Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
ATL JS: Dive into RxJS Observables
Search
Jeremy Fairbank
November 27, 2017
Programming
310
2
Share
ATL JS: Dive into RxJS Observables
Jeremy Fairbank
November 27, 2017
More Decks by Jeremy Fairbank
See All by Jeremy Fairbank
Connect.Tech 2020: Advanced Cypress Testing
jfairbank
1
250
CodeMash 2020: Solving the Boolean Identity Crisis
jfairbank
1
190
CodeMash 2020: Practical Functional Programming
jfairbank
1
350
Connect.Tech 2019: Practical Functional Programming
jfairbank
0
410
Connect.Tech 2019: Solving the Boolean Identity Crisis
jfairbank
0
210
Lambda Squared 2019: Solving the Boolean Identity Crisis
jfairbank
0
170
All Things Open 2018: Practical Functional Programming
jfairbank
2
280
Connect.Tech 2018: Effective React Testing
jfairbank
1
200
Fluent Conf 2018: Building web apps with Elm Tutorial
jfairbank
2
920
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
Spec Driven Development | AI Summit Vilnius
danielsogl
PRO
1
110
アーキテクチャモダナイゼーションとは何か
nwiizo
19
5.3k
Claude Codeをカスタムして自分だけのClaude Codeを作ろう
terisuke
0
140
Agentic Elixir
whatyouhide
0
370
ハーネスエンジニアリングとは?
kinopeee
11
5.8k
検索設計から 推論設計への重心移動と Recall-First Retrieval
po3rin
2
750
iOS機能開発のAI環境と起きた変化
ryunakayama
0
190
クラウドネイティブなエンジニアに向ける Raycastの魅力と実際の活用事例
nealle
2
210
의존성 주입과 모듈화
fornewid
0
150
ルールルルルルRubyの中身の予備知識 ── RubyKaigiの前に予習しなイカ?
ydah
1
190
forteeの改修から振り返るPHPerKaigi 2026
muno92
PRO
3
290
The Monolith Strikes Back: Why AI Agents ❤️ Rails Monoliths
serradura
0
340
Featured
See All Featured
Exploring the relationship between traditional SERPs and Gen AI search
raygrieselhuber
PRO
2
3.8k
Designing Powerful Visuals for Engaging Learning
tmiket
1
350
Avoiding the “Bad Training, Faster” Trap in the Age of AI
tmiket
0
130
Jess Joyce - The Pitfalls of Following Frameworks
techseoconnect
PRO
1
140
Large-scale JavaScript Application Architecture
addyosmani
515
110k
Impact Scores and Hybrid Strategies: The future of link building
tamaranovitovic
0
260
A Tale of Four Properties
chriscoyier
163
24k
Stop Working from a Prison Cell
hatefulcrawdad
274
21k
How to Grow Your eCommerce with AI & Automation
katarinadahlin
PRO
1
170
Pawsitive SEO: Lessons from My Dog (and Many Mistakes) on Thriving as a Consultant in the Age of AI
davidcarrasco
0
120
The untapped power of vector embeddings
frankvandijk
2
1.7k
The World Runs on Bad Software
bkeepers
PRO
72
12k
Transcript
Dive into RxJS Jeremy Fairbank @elpapapollo / jfairbank Observables
Software is broken. We are here to fix it. Say
[email protected]
Async
Async API Callback
Callback fetchUserById(1, function(err, user) { if (err) { console.error('Could not
retrieve user'); } else { console.log(user); } });
}); }); }); }); }); }); Callback Callback Callback Callback
Callback Callback
function fetchCustomerNameForOrder(orderId, done, fail) { fetchOrder(orderId, function(err, order) { if
(err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { fetchCustomer( order.customerId, function(err, customer) { if (err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { done(customer.name); } } ); } }); }
function fetchCustomerNameForOrder(orderId, done, fail) { fetchOrder(orderId, function(err, order) { if
(err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { fetchCustomer( order.customerId, function(err, customer) { if (err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { done(customer.name); } } ); } }); }
function fetchCustomerNameForOrder(orderId, done, fail) { fetchOrder(orderId, function(err, order) { if
(err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { fetchCustomer( order.customerId, function(err, customer) { if (err) { logError(err); fail(err); } else { done(customer.name); } } ); } }); }
Async API ?
Promise function fetchCustomerNameForOrder(orderId) { return fetchOrder(orderId) .then(order => fetchCustomer(order.customerId)) .then(customer
=> customer.name); }
.then(...) .then(...) .then(...) .then(...) .then(...) .then(...) .then(...) .then(...)
Error Error Error Error
function fetchCustomerNameForOrder(orderId) { return fetchOrder(orderId) .then(order => fetchCustomer(order.customerId)) .then(customer =>
customer.name) .catch(err => { logError(err); throw err; }); }
Getting there…
• More readable and maintainable async code • Better error
handling • More declarative and versatile syntax • Capable of handling events, streams, and HTTP
RxJS Observables
Arrays [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ] Sequences in
space
Observables Sequences in time 1 2 3 4 5
Reactive
Reactive 3
import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; const source = Observable.of(1,
2, 3); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 // 2 // 3
import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; const source = Observable.of(1,
2, 3); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 // 2 // 3
import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; const source = Observable.of(1,
2, 3); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 // 2 // 3
import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; const source = Observable.of(1,
2, 3); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 // 2 // 3
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 1
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 1
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 3
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); console.log subscribe 3
Declarative Transformation Operate on events
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => n * 2) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => n * 2) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 1
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 1
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 2
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 4
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 4
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 3
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 3
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) console.log n * 2 map subscribe 6
Lazy Transformation Do only as much work as needed
Observable.range(1, 100) .map(n => n * 2) .filter(n => n
> 4) .take(2) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 6 // 8
Observable.range(1, 100) .map(n => n * 2) .filter(n => n
> 4) .take(2) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 6 // 8
Observable.range(1, 100) .map(n => n * 2) .filter(n => n
> 4) .take(2) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 6 // 8
Observable.range(1, 100) .map(n => n * 2) .filter(n => n
> 4) .take(2) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 6 // 8
Observable.range(1, 100) .map(n => n * 2) .filter(n => n
> 4) .take(2) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 6 // 8
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 1
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 1
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 2
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 2
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 2
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take ×
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 2
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 2
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 4
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take 4
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take 4 ×
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 3
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 3
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 6
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take 6
✓ console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 2 take 6
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 2 take 6
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 1 take 6
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 1 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 4
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 1 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 4
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 1 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 8
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 1 take
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 1 take 8
✓ console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4
Observable.range(1, 100) filter 1 take 8
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 1 take 8
console.log n * 2 map subscribe n > 4 Observable.range(1,
100) filter 0 take 8
DOM Events
let counter = 0; function updateCounter(n) { counter += n;
counterEl.innerHTML = counter; } incrementBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { updateCounter(1); }); decrementBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { updateCounter(-1); });
let counter = 0; function updateCounter(n) { counter += n;
counterEl.innerHTML = counter; } incrementBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { updateCounter(1); }); decrementBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { updateCounter(-1); });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click') .mapTo(1) .scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0)
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) Accumulated counter value
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) Current event value
(1)
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) Return new accumulated
counter value
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) Initial counter value
counterEl.innerHTML = counter acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0
scan
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe e scan 0 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe e scan acc + curr 0 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan acc + curr 0 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 1 acc + curr 0 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 1 acc + curr 1 Counter
value counterEl.innerHTML = counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 1 acc + curr 1 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe scan 1 counterEl.innerHTML =
counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe e scan 1 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe e scan acc + curr 1 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan acc + curr 1 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 1 acc + curr 1 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 2 acc + curr 2 Counter
value counterEl.innerHTML = counter
1 mapTo subscribe scan 2 acc + curr 2 counterEl.innerHTML
= counter
const source = Observable.merge( Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(1), Observable.fromEvent(decrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(-1), ); source
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) .subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
const source = Observable.merge( Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(1), Observable.fromEvent(decrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(-1), ); source
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) .subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
const source = Observable.merge( Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(1), Observable.fromEvent(decrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(-1), ); source
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) .subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
const source = Observable.merge( Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(1), Observable.fromEvent(decrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(-1), ); source
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) .subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
const source = Observable.merge( Observable.fromEvent(incrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(1), Observable.fromEvent(decrementBtn, 'click').mapTo(-1), ); source
.scan((acc, curr) => acc + curr, 0) .subscribe((counter) => { counterEl.innerHTML = counter; });
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement e counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement e counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement e counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement e counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement -1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 1 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement -1 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 0 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
acc + curr 1 mapTo subscribe 0 scan -1 mapTo
Increment Decrement 0 counterEl.innerHTML = counter
Async HTTP
Promise fetchOrders() .then((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => { console.log(order); });
});
Promise fetchOrders() .then((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => { console.log(order); });
});
Observable fetchOrders() .subscribe((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => { console.log(order); });
});
Why Observables?
Promise fetchOrders() .then(orders => orders.filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker'
)) .then(orders => orders.map(order => order.id)) .then((orderIds) => { orderIds.forEach(id => console.log(id)); });
Promise fetchOrders() .then(orders => orders.filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker'
)) .then(orders => orders.map(order => order.id)) .then((orderIds) => { orderIds.forEach(id => console.log(id)); });
Promise fetchOrders() .then(orders => orders.filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker'
)) .then(orders => orders.map(order => order.id)) .then((orderIds) => { orderIds.forEach(id => console.log(id)); });
Promise fetchOrders() .then(orders => orders.filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker'
)) .then(orders => orders.map(order => order.id)) .then((orderIds) => { orderIds.forEach(id => console.log(id)); });
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Observable
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Observable
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Observable
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Observable
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Observable
Cancellation
const promise = fetchOrders() .then((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => {
console.log(order); }); }); promise.cancel(); Promise
const promise = fetchOrders() .then((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => {
console.log(order); }); }); promise.cancel(); Promise
const promise = fetchOrders() .then((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => {
console.log(order); }); }); promise.cancel(); Promise ×
const subscription = fetchOrders() .subscribe((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => {
console.log(order); }); }); subscription.unsubscribe(); Observable
const subscription = fetchOrders() .subscribe((orders) => { orders.forEach((order) => {
console.log(order); }); }); subscription.unsubscribe(); Observable Cancel request
Lazy Subscriptions
const p1 = fetchOrders(); const p2 = fetchOrders(); const p3
= fetchOrders(); Promises
const p1 = fetchOrders(); const p2 = fetchOrders(); const p3
= fetchOrders(); Promises Immediate
Observables const o1 = fetchOrders(); const o2 = fetchOrders(); const
o3 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o2.subscribe(); o3.subscribe();
Observables Lazy const o1 = fetchOrders(); const o2 = fetchOrders();
const o3 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o2.subscribe(); o3.subscribe();
Observables Lazy const o1 = fetchOrders(); const o2 = fetchOrders();
const o3 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o2.subscribe(); o3.subscribe(); Issue Request
const o1 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe();
const o1 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe(); Pure, shareable value
const o1 = fetchOrders(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe(); o1.subscribe(); Issue new request
with same observable Pure, shareable value
Create HTTP Requests
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.ajax.get('/orders'); } Built-in AJAX
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.ajax.get('/orders'); } Built-in AJAX
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Custom Observable Creation ?
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x));
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Subscriber (or Observer)
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), }); Subscriber
Object
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: ()
=> console.log('Done!'), }); // 1 // 2 // 3 // Done!
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } fetchOrders().subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), });
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } fetchOrders().subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), });
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } fetchOrders().subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), });
Error Handling
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), error: e => console.error(e), }); // 1 // Error: Uh oh
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), error: e => console.error(e), }); // 1 // Error: Uh oh
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), error: e => console.error(e), }); // 1 // Error: Uh oh
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); No error handler, so what happens?
Error Error Error Error Promises
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); No swallowed errors!
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), error: e => console.error(e), }); // 1 // Error: Uh oh
const source = Observable.create((subscriber) => { subscriber.next(1); subscriber.error(new Error('Uh oh'));
subscriber.next(2); }); source.subscribe({ next: x => console.log(x), complete: () => console.log('Done!'), error: e => console.error(e), }); // 1 // Error: Uh oh Never called
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return Observable.of([]); }) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); Catching
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return Observable.of([]); }) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); Catching
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return Observable.of([]); }) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); Catching
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return Observable.of([]); }) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); Catching
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([])
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) ✓
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) ✓
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) []
console.log catch subscribe fetchOrders() Observable.of([]) []
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return legacyFetchOrders() .catch((e2) => {
logError(e2); return Observable.of([]); }) }) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Or delegate to legacy API…
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return legacyFetchOrders() .catch((e2) => {
logError(e2); return Observable.of([]); }) }) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Or delegate to legacy API…
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return legacyFetchOrders() .catch((e2) => {
logError(e2); return Observable.of([]); }) }) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Or delegate to legacy API…
fetchOrders() .catch((e) => { logError(e); return legacyFetchOrders() .catch((e2) => {
logError(e2); return Observable.of([]); }) }) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Or delegate to legacy API…
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([])
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ✓
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ✓
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([])
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) × ✓
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) × ✓
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([])
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) × ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) × ×
console.log catch subscribe legacyFetchOrders() fetchOrders() catch Observable.of([]) × × []
Hot Cold vs.
Observable creates the source. Cold
Best for one-off unique requests. Cold
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); }
function fetchOrders() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { fetchOrdersFromDb((orders) => {
subscriber.next(orders); subscriber.complete(); }); }); } Resource requested/created at subscription time
WebSockets
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); }
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); }
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); }
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); }
const stream = ordersStream(); stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
subscriber .next(data) WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Subscriber
subscriber .next(data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Subscriber
subscriber .next(data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Subscriber
subscriber .next(data) ... WebSocket Subscriber console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
subscriber .next(data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); Subscriber
None
.subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
.subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...) .subscribe(...)
Hot Observable closes over the source.
Hot Best for multicasting and sharing resources.
const url = 'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); function
ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); }
const url = 'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); function
ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); } Resource created outside subscription
const url = 'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); function
ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }); } Close over existing resource when subscribing
const stream = ordersStream(); const sub1 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
const sub2 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
Shared stream of data const stream = ordersStream(); const sub1
= stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); const sub2 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
subscriber .next(event.data) WebSocket Subscriber console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x))
subscriber .next(event.data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)) Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)) Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)) Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) ... WebSocket console.log stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)) Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) WebSocket Subscriber console.log New Subscriber console.log stream.subscribe(...) stream.subscribe(...)
subscriber .next(event.data) WebSocket console.log ... console.log stream.subscribe(...) stream.subscribe(...) Subscriber New
Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) WebSocket console.log ... console.log stream.subscribe(...) stream.subscribe(...) Subscriber New
Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) WebSocket console.log ... console.log ... stream.subscribe(...) stream.subscribe(...) Subscriber
New Subscriber
subscriber .next(event.data) ... WebSocket console.log ... console.log stream.subscribe(...) stream.subscribe(...) Subscriber
New Subscriber
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }) .share(); } Share It
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }) .share(); } Share It
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); }) .share(); } Share It
const stream = ordersStream(); const sub1 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
const sub2 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
Shared stream of data too const stream = ordersStream(); const
sub1 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); const sub2 = stream.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
Clean Up
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); return () => { socket.close(); }; }) .share(); }
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); return () => { socket.close(); }; }) .share(); } Called when all subscriptions unsubscribe
function ordersStream() { return Observable.create((subscriber) => { const url =
'ws://example.com/orders'; const socket = new WebSocket(url); socket.addEventListener('message', (data) => { subscriber.next(data); }); return () => { socket.close(); }; }) .share(); } Close socket, deallocate resources, etc.
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); Recall
fetchOrders() .mergeAll() .filter( order => order.customerName === 'Tucker' ) .map(order
=> order.id) .subscribe(id => console.log(id)); ? Recall
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ 1, 2,
3 ]
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ 1, 2,
3 ]
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ 1, 2,
3 ]
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .mergeAll() .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 //
2 // 3
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .mergeAll() .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 //
2 // 3 Flatten
Observable.of([1, 2, 3]) .mergeAll() .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // 1 //
2 // 3
subscribe mergeAll console.log [1, 2, 3]
subscribe mergeAll console.log [1, 2, 3]
subscribe mergeAll console.log [2, 3] 1
subscribe mergeAll console.log [2, 3] 1
subscribe mergeAll console.log [3] 2
subscribe mergeAll console.log [3] 2
subscribe mergeAll console.log 3
subscribe mergeAll console.log 3
Higher Order Observables
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => n * 2) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => n * 2) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6 Delay?
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // ScalarObservable { value: 2 } // ScalarObservable { value: 4 } // ScalarObservable { value: 6 }
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // ScalarObservable { value: 2 } // ScalarObservable { value: 4 } // ScalarObservable { value: 6 }
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // ScalarObservable { value: 2 } // ScalarObservable { value: 4 } // ScalarObservable { value: 6 }
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .mergeAll() .subscribe(x
=> console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .map(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .mergeAll() .subscribe(x
=> console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => Observable.of(n * 2)) .subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // 2 // 4 // 6
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2)
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) Observable.of(2) subscribe 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) Observable.of(2) subscribe 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) Observable.of(2) subscribe 2
Observable.of(1) .delay(1000) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)) // <tick> // 1
Observable.of(1) .delay(1000) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)) // <tick> // 1
Observable.of(1) .delay(1000) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)) // <tick> // 1
Observable.of(1) .delay(1000) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)) // <tick> // 1
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ))
.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ))
.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ))
.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // 4 // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ))
.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // 4 // 6 ?
Concurrency
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2)
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 4
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 3 2 4
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 3 2 4
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 4 6
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 4 6
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 4 6 2
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 6 4
subscribe mergeMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ),
1) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ),
1) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ),
1) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ),
1) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .mergeMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ),
1) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .concatMap(n => ( Observable.of(n * 2).delay(1000) ))
.subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // <tick> // 2 // <tick> // 4 // <tick> // 6
subscribe concatMap console.log Observable.of(n * 2)
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 1 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 2 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 4 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 4 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 4 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 3 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 3 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 6 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 6 concatMap
subscribe console.log Observable.of(n * 2) 6 concatMap
Rate Limiting
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .concatMap((id) => { const url = `/orders/${id}`;
return Observable.ajax.get(url) .delay(1000); }) .pluck('response') .bufferCount(3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .concatMap((id) => { const url = `/orders/${id}`;
return Observable.ajax.get(url) .delay(1000); }) .pluck('response') .bufferCount(3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .concatMap((id) => { const url = `/orders/${id}`;
return Observable.ajax.get(url) .delay(1000); }) .pluck('response') .bufferCount(3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
Observable.of(1, 2, 3) .concatMap((id) => { const url = `/orders/${id}`;
return Observable.ajax.get(url) .delay(1000); }) .pluck('response') .bufferCount(3) .subscribe(x => console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3 concatMap
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
1
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
R Rate limit next request
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
R
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
R
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 3
O1
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 2
O1
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 2
O1 +
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 1
O1 O2
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 1
O1 O2 +
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log pluck bufferCount 'response' 0
O1 O2 O3
Observable .ajax .get(url) subscribe concatMap console.log […] pluck bufferCount 'response'
0
Sequential vs. Parallel
const promise = Promise.all([ fetchOrder(1), fetchOrder(2), fetchOrder(3), ]); promise.then(x =>
console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
const promise = Promise.all([ fetchOrder(1), fetchOrder(2), fetchOrder(3), ]); promise.then(x =>
console.log(x)); // [ { id: '1', name: 'Order 1' }, // { id: '2', name: 'Order 2' }, // { id: '3', name: 'Order 3' } ]
const source = Observable.forkJoin( fetchOrder(1), fetchOrder(2), fetchOrder(3) ); source.subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // [ { response: { id: 1, name: 'Order 1' } }, // { response: { id: 2, name: 'Order 2' } }, // { response: { id: 3, name: 'Order 3' } } ]
const source = Observable.forkJoin( fetchOrder(1), fetchOrder(2), fetchOrder(3) ); source.subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // [ { response: { id: 1, name: 'Order 1' } }, // { response: { id: 2, name: 'Order 2' } }, // { response: { id: 3, name: 'Order 3' } } ]
const source = Observable.forkJoin( fetchOrder(1), fetchOrder(2), fetchOrder(3) ); source.subscribe(x =>
console.log(x)); // [ { response: { id: 1, name: 'Order 1' } }, // { response: { id: 2, name: 'Order 2' } }, // { response: { id: 3, name: 'Order 3' } } ] Observable or Promise
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin subscribe console.log
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin subscribe console.log R1
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin R1 subscribe console.log
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin R1 subscribe console.log R3
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin R1 R3 subscribe console.log
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin R1 R3 subscribe console.log R2
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin R1 R2 R3 subscribe console.log
fetchOrder(1) fetchOrder(2) fetchOrder(3) forkJoin subscribe console.log R1 R2 R3
Tip of the iceberg
• Declarative, lazy operations • Expressive event management • No
more error swallowing • Rate limiting and concurrent processing
• Declarative, lazy operations • Expressive event management • No
more error swallowing • Rate limiting and concurrent processing ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
github.com/ReactiveX/rxjs reactivex.io/rxjs RxJS
Observables ECMAScript Proposal: github.com/tc39/proposal-observable Another spec implementation: github.com/zenparsing/zen-observable
Thanks! Jeremy Fairbank @elpapapollo / jfairbank Slides: bit.ly/rxjs-atl-js