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Infrastructure code needs testing too

Martin Smith
November 18, 2014
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Infrastructure code needs testing too

Martin Smith

November 18, 2014
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  1. - Configuration management has been around for a while. -

    Your infrastructure as an application. - Automation, the killer app. A true app. - Version environments, speed up cycles. - Turn the focus back to the business. What is infrastructure as code?
  2. - Bugs in (your) code are certain* - Automated does

    not mean tested - Business value of your ‘app’ - Tests are outcome focused* - Investment in quality - CI/CD, continuous testing or monitoring - CD is the new economy; customer service Why should you test infrastructure?
  3. - Behavior driven development - Unit testing - Integration testing

    - Continuous all the things - Everyone loves DSLs - Focus on ruby tools, but extensible - API driven; how long is the build broken? Types of testing; tonight’s talk
  4. - Dynamic type system, automatic memory, multiple programming paradigms (Imp,

    OO, Func, Dynamic) - Conceived 1994, released 1995, English in 1998/99, more popular than Python in Japan by 2000 - Bundler, Gemfile - rbenv, rvm, chruby - DSL friendly Ruby, toolchain overview
  5. - Unit testing (speed, isolation) - Rspec, minitest, test-unit -

    Rspec with extensions for chef and puppet Does the app’s ‘code’ do what I expect? Do template contents look correct? What do we mean by testing?
  6. #Testing for our User class describe User do context 'with

    admin privileges' do before :each do @admin = Admin.get(1) end it 'should exist' do expect(@admin).not_to be_nil end it 'should have a name' do expect(@admin.name).not_to be_false end end #... end Unit testing with rspec
  7. require 'chefspec' describe 'example::default' do let(:chef_run) { ChefSpec::SoloRunner.converge(described_recipe) } it

    'installs foo' do expect(chef_run).to install_package('foo') end end Unit testing with chefspec - Completely compatible with most chef tools - Stub other node data and environment data - Mock objects, return results
  8. execute "woot" do command "echo woot" action :nothing end cookbook_file

    "/tmp/dangerfile" do owner "root" mode "00644" notifies :run, "execute[woot]" end Chefspec demo (line cookbook)
  9. require 'spec_helper' describe 'line::tester' do let(:chef_run) { ChefSpec::Runner.new.converge 'line::tester' }

    it 'creates dangerfile' do expect(chef_run).to create_cookbook_file('/tmp/dangerfile').with_owner('root'). with_mode('00644') end end Chefspec demo (line cookbook)
  10. describe 'apache', :type => 'class' do context "On a Debian

    OS with no package name specified" do let :facts do { :osfamily => 'Debian' } end it { should contain_package('httpd').with( { 'name' => 'apache2' } ) should contain_service('httpd').with( { 'name' => 'apache2' } ) } end end Unit testing with puppet (labs_spec_helper)
  11. context 'with compress => foo' do let(:params) { {:compress =>

    'foo'} } it do expect { should contain_file('/etc/logrotate.d/nginx') }.to raise_error(Puppet::Error, /compress must be true or false/) end end it do should contain_service('apache').with( 'ensure' => 'running', 'enable' => 'true', 'hasrestart' => 'true', ) end Unit testing with puppet (rspec-puppet)
  12. - Integration testing - Serverspec, bats, rspec again Does the

    system reflect my instructions? Verify file contents, service settings, etc Isolate to a single host (requires cloudy) What do we mean by testing?
  13. describe package('httpd'), :if => os[:family] == 'redhat' do it {

    should be_installed } end describe package('apache2'), :if => os[:family] == 'ubuntu' do it { should be_installed } end describe service('httpd'), :if => os[:family] == 'redhat' do it { should be_enabled } it { should be_running } end describe service('apache2'), :if => os[:family] == 'ubuntu' do it { should be_enabled } it { should be_running } end describe port(80) do it { should be_listening } end Integration testing tools: serverspec
  14. @test "PEP8 tests for interface code" { run pep8 scripts/pontoon*

    [ "$status" = 0 ] } @test "monit is installed and in the path" { which monit } @test "monit configuration dir exists" { [ -d "/etc/monit" ] } Integration testing tools: bats
  15. describe 'monit::default' do it "install monit" do assert system('apt-cache policy

    monit | grep Installed | grep -v none') end describe "services" do # You can assert that a service must be running following the converge: it "runs as a daemon" do assert system('/etc/init.d/monit status') end # And that it will start when the server boots: it "boots on startup" do assert File.exists?(Dir.glob("/etc/rc5.d/S*monit").first) end end end Integration testing tools: minitest
  16. - Have tests, will travel (Vagrant) - Version your environment

    (TK) - Run all the things (rake) Vagrant, test-kitchen, rake
  17. - Same machine, mock & stub everything def stub_resources stub_command('/usr/sbin/httpd

    -t').and_return(0) stub_command('/usr/sbin/apache2 -t').and_return(0) stub_command('which php').and_return('/usr/bin/php') end def stub_nodes(platform, version, server) Dir['./test/integration/nodes/*.json'].sort.each do |f| node_data = JSON.parse(IO.read(f), symbolize_names: false) node_name = node_data['name'] server.create_node(node_name, node_data) platform.to_s # pacify rubocop version.to_s # pacify rubocop end Dir['./test/integration/environments/*.json'].sort.each do |f| env_data = JSON.parse(IO.read(f), symbolize_names: false) env_name = env_data['name'] server.create_environment(env_name, env_data) end end Rake and unit tests
  18. - Spawn a new machine (or container or cloud server

    or VM) --- driver: name: vagrant driver_config: use_vagrant_berkshelf_plugin: true provisioner: name: chef_solo platforms: - name: ubuntu-12.04 - name: debian-6.0.8 - name: centos-6.4 - name: fedora-20 TK and integration tests
  19. - Spawn a new machine (or container or cloud server

    or VM) suites: - name: default run_list: - recipe[redisio::default] - recipe[redisio::enable] attributes: redisio: servers: [ { port: 6379, } ] - name: sentinel run_list: - recipe[redisio::default] - recipe[redisio::enable] - recipe[redisio::sentinel] - recipe[redisio::sentinel_enable] attributes: redisio: servers: [ { port: 6379, } ] TK and integration tests
  20. - Examples of commands in test-kitchen using redisio cookbook Go

    cloud instead -- driver: rackspace driver_config: rackspace_username: <secret> rackspace_region: iad rackspace_api_key: <secret> require_chef_omnibus: true no_ssh_tcp_check: true no_ssh_tcp_check_sleep: 120 public_key_path: /home/mart6985/.ssh/id_rsa.pub flavor_id: performance1-2 TK and integration tests
  21. - Drivers for ec2, rackspace, digital ocean, docker, virtualbox, vmware,

    etc - Configuration is YAML files - Multiple test suites with different input options / test-scenarios - Still stub your cfg mgmt environment Drivers, configs, options, suites
  22. - redisio with vagrant and chef-solo - jenkins with chef-zero

    - (Your CI could run all these commands) Examples and provisioning
  23. Provisioners, Bussers, chef, puppet - a furnisher of provisions -

    bootstraps your config mgmt of choice - chef (solo, zero) - puppet (apply, agent) - shell/bash kitchen converge
  24. Provisioners, Bussers, chef, puppet - a person who clears tables

    in a restaurant or cafeteria - bootstraps tests and runs them - serverspec (rspec) - minitest - bats kitchen verify
  25. Provisioners, Bussers, chef, puppet - TK supports Berkshelf and Librarian

    - TK can provision using bash - Think of the other use cases for this! kitchen test
  26. The Holy Grail bundle install bundle exec rake style* bundle

    exec rake spec bundle exec kitchen test -d always (gem install rubygems-bundler)