a bles persistent, bidirection a l communic a tion between client a nd server in re a l- time. • - Use C a se: Re a l-time a pplic a tions like live ch a ts, g a ming, a nd stock tr a ding pl a tforms. MQTT (Mess a ge Queuing Telemetry Tr a nsport) • Wh a t: Lightweight mess a ging protocol designed for low-b a ndwidth, high-l a tency networks. • How: Uses a publish-subscribe p a ttern for e ff icient communic a tion between devices. • Use C a se: Ide a l for IoT a pplic a tions, sm a rt home devices, a nd sensor networks. 5
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