[PHPUK16] Every Millisecond Counts: Performance & UX

How do you lose 900 million dollars in 100ms? Or 8 million visits in just 4/10 of a second?

User expectations are higher than ever when it comes to web performance, so much so that we've created an entirely new application architecture just to make it feel like our websites are faster than they actually are.

This talk will look at how we can improve our users experience at any scale through performance optimizations at every layer of the stack, from backend to browser.

Transcript

1. E V E R Y M I L L I S E CO N D CO U N TS P E R F O R M A N C E A N D U S E R E X P E R I E N C E
2. D AV E Y S H A F I K • Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide, O’Reillys Upgrading to PHP7, Sitepoints PHP Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks & Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting Edge Code • A contributor to Zend Framework 1 & 2, phpdoc, & PHP internals • Original creator of PHAR/ PHP_Archive • @dshafik
3. h tt p : / /d e v e l o p e r. a ka m a i .co m
4. Let’s start a conversation about mental health in tech mhprompt.org
5. W H Y P E R FO R M A N C E M AT T E RS CC-BY-ND 2.0: Raymond June
6. A M A ZO N CC-BY 2.0: Thomas Shahan
7. LO S E S 1 % O F R E V E N U E P E R 1 0 0 M S S O U R C E : H T T P : / / R A D A R . O R E I L LY. C O M / 2 0 0 8 / 0 8 / R A D A R - T H E M E - W E B - O P S . H T M L
8. £ 6 1 3 , 4 7 0 , 3 3 6 2 0 1 4
9. 8 P FO R E V E R Y S I N G L E P E RS O N O N E A RT H 2 0 1 4
10. £ 9 . 5 9 P E R U K C I T I Z E N 2 0 1 4
11. R E M I N D E R : P E R 1 0 0 M S S LO W E R !
12. G O O G L E CC-BY: Robert Scoble
13. 0 . 5 S S LO W E R = 2 0 % L E SS S E A R C H E S S O U R C E : H T T P : / / G L I N D E N . B L O G S P O T. C O M / 2 0 0 6 / 1 1 / M A R I S S A - M A Y E R - A T- W E B - 2 0 . H T M L
14. B I N G CC-BY-SA 2.0: badgreeb RECORDS
15. 2 S S LO W E R = - 4 . 3 % R E V E N U E / U S E R S O U R C E : H T T P : / / V E L O C I T Y C O N F. C O M / V E L O C I T Y 2 0 0 9 / P U B L I C / S C H E D U L E / D E TA I L / 8 5 2 3
16. G Q CC-BY 2.0: BIAU Guillaume
17. CU T LOA D T I M E BY 8 0 % : T R A F F I C + 8 0 % & T I M E S P E N T + 3 2 % S O U R C E : H T T P : / / D I G I D AY. CO M / P U B L I S H E RS /G Q - CO M - CU T- PA G E - LOA D -T I M E - 8 0 - P E R C E N T/
18. M O R E
19. • WALMART: 1s improvement = 2% increase in conversions • ETSY: +160KB of images mobile site = 12% increase in bounce rate • STAPLES: 1s improvement = 10% increase in conversions S O U R C E : H T T P : / / W W W. S L I D E S H A R E . N E T/C L I F FC R O C K E R / V E LO C I TY- N Y- H O W-TO - M E A S U R E - R E V E N U E - I N - M I L L I S E CO N D S S O U R C E : H T T P : / / R A D A R . O R E I L LY. CO M / 2 0 1 4 / 0 1 / W E B - P E R FO R M A N C E - I S - US E R- E X P E R I E N C E . H T M L S O U R C E : H T T P : / / W W W. S L I D E S H A R E . N E T/ D E VO N AU E RS W A L D/ W A L M A RT- PA G E S P E E D S L I D E
20. CO N C LUS I O N
21. US E RS C A N P E R C E I V E T I N Y C H A N G E S I N P E R F O R M A N C E A S L I T T L E A S 1 0 0 M S
22. S LO W E R S I T E S M A K E CUSTO M E RS L E SS H A P P Y
23. L E SS H A P PY = P O O R US E R E X P E R I E N C E
24. YO U P R O B A B LY N OT I C E D I T YO U RS E L F…
25. 1 0 S E CO N D S I S A N E T E R N I TY
26. W H O I S R E S P O N S I B L E FO R P E R FO R M A N C E ? CC-BY 2.0: davetoaster
27. E V E R YO N E ! CC-BY 2.0: James Cridland
28. E V E R YO N E ! • Designers • Sysadmins/Devops • Backend Developers • Frontend Developers • Browser Vendors
29. W H AT M A K E S A W E B PA G E ? CC-BY-SA 2.0: Susanne Nilsson
30. TOTA L PA G E W E I G H T D I ST R I B U T I O N HTTP Archive – September 2015 http://httparchive.org/trends.php Fonts 5% CSS 3% JS 17% HTML 3% Images 63% Other 9%
31. TOTA L PA G E W E I G H T ( M B ) 0-1MB 1-2MB 2-3MB 3-4MB 4-5MB 5-6MB 6-8MB 3% 2% 4% 8% 15% 28% 36%
32. TOTA L R E Q U E STS P E R PA G E 1-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 > 150 15% 8% 12% 16% 18% 16% 11%
33. D E S I G N E RS CC-BY 2.0: Cliff Hutson
34. CO M P R E SS YO U R I M AG E S
35. CO M P R E SS YO U R I M AG E S ( O R W E ’ L L D O I T FO R YO U ! )
36. SYS A D M I N S / D E V O P S CC-BY-SA 2.0: Bjorn Watland
37. E N A B L E H T T P/ 2
38. L E T ’ S E N C R Y PT ! CC-BY: Jason Baker
39. L E TS E N C R Y PT. O R G Attribution
40. L E TS E N C R Y PT. O R G • Free (as in beer) • Automatic • Secure • Transparent • Open • Cooperative
41. U S E T H E C LO U D TO S C A L E B A S E D 
 O N P E R C E I V E D P E R F O R M A N C E CC-BY 2.0: Steve Jurvetson
42. S C A L E D B A S E D O N P E R C E I V E D P E R F O R M A N C E • Resource usage doesn’t tell you the whole story • Use SpeedIndex scores as an additional metric to determine scaling thresholds • Use marcelduran / webpagetest-api (node)
43. var WebPageTest = require('webpagetest'); var http = require('http'); var wpt = new WebPageTest('www.webpagetest.org', ‘KEY HERE'); wpt.runTest('https://daveyshafik.com', {pageSpeed: true}, function(err, data) { console.log("Test results at: " + data.data.jsonUrl); checkResponse(data.data.jsonUrl); }); function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
44. var WebPageTest = require('webpagetest'); var http = require('http'); var wpt = new WebPageTest('www.webpagetest.org', ‘KEY HERE'); wpt.runTest('https://daveyshafik.com', {pageSpeed: true}, function(err, data) { console.log("Test results at: " + data.data.jsonUrl); checkResponse(data.data.jsonUrl); }); function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData);
45. var WebPageTest = require('webpagetest'); var http = require('http'); var wpt = new WebPageTest('www.webpagetest.org', ‘KEY HERE'); wpt.runTest('https://daveyshafik.com', {pageSpeed: true}, function(err, data) { console.log("Test results at: " + data.data.jsonUrl); checkResponse(data.data.jsonUrl); }); function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData);
46. var WebPageTest = require('webpagetest'); var http = require('http'); var wpt = new WebPageTest('www.webpagetest.org', ‘KEY HERE'); wpt.runTest('https://daveyshafik.com', {pageSpeed: true}, function(err, data) { console.log("Test results at: " + data.data.jsonUrl); checkResponse(data.data.jsonUrl); }); function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData);
47. var WebPageTest = require('webpagetest'); var http = require('http'); var wpt = new WebPageTest('www.webpagetest.org', ‘KEY HERE'); wpt.runTest('https://daveyshafik.com', {pageSpeed: true}, function(err, data) { console.log("Test results at: " + data.data.jsonUrl); checkResponse(data.data.jsonUrl); }); function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData);
48. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
49. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
50. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
51. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
52. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
53. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
54. function checkResponse(reportUrl) { http.get(reportUrl, function(response) { var responseData = ''; response.on('data', function(data) { responseData += data; }); response.on('end', function() { var data = JSON.parse(responseData); if (data.statusCode == 200) { console.log("First view: " + data.data.average.firstView.SpeedIndex); console.log("Repeat view: " + data.data.average.repeatView.SpeedIndex); } else { console.log(data.statusText); setTimeout(function () { checkResponse(reportUrl); }, 5000); } }); }); }
56. B A C K E N D D E V E LO P E RS CC-BY 2.0: Bobo Boom
57. C A C H E A G G R E S S I V E LY CC-BY: Travis Wise
58. D ATA B A S E C AC H I N G
59. D ATA B A S E C AC H I N G • Memcache • Cassandra
60. F U L L PAG E C AC H I N G
61. F U L L PA G E C A C H I N G • Memcache • Cassandra • Varnish • Squid
62. E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E S ( E S I )
63. E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E S • Created by Akamai (and some other companies) • Partially supported by Varnish, Squid, and others • Uses special HTML tags to cache fragments of pages differently than rest of the page • e.g. no caching, different TTL, per user session, or per geographic area
64. E X A M P L E E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E : LO G I N <esi:include src="view/esi/login.phtml"/> <esi:remove> <?php // ESI Fallback include('view/esi/login.fallback.phtml'); ?> </esi:remove>
65. E X A M P L E E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E : LO G I N <esi:include src="view/esi/login.phtml"/> <esi:remove> <?php // ESI Fallback include('view/esi/login.fallback.phtml'); ?> </esi:remove>
66. E X A M P L E E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E : LO G I N <esi:include src="view/esi/login.phtml"/> <esi:remove> <?php // ESI Fallback include('view/esi/login.fallback.phtml'); ?> </esi:remove>
67. E X A M P L E E D G E S I D E I N C LU D E : LO G I N <esi:include src="view/esi/login.phtml"/> <esi:remove> <?php // ESI Fallback include('view/esi/login.fallback.phtml'); ?> </esi:remove>
68. I M AG E CO M P R E SS I O N
69. F O R M AT N E G OT I AT I O N
70. J P E G X R W E B P ɂ Ʌɚ
71. CO M P R E SS I O N
72. J P E G L E V E LS : 0 - 1 0 0 T H E Y ’ R E W H AT E V E R T H E E N CO D E R W A N TS T H E M TO M E A N
73. P E R C E I V E D Q UA L I TY
74. Q UA L I TY H U M A N S C A N S E E P E R C E I V E D Q UA L I TY
77. O R I G I N A L : 1 6 . 8 M B
78. 9 0 : 5 . 8 M B
79. 8 0 : 4 . 2 M B
80. 7 0 : 3 . 2 M B
81. 6 0 : 2 . 5 M B
82. 5 0 : 1 . 9 M B
83. 4 0 : 1 . 4 M B
84. 3 0 : 1 . 2 M B
85. 2 0 : 9 5 0 K B
86. 1 0 : 5 9 4 K B
87. 0 : 3 9 3 K B
88. O R I G I N A L
90. SS I M S T R U CT U R A L S I M I L A R I TY I M AG E
91. E M M Y A W A R D W I N N I N G A LG O R I T H M Zhou Wang, Alan C. Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh, and Eero P. Simoncelli
92. SS I M A LG O R I T H M • Brightness • Contrast • Structure • Fast
93. D SS I M ST R U CT U R A L D I SS I M I L A R I TY: D I STA N C E M E T R I C D E R I V E D F R O M SS I M
94. 9 0 : 0 . 0 0 9 2 7 3 5 . 8 M B
95. 8 0 : 0 . 0 0 8 1 3 6 4 . 2 M B
96. 7 0 : 0 . 0 0 9 0 0 7 3 . 2 M B
97. 6 0 : 0 . 0 1 0 2 8 7 2 . 5 M B
98. 5 0 : 0 . 0 1 2 0 7 8 1 . 9 M B
99. 4 0 : 0 . 0 1 4 7 6 8 1 . 4 M B
100. 3 0 : 0 . 0 1 7 4 1 3 1 . 2 M B
101. 2 0 : 0 . 0 2 0 7 1 2 9 4 8 K B
102. 1 0 : 0 . 0 2 8 6 4 2 5 9 2 K B
103. 0 : 0 . 0 3 8 5 8 5 3 9 2 K B
104. 0.009273 /images/90.png 0.008136 /images/80.png 0.009007 /images/70.png 0.010287 /images/60.png 0.012078 /images/50.png 0.014768 /images/40.png 0.017413 /images/30.png 0.020712 /images/20.png 0.028642 /images/10.png 0.038585 /images/0.png
105. P E R C E PT I V E Q UA L I TY T H R E S H O L D
106. Original: 14.1MB 80: 0.008136 4.6MB 30: 0.017413 1.2MB 50: 0.012078 1.9MB
107. -91.4%
108. F R O N T E N D D E V E LO P E RS CC-BY 2.0: Bill Jacobus
109. P R E D I CT I V E B R O W S I N G
110. P R E B R O W S I N G
111. P R E B R O W S I N G 1. DNS Prefetch 2. TCP Preconnect 3. Prefetch 4. Prerender
112. Ɇ ɂ
113. D N S P R E F E TC H ɐ Ɇ ɂ 10.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
114. TC P P R E CO N N E CT ɐ Ɇ Ȑ ɂ 10.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
115. P R E LOA D ɐ Ɇ Ȑ ɂ 10.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
116. P R E R E N D E R ɐ Ɇ Ȑ  ɂ 10.0.0.1 127.0.0.1
117. D N S P R E F E TC H
118. <head> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.org"> </head> D N S P R E F E TC H
119. <head> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.org"> </head> D N S P R E F E TC H
120. <head> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//example.org"> </head> D N S P R E F E TC H
121. P R E CO N N E CT
122. <head> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://example.org"> </head> P R E CO N N E CT
123. P R E F E TC H
124. <head> <link rel="prefetch" href="/page/2"> </head> P R E CO N N E CT
125. P R E R E N D E R
126. <head> <link rel="prerender" href="/page/2"> </head> P R E CO N N E CT
127. W A R N I N G ! CC-BY 2.0: Robert Couse-Baker
128. 1-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 > 150 15% 8% 12% 16% 18% 16% 11% 0-1MB 1-2MB 2-3MB 3-4MB 4-5MB 5-6MB 6-8MB 3% 2% 4% 8% 15% 28% 36% Fonts 5% CSS 3% JS 17% HTML 3% Images 63% Other 9% YO U H AV E TO R E N D E R T H E E N T I R E PAG E !
129. R E L = P R E LOA D
130. P R E F E TC H VS P R E LO A D
131. P R E LOA D V S P R E F E TC H • prefetch is an optional and low-priority fetch for a resource that might be used by a subsequent navigation • preload is a mandatory and high-priority fetch for a resource that is necessary for the current navigation • preload is typically sent as a header, rather than a <link> tag
132. L I N K H E A D E R Link: /resource; rel=preload
133. N E W A R C H I T E CT U R E S
134. H T T P/ 1 . X S U C K S CC-BY: Flóra Soós
135. H T T P/ 1 . X S U C K S • Minify + Concat JavaScript and CSS • Inlining small JavaScript and CSS • Using image sprites • Using data: URIs • Domain sharding
136. T H E S E T H I N G S A R E A L L " C L E V E R " H AC K S CC-BY: Matt Biddulph
137. M U LT I P L E X I N G CC-BY: Alosh Bennett C A N U S E O N E C O N N E C T I O N F O R P A R A L L E L R E Q U E S T S
138. S E R V E R P US H CC-BY: Steven Depolo
139. D E L I V E R I N G A PAG E
140. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ ɂ Ȑ
141. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ ɂ Ȑ
142. PAG E A SS E TS GET /index.html Ɇ ɂ Ȑ
143. PAG E A SS E TS GET /index.html 200 OK text/html Ɇ ɂ Ȑ
144. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html
145. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html critical-path.css critical-path.js logo.svg
146. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html critical-path.css critical-path.js logo.svg font.eot
147. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html critical-path.css critical-path.js logo.svg font.eot main.js
148. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html critical-path.css critical-path.js logo.svg font.eot main.js splash.jpg
149. PAG E A SS E TS Ɇ Ȑ ɂ GET /index.html 200 OK text/html critical-path.css critical-path.js logo.svg font.eot styles.css main.js splash.jpg
150. I N S U M M A R Y
151. P E R F O R M A N C E M AT T E RS
152. T I M E = M O N E Y
153. T I M E = U S E R S AT I S FA CT I O N = M O N E Y
154. P E R F O R M A N C E = US E R E X P E R I E N C E
155. F E E D B AC K & Q U E ST I O N S Feedback: Twitter: Email: Slides: https://joind.in/ @dshafik dshafik@akamai.com http://daveyshafik.com/slides 16379