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Rendre son IoT encore plus intelligent avec Ten...

Alexis DUQUE
November 12, 2019

Rendre son IoT encore plus intelligent avec Tensorflow Lite

Alors que le Machine Learning est déployé habituellement dans le Cloud, des versions allégées de ces algorithmes et adaptées aux systèmes contraints de l’IoT comme les microcontrôleurs commencent à apparaître.

Utiliser du Machine Learning « at-the-edge » présente en effet plusieurs avantages comme la réduction de la latence, la confidentialité des données, et le fonctionnement sans connexion internet.

Au cours de cette présentation, nous verrons qu’il est donc possible de déployer des algorithmes de Deep Learning sur des objets connectés grâce à TensorFlow Lite. Nous verrons alors comment l’utiliser pour concevoir l’« agriculture du futur » capable de prédire et optimiser la production de légumes, aussi bien chez soi que dans des pays en voie de développement où la connexion internet est intermittente.

Alexis DUQUE

November 12, 2019
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  1. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Make you IoT Smarter with

    Tensorflow Lite ... … to Design the Future of Vertical Farming @alexis0duque
  2. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Alexis DUQUE Director of Research

    & Development • @alexis0duque • alexisduque • [email protected] • alexisduque.me • https://goo.gl/oNUWu6 Who am I?
  3. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Outline & What You Will

    Learn • Indoor Vertical Farming • Why Intelligence at the Edge? • Introduction to Tensorflow Lite. How to Use It? • Setup your laptop & RPI • Build and train a small model to predict lettuce weight • Convert and deploy it on a RPI • Run predictions on IoT devices • Benchmarks • Further Work
  4. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI System Architecture avg co2 (double,

    in ppm) avg dissolved oxygen (double, in ppm) avg electrical conductivity (double, in µS/cm) avg RedOx potential (double, in mV) avg PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, double, in µmol/m2/s) avg water pH (double, in -) average humidity (double, in %) average temperature (double, in °C)
  5. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Irrigation System • HPA •

    Nebulization • NFT • Ebb & Flow https://www.hydroponic-urban-gardening.com/hydroponics-guide/various-hydroponics-systems
  6. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Why Machine Learning? Is the

    system working as expected? When my lettuce will be ready to be eaten? What should I do to make vegetables looks and tastes better? What should I do to make it grow faster? Flavor-cyber-agriculture: Optimization of plant metabolites in an open-source control environment through surrogate modeling Johnson AJ, et al. (2019) Flavor-cyber-agriculture: Optimization of plant metabolites in an open-source control environment through surrogate modeling. PLOS ONE 14(4): e0213918.
  7. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Why Edge Computing? Infrastructure and

    cloud cost Scalability Must work in the field, without internet Network Latency Privacy
  8. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Tensorflow Open source library created

    by Google Platform for Machine Learning 2.0 (released on October 2019) Create, train, debug and use various machine learning model (neural network but not only!) Keras, Lite, Tensorboard, Tensorflow Probability
  9. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Tensorflow Lite (TF-Lite) Converter +

    Interpreter Tensorflow vs TF-Lite ? • smaller model size • faster inference • mobile, embedded, MCU but • no training • model is frozen => no re-training • no transfer learning
  10. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Tensorflow Lite (TF-Lite) Optimization •

    Pruning • Post Training Quantization Delegate to offload execution • GPU, TPU, DSP
  11. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI ML Workflow with Tensorflow Lite

    Import your dataset Work on data: preprocessing, normalization, features selection Build your model with Tensorflow Train your model Export and convert to .tflite
  12. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI ML Workflow with Tensorflow Lite

    Load your model (or grab one in github.com/tensorflow/models) Preprocess input data Allocate Memory Run inference Interpret output
  13. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Setup on your Laptop $

    python3 --version $ pip3 --version $ virtualenv --version $ virtualenv --system-site-packages -p python3 ./venv $ source ./venv/bin/activate $ pip install --upgrade pip $ pip install --upgrade tensorflow=2.0 $ pip install numpy pandas jupyter jupyterlab notebook matplotlib
  14. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Tensorflow Lite Interpreter 1. Using

    pip and official TF release (not alway up to date) 2. Cross compile Tensorflow for ARMv7 on your laptop 3. Build Bazel and Tensorflow on your RPI (> 24h) 4. Using pip and a community built .whl package Setup on your RPI https://github.com/PINTO0309/Tensorflowlite-bin
  15. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Setup on your RPI Tensorflow

    Lite Interpreter $ sudo apt install swig libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev python3-dev python3-numpy unzip $ wget https://github.com/PINTO0309/TensorflowLite-bin/raw/master/2.0 .0/tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl $ pip install --upgrade tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl
  16. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Setup on your RPI Tensorflow

    Lite Interpreter $ sudo apt install swig libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev python3-dev python3-numpy unzip $ wget https://github.com/PINTO0309/TensorflowLite-bin/raw/master/2.0 .0/tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl $ pip install --upgrade tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl $ sudo apt install swig libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev python3-dev python3-numpy unzip $ wget https://github.com/PINTO0309/TensorflowLite-bin/raw/master/2 .0.0/tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl $ pip install --upgrade tflite_runtime-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl
  17. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Setup on your RPI Full

    Tensorflow package sudo apt-get install -y libhdf5-dev libc-ares-dev libeigen3-dev pip install keras_applications==1.0.8 --no-deps pip install keras_preprocessing==1.1.0 --no-deps pip install h5py==2.9.0 sudo apt-get install -y openmpi-bin libopenmpi-dev sudo apt-get install -y libatlas-base-dev pip install six wheel mock wget https://github.com/PINTO0309/Tensorflow-bin/raw/master/tensorflow-2.0.0-cp37-c p37m-linux_armv7l.whl pip uninstall tensorflow pip install tensorflow-2.0.0-cp37-cp37m-linux_armv7l.whl
  18. Demo @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Part 1 - Build,

    Train and Convert a simple Neural Network model to predict lettuce weight Part 2 - Deploy your tflite model on RPI and run inference
  19. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Tensorflow Lite Limitations Reinforcement Learning

    Transfer Learning Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) like LSTM Operation Compatibility https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/guide/ops_compatibility https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/ lite/experimental/examples/lstm/g3doc/README.md
  20. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI TFLite on Microcontrollers Inference on

    Cortex-M microcontroller Only some operations are supported Enough for hotword, gesture and speech recognition Arduino Nano 33
  21. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI TFLite on Microcontrollers C++ API

    #include <TensorFlowLite.h> // This is your tflite model #include "lg_weight_model.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/kernels/all_ops_resolver.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/micro_interpreter.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/schema/schema_generated.h" tflite::ErrorReporter *error_reporter = nullptr; const tflite::Model *model = nullptr; tflite::MicroInterpreter *interpreter = nullptr; TfLiteTensor *input = nullptr; TfLiteTensor *output = nullptr; #include <TensorFlowLite.h> // This is your tflite model #include "lg_weight_model.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/kernels/all_ops_resolver.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/experimental/micro/micro_interpreter.h" #include "tensorflow/lite/schema/schema_generated.h" tflite::ErrorReporter *error_reporter = nullptr; const tflite::Model *model = nullptr; tflite::MicroInterpreter *interpreter = nullptr; TfLiteTensor *input = nullptr; TfLiteTensor *output = nullptr;
  22. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI TFLite on Microcontrollers // Finding

    the min value for your model may require tests! constexpr int kTensorArenaSize = 2 * 1024; uint8_t tensor_arena[kTensorArenaSize]; // Load your model. model = tflite::GetModel(g_weight_regresion_model_data); // This pulls in all the operation implementations we need. static tflite::ops::micro::AllOpsResolver resolver; // Build an interpreter to run the model with. static tflite::MicroInterpreter static_interpreter( model, resolver, tensor_arena, kTensorArenaSize, error_reporter); interpreter = &static_interpreter; // Finding the min value for your model may require tests! constexpr int kTensorArenaSize = 2 * 1024; uint8_t tensor_arena[kTensorArenaSize]; // Load your model. model = tflite::GetModel(g_weight_regresion_model_data); // This pulls in all the operation implementations we need. static tflite::ops::micro::AllOpsResolver resolver; // Build an interpreter to run the model with. static tflite::MicroInterpreter static_interpreter( model, resolver, tensor_arena, kTensorArenaSize, error_reporter); interpreter = &static_interpreter;
  23. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI TFLite on Microcontrollers // Allocate

    memory for the model's tensors. TfLiteStatus allocate_status = interpreter->AllocateTensors(); // Obtain pointers to the model's input and output tensors. input = interpreter->input(0); output = interpreter->output(0); // Feed the interpreter with the input value float x_val = random(0, 1); input->data.f[0] = x_val; // Run Inference TfLiteStatus invoke_status = interpreter->Invoke(); // Get inference result float y_val = output->data.f[0]; // Allocate memory for the model's tensors. TfLiteStatus allocate_status = interpreter->AllocateTensors(); // Obtain pointers to the model's input and output tensors. input = interpreter->input(0); output = interpreter->output(0); // Feed the interpreter with the input value float x_val = random(0, 10); input->data.f[0] = x_val; // Run Inference TfLiteStatus invoke_status = interpreter->Invoke(); // Get inference result float y_val = output->data.f[0];
  24. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI Summary Build, Train, Optimize, Convert

    on laptop Deploy, Infer on device Some operations are not supported Quantization does not affect accuracy Inference on IoT and microcontrollers is feasible Regression, anomalies detection, objects recognition, smart reply, etc.
  25. @alexis0duque #DevoxxMA #IoT #Tensorflow #AI References https://medium.com/tensorflow/how-to-get-started-with-machine -learning-on-arduino-7daf95b4157 https://www.tensorflow.org/lite https://www.tensorflow.org

    https://coral.withgoogle.com/ https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01046 https://medium.com/tensorflow/tensorflow-model-optimization-t oolkit-pruning-api-42cac9157a6a