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モバイルアプリ開発に使える設計の話
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M.Inomata
November 16, 2018
Technology
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1.5k
モバイルアプリ開発に使える設計の話
iOS/Android開発をクリーンアーキテクチャで設計、開発する話です。
M.Inomata
November 16, 2018
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Transcript
ϞόΠϧΞϓϦ։ൃʹ ͑Δઃܭͷ (iOS/Android)
ࣗݾհ גࣜձࣾ tech vein ද ழມ ॆԝ (͍ͷ·ͨ ΈͭͻΖ) ձࣾHP:
https://www.tech-vein.com/ private twitter: @ino2222
ձࣾ(tech vein)ͷհ 2013͔Β͋ΔେࡕຊொͷडୗγεςϜ։ൃձࣾͰ͢ɻ Android / iOS εϚʔτϑΥϯΞϓϦ։ൃɺ WebγεςϜ։ൃ(PHPɾJS)͕ಘҙͰ͢ɻ গਓͷٕज़తͳ͜ͱɾ໘ന͍͜ͱ͕͖ͳϝϯόʔ͕ू·ͬ ͯͰ͖ͨɺখ͞ͳձࣾͰ͢ɻ
ձ໊ࣾςοΫϕΠϯͱಡΈ·͢ɻ
ࣗࣾެ։தͷAndroid/iOSΞϓϦ ιϧΞϯϦʔγϡ ࣗͷΦϦΩϟϥΛ࡞ΔεϚϗ31( IUUQTPVOUFDIWFJODPN IUUQTCJUMZ);BV3 $IJJ2 ҬͰॿ͚߹͑Δಗ໊૬ஊΞϓϦ IUUQTBQQMFDP,[IYD ϙέοτΞϒετϥΫτ ҩྍैࣄऀ͚ͷ࠷৽δϟʔφϧߪಡΞϓϦ
ࠓͷςʔϚ ϞόΠϧΞϓϦ։ൃʹAndroid/iOSωΠςΟϒ։ൃʹ͓͚Δݸਓ తϕλʔͳઃܭʹ͍ͭͯɻ iOSத৺ɻAndroid։ൃʹ͍ͭͯҎԼͷΑ͏ʹಡΈସ͑ͯͩ͘ ͍͞ɻ ViewController(ུশVC) → Activity + Fragment
UIKitϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ → Android Framework ※Flutter, React Native, Xamarin ৮Ε·ͤΜɻ༻ޠΛஔ͖͑ͨΒԠ༻Ͱ͖Δͣɻ
ઃܭɾ࣮ͰΑ͋͘ΔΈ Fat ViewController (Fat Activity)ΛͳΜͱ͔ͨ͠ ͍ɻ MVC/MVVM/MVPΛ࠾༻͕ͨ͠ɺ࣮ऀʹΑͬͯ Ϟσϧͷ࣮ϧʔϧ͕ҧ͏ɻಛఆͷϞσϧ͕ංେԽ ͢ΔɻFatViewController vs
FatModel
ϞόΠϧΞϓϦͲͷઃܭ͕ ͍͍ͷ͔ ཚཱ͢ΔMVͳΜͱ͔ɻ MVC? MVP? MVVM? OSఏڙͷඪ४ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ(UIKit)͕͋Δͷ ʹMVͳΜͱ͔ͳΜͯෆཁͳͷͰɻ
ΈͷղܾͷͨΊɺ ࠓճհ͢Δઃܭ(ΞʔΩςΫνϟ) • MVVM + ΫϦʔϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ิॿϥΠϒϥϦ: Rx, DI
Clean Architecture?
MVVM+Clean Architecture <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU
seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ϓϨθϯ ςʔγϣϯ υϝΠϯ Πϯϑϥ
Clean Architectureͷجຊݪଇ • ΫϦʔϯͳઃܭʹ͢ΔͨΊͷϧʔϧɻ • ϏδωεϧʔϧɾσʔλΛத৺ͱͯ͠ɺUIɾAPIͳͲͷ ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛϓϥάΠϯԽ͢Δɻ • ґଘؔΛ̍ํʹ͢Δɻ •
ͨͩ͠ৗʹଆ֎ଆΛΒͳ͍Α͏ʹඞཁʹԠͯ͡ґ ଘؔΛٯసͤ͞Δɻ • Λ·͙ͨࢀরΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛܦ༝͢Δɻ
Clean Architectureͷݪଇʁ • ݪଇγϯϓϧͳϧʔϧͰɺMVʙͷΑ͏ͳɺಛఆͷΫϥεߏʹറΔ ͷͰͳ͍ɻ ———- • ݪଇΛकΕMVC, MVP, MVVM
ͳͲҙͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱΈ߹Θ ͤͯΑ͍ɻ • Clean ArchitectureࣗମϋʔυΣΞ։ൃͳͲ͍͔ͳΔ։ൃͰద༻ Ͱ͖Δߟ͑ํͱͯ͠ఏএ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ ˠ.77.ϕʔεͷ$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFΛ࠾༻
Clean Architecture ͷجຊ4 • ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε (UIͱ͔DB, APIͱ͔) • ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓλ •
Ϣʔεέʔε • ΤϯςΟςΟ(σʔλ) ͷ̐ɻ૿͑ͯݮͬͯOK͕ͩɺ ґଘؔඞͣकΔɻ
֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε(੨) • (OSϑϨʔϜϫʔΫؚΉ)ΞϓϦͷ֎ͷੈքͱͷ߹෦ɻ • ϢʔβʹݟͤΔUI෦ɻը໘ɾϏϡʔͷݟͨɺλοϓ ૢ࡞ͳͲͷΠϯλϥΫγϣϯɺ • ϋʔυΣΞɺWebAPIɺσʔλϕʔεͳͲɺΞϓϦ֎Ͱ ఆٛ͞ΕΔ֤छΠϯλʔϑΣΠε͕֘ɻ •
(ಉ͕ͩ͡ɺUIͱWebAPIɺWebAPIͱσʔλϕʔεͳͲ ผͷ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεಉ͓࢜ޓ͍ΛΒͳ͍)
ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓλ() • ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱUseCaseͷؒͷ૬ޓ มΛߦ͏ɻ • ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓλ੨(֎෦Πϯλʔ ϑΣΠε)ΛΒͳ͍ɻ
Ϣʔεέʔε() • ϏδωεϩδοΫΛهड़͢Δɻ • ̍ػೳ(ʹϢʔεέʔε)̍UseCaseΫϥεͱ͠ ࣮ͯݱ͢Δɻ • Ϣʔεέʔε(ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓ λ)ɾ੨(֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε)ΛΒͳ͍ɻ
ΤϯςΟςΟɾσʔλ(ԫ) • ΞϓϦͰڞ௨ʹ͏σʔλΛఆٛ͢Δɻ • ΤϯςΟςΟଞͷΛҰΒͳ͍ɻ ˞%#ϨίʔυͷΤϯςΟςΟɺ"1*ϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯεͳͲ ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεґଘͷσʔλ͜͜ʹؚ·ͳ͍ɻ ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεʹҐஔ͢Δ
ࣗΑΓ֎ΛΒͳ͍ ˒ҹͷ͖ ґଘͷํ ʹ <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView
<UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ࠨӈʹґଘ ࢀর ͍ͯ͠Δ ࠨӈΛܧঝ ࣮ ͍ͯ͠Δ
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ࣗΑΓ֎ΛΒͳ͍ 6*͕Δੈք <Data> Message MessageView TimelineView Controller <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> User UI (ExternalInterface) Entity
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ࣗΑΓ֎ΛΒͳ͍ 7JFX.PEFM͕Δੈք <Data> Message <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase TimelineViewM odelImpl <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> User ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) Entity
ࣗΑΓ֎ΛΒͳ͍ 6TF$BTF͕Δੈք <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU
seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl <Data> User UseCase Entity
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ࣗΑΓ֎ΛΒͳ͍ &OUJUZ͕Δੈք <Data> Message <Data> User Entity
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ಉ͡֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε(੨)Ͱɺ ผͷ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεಉ࢜ؔ͠ͳ͍ 5XJUUFS"1*ΫϥΠΞϯτɾ4%,͕Δੈք ☓ TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> TwitterUser TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface)
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ಉ͡Ξμϓλ()Ͱɺ ผͷ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεಉ࢜ؔ͠ͳ͍ɻ %BUB4PVSDF͕Δੈք ☓ <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓλͷଘࡏҙٛɺ ͋͘·Ͱಛఆͷ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛ6TF$BTFͰ ѻ͑ΔΠϯλʔϑΣΠε 3FQPTJUPSZ࣮ ʹม͢Δ͜ͱʹ͋Δɻ
͚ͩͲԿ͕خ͍͠ͷ͔ • ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷࣄΛϢʔεέʔεʢϏδωεϩδο Ϋʣ͔ΒΓ͢ࣄ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ • ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱϏδωεϩδοΫʢϢʔεʣέʔε ͓ޓ͍ʹਂ͘Βͳ͍··࣮Ͱ͖Δɻ • มߋͷӨڹ͕ہॴԽͰ͖ΔͷͰɺػೳՃࠩ͠ସ͕͑؆ ୯ɺ҆શʹͳΔɻ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛ෦Խ(ϓϥάΠ
ϯԽ)Ͱ͖Δɻ • ෳਓͰ࡞ۀ͍͢͠ɻιʔείʔυ͕ԚΕʹ͍͘ʂ
֎ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ ֎ʹରͯ͠ґଘ͕ͳ͍ ʹ֎ͷมߋʹ͍ͭͯɺ҆શ <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase>
FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl <Data> User UseCase Entity <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource <Data> Message <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase TimelineViewM odelImpl <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> User ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) Entity
ʹ࠷ݶ͔͠ґଘ͠ͳ͍ <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase
FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> User Entity ʹରͯ͠ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεɾσʔλʹ͔͠ґଘ͠ͳ͍ ʹͷ෦มߋʹ͍ͭͯɺ֎҆શ
֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷมߋɾࠩ͠ସ͑ͷӨڹ ͕খ͍͞ <Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU
seCase FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource FacebookAPI Client / SDK <Data> FacebookMessa ge <Data> FacebookUser DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) FacebookAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) FacebookAPI DataSource 5XJUUFSґଘΫϥε͕%BUB4PVSDF"1*ΫϥΠΞϯτ࣮ʹӅṭ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɺ 5XJUUFSˠ'BDFCPPLʹมΘͬͯɺଞͷͷΫϥεΛҰม͑ͳͯ͘Α͍ɻ Өڹൣғ͚ͩ͜͜ʂˠ
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource ϏδωεϩδοΫͷมߋ͕ ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεɾUIʹӨڹ͠ͳ͍ ͨͱ͑ɺλΠϜϥΠϯͷϧʔϧɾ݅Λදࣔ͢ΔͳͲɻ ࣮ࡁ3FQPTJUPSZͷΈ߹ΘͤͰࡁΉͳΒɺ%BUB4PVSDF"1* 4%, ҎԼมߋෆཁɻ ݟͨͷมߋ͕ཁΒͳ͍ͳΒɺ7JFX.PEFM6*มߋෆཁɻ
<Interface> TimelineReposit ory <Data> Message MessageView <UseCase> FetchTimelineU seCase FetchTimelineU
seCaseImpl TimelineView Controller TimelineViewM odelImpl TwitterAPICli ent / SDK <Interface> TimelineViewM odel <Data> TwitterMessage <Data> User <Data> TwitterUser UI (ExternalInterface) ViewModel (InterfaceAdapter) UseCase Entity DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPI&SDK (ExternalInterface) TwitterAPIDat aSource TimelineDetailV iewModelImpl <Interface> TimelineDetailV iewModel TimelineDetail ViewController UIͷมߋ͕ ϏδωεϩδοΫɾσʔλ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ ͨͱ͑ɺλΠϜϥΠϯͷݟͨͷมߋɺৄࡉը໘ՃͳͲɻ طଘ6TF$BTF͚ͩͰ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔͳΒɺϓϨθϯͷมߋ͚ͩͰࡁΉɻ
ΫϦʔϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͷΩϞ ੍ޚͷస(Inversion of Control) • ͜ΕͩͱɺϏδωεϩδοΫ͕֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεUIʹґଘͯ͠͠·͍ɺΫϦʔϯΞʔΩς ΫνϟͷઃܭϧʔϧΛकΕͳ͍ͷͰ͜͏͍ͨ͠ɻ TimelineViewM odel TimelineView
Controller FetchTimelineU seCase TwitterAPIDat aSource TwitterAPICli ent / SDK ґଘͷ͖Λస͍ͨ͠ ⇛ͦ͜Ͱ੍ޚͷస *P$ Λ׆༻͢Δʂ TimelineViewM odel TimelineView Controller FetchTimelineU seCase TwitterAPIDat aSource TwitterAPICli ent / SDK ͜͏ͳΔ • ૉʹ࣮͢ΔͱɺॲཧͷྲྀΕʹґଘؔʹͳΔɻ
• ྫɿTimelineUseCaseImpl ͔Β TimelineDataSource Λ͏ɻ ࣮ྫ(੍ޚͷసͳ͠) %BUB4PVSDFΫϥε 6TF$BTF*NQMΫϥεͰ%BUB4PVSDFར༻ ˢ%BUB4PVSDFʹ ɹɹґଘ͢ΔͷΛΊ͍ͨɻ
੍ޚͷస͋Γ 6TF$BTF*NQMΫϥεͷ֎͔Β%BUB4PVSDFΠϯελϯεΛ༩͑Δɻ ˢ֎෦͔ΒSFQPTJUPSZΠϯελϯε Λड͚औΔΑ͏ʹมߋɻ 6TF$BTF*NQM3FQPTJUPSZΠϯλʔ ϑΣΠε͔͠Βͳ͍Α͏ʹͳͬͨɻ ˢ6TF$BTF*NQMॳظԽ࣌ʹ %BUB4PVSDFΠϯελϯεΛࠩ͠ࠐΉɻ 6TF$BTF*NQMΫϥεͰ3FQPTJUPSZࢀর͢ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͠ɺ %BUB4PVSDFΠϯελϯεԽΛ͠ͳ͍ɻ
%BUB4UPSF͕3FQPTJUPSZΛܧঝ
੍ޚͷస FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl TwitterAPIDat aSource FetchTimelineU seCaseImpl FetchTimelineR epository TwitterAPIDat
aSource ͜Ε͕ɺ ͜͏ͳͬͨʂ %BUB4PVSDFΛΒͳ͍ ˠ5XJUUFS"1*%BUB4PVSDF͕ ೖΕସΘͬͯؾ͔ͮͳ͍ʂ
ˢ͜ͷΑ͏ʹ෦ͰΠϯλʔϑΣΠε͔͠Βͣɺ֎෦͔Β࣮ମΠϯελϯεΛೖ͢ ΔΈͷ͜ͱΛ%* %FQFOEFODZ*OKFDUJPOґଘؔͷೖ ͱݺͼ·͢ɻ %*ศརͳ໘ɺ࿈͢Δͱੜॲཧʢʹղܾʣ͕େมʹͳΓ͕ͪͰ͢ɻ ྫɿ"Λ࡞Δʹ#͕͍Δɺ#Λ࡞Δʹ$ͱ%͕͍Δʜ͔͠"͋ͪͪ͜Ͱ͏FUD ͦͷͨΊɺ%*Λ࿈తʹೖͯ͠ΠϯελϯεΛ࡞ͬͨΓอ࣋ͨ͠Γͯ͘͠ΕΔ ศརػߏΛ͏͜ͱ͕ଟ͍Ͱ͢ɻ ͦͷศརػߏͷ͜ͱΛɺ%*ίϯςφͱݺͼ·͢ɻ %*ίϯςφɺJ04ͳΒ4XJOKFDUɺ"OESPJEͳΒ%BHHFSΛ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ
੍ޚͷసͱDIͱίϯςφ
DIղܾͷΠϝʔδ 7JFX.PEFM" 6TF$BTF" 6TF$BTF# %BUB4PVSDF" %BUB4PVSDF# 7JFX$POUSPMMFS" %BUB4PVSDF$ ҹશ෦ɺDIͰࠩ͠ࠐΜͰ࣮ݱ 6TF$BTF#
%BUB4PVSDF# %BUB4PVSDF$ 6TF$BTF#͕΄͚͠Ε %BUB4PVSDF# $͚ͩࠩ͠ࠐΈ
RxͰඇಉظॲཧͱଟஈॲཧΛָʹ ͢Δ • Rx=Reactive Extension ඇಉظॲཧͱಉظॲཧΛ۠ผͤͣετϦʔϜͱͯ͠εϚʔ τʹѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔϥΠϒϥϦ(RxSwift / RxJava)ɻ •
ΫϦʔϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭࢥͷϏδωεϩδοΫ ʹʮڥϥΠϒϥϦͷґଘΛͳ͘͢ʯͱ͠· ͕͢ɺ֤ͷग़ྗͱͯ͠RxΛ͏ͱָ࣮͕ʹͳΔͨ ΊΑ͘ར༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ ʢಛʹඇಉظपΓͱ֤Ͱͷσʔλมॲཧָ͕ʣ
RxΛͬͨྫ View͔ΒAPIऔಘͯ݁͠ՌΛදࣔ͢Δ·Ͱ TimelineViewM odel TimelineView Controller FetchTimelineU seCase TwitterAPIDat aSource
TwitterAPICli ent / SDK ը໘ϩʔυΠϕϯτ onLoad() execute() -> Observable<[Message]> fetchTimeline() -> Observable<[Message]> request() -> TwitterResponse response から Observable<[Message]> に 変換して結果を流す ObservableΛ ͦͷ··SFUVSO UJNFMJOFTϓϩύςΟΛ ࢹͯ͠6*࠶ඳը MFUUJNFMJOFT0CTFSWBCMF<.FTTBHF> ϓϩύςΟʹ݁ՌΛྲྀ͢ λΠϜϥΠϯऔಘͰ͖ͨΒ responseΛฦ͢
·ͱΊ • ࠓͲΜͳΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ͍ͬͯͯɺClean Architectureͷߟ͑ํΛΔ͜ͱϝϦοτʹͳΔ ͣɻ • ґଘΛ୯ํʹ͢ΔɺநԽͯ͠ૄ݁߹ʹ͢Δɺ੍ ޚΛసͯ͠֎෦ཁૉΛϓϥάΠϯԽ͢ΔɺͳͲɻ • ΫϦʔϯΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ͓ڙʹDIίϯςφɺRxΛ
Έ߹ΘͤΑ͏ɻ
ࢀߟαΠτɾॻ੶ IUUQTBN[OUP1XGP) $MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFɹ ୡਓʹֶͿιϑτΣΞͷߏͱઃܭ ·ͩ.7$ .71 .77.Ͱফͯ͠ΔͷʁJ04$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSFʹ͍ͭͯ IUUQTRJJUBDPNLPVUBMPVJUFNTBGDGBEFDED 5IF$MFBO"SDIJUFDUVSF IUUQTCMPHDMFBODPEFSDPNVODMFCPCUIFDMFBOBSDIJUFDUVSFIUNM
͍͞͝ʹ • tech vein Ͱ͜ΜͳΞϓϦΤϯδχΞɺ ϑϦʔϥϯεɾύʔτφʔ༷Λืू͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ • RxSwift, RxJava Λ͍͍ͨ
• MVVMɺ CleanArchitectureɺ DI Λ׆༻ͨ͠ઃܭʹڵຯ͕͋Δ ڵຯ͕͋ΔํɺͪΐͬͱΛฉ͍ͯΈ͍ͨํ ͨͩઃܭͷΛͬͱฉ͖͍ͨํ ͥͻ͓͕͚Լ͍͞ʂ
͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ɻ 5XJUUFS!JOP
ิ:ଞͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͱClean Architecture ͷΈ߹Θͤʹ͍ͭͯ • ϓϨθϯςʔγϣϯUI+ViewModel͚ͩͰઆ໌͠·͕ͨ͠ɺΫϦʔϯ ΞʔΩςΫνϟͰറΓ͕ͳ͍෦ͳͷͰɺγεςϜن։ൃϝϯόʔ͕ ׳Ε͍ͯΔΞʔΩςΫνϟʹΑͬͯࣗ༝ʹબ͍͍ͯ͠ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ • ྫɿ େن…ViewModelσʔλ͚ͩʹͯ͠ɺPresenterΛ༻ҙ͢Δ(Viper)
தن…ViewModelΛΘͣɺPresenter͚ͩ(MVP+CleanArchitecture) খن…ViewModelPresenterΘͳ͍(M+VC+CleanArchitecture) • ·ͨɺViewModelInterfaceͱ͠·͕ͨ͠ɺUIมߋʹӨڹΛड͚͍͍ͯͷ Ͱ͋ΕɺViewModelΠϯλʔϑΣΠεԽͤͣɺ࣮ମͷΈͰྑ͍ͱࢥ͍ ·͢ɻ(ϓϨθϯΛ̎Ͱͳ͚̍ͩ͘ͱΈͳ͢)
ิ:ΫϥεͷׂʢϓϨθϯʣ • ViewController / Activity ݸɿ̍ը໘ʢ̍෦ʣ̍Ϋϥεɻ ׂɿOSͷ੍ʹै͍ը໘දࣔ͢Δɻ • ViewModel ݸɿ1ը໘̍Ϋϥεɻڞ௨UI෦ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ෦
ՃͰ̍෦(1View)1Ϋϥεɻ ׂɿUIͷΠϕϯτೖྗΛड͚͚ɺUIදࣔ͢Δσʔ λɾঢ়ଶΛอ࣋ɾग़ྗ͢Δ
ิ:ΫϥεͷׂʢυϝΠϯʣ • UseCase ݸɿ̍ػೳ̍Ϋϥεɻ ׂɿ̍ͭͷػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ(ྫɿձһొ͢Δɺ͓ؾʹೖΓՃ͢Δ) • Repository ݸɿػೳΛߏ͢Δཁૉ܈ΛάϧʔϓԽͱͯ͠ɺ̍άϧʔϓ̍Ϋϥεɻ ׂɿUseCaseͷߏཁૉΛఏڙ͢Δɻ ྫɿձһใϦϙδτϦ…ձһใΛ࡞
/ ߋ৽ / আ͢Δ λΠϜϥΠϯϦϙδτϦ…λΠϜϥΠϯϦετऔಘɺݕࡧ݅ΛߜͬͯϦετऔಘɺ͓ؾʹೖΓ ϝοηʔδొ/আ ϝοηʔδߘϦϙδτϦ…ϝοηʔδૹ৴/আɺDMૹ৴/আ • ModelΦϒδΣΫτ(σʔλ) ݸɿ̍σʔλ୯Ґ̍Ϋϥε ׂɿϝοηʔδɺϢʔβͳͲͷσʔλΛͭγϯϓϧͳΦϒδΣΫτɻσʔλՃͷͨΊͷ؆୯ͳϝ ιουΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱɻ
ิ:ΫϥεͷׂʢΠϯϑϥʣ • DataSource ݸɿ̍֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε͋ͨΓ̍Ϋϥεɻ ׂɿಛఆͷWebAPIɺOSػೳɺDBͳͲΛૢ࡞͢ΔͨΊͷػೳΛ Repositoryཁ݅ʹ߹Θͤͯఏڙ͢ΔΫϥεɻ • Entity (֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεґଘ) ׂɿAPIϦΫΤετɺϨεϙϯεɺDBϨίʔυͳͲ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠ
ε͕ཁٻ͢Δσʔλܕ࣮ɻ͜ͷܕͷ··Repositoryʹ͍͚ͯ͠ͳ ͍ɻ • ͦͷଞ(DataStore͔ΒͷΈ͏) APIΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦɺDB࣮ΫϥεͳͲɻ
ิɿਤͰDataSource͕̎৭ʹ ͳ͍ͬͯͨͷ͕ؾʹͳΔ • ͜ͷDataSource֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε(੨)Λͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͨΊɺ InterfaceAdapterͳ͠ͷ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷΑ͏ͳҐஔ͚ͮʹͳΔͱߟ͑ศ্ٓ̎৭Ͱද͍ͯ͠· ͢ɻ • ࣮ࡍʹTwitterAPIClientͳͲ͕ϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯநԽ͞Ε͍ͯΔ߹͋Γɺͦ͜ʹΠϯλʔϑΣ ΠεΛ͢ͱʹͳΓ·͢͠ɺͦ͏Ͱͳ͍߹ϏδωεϩδοΫͱRepositoryΠϯλʔϑΣΠε Ͱ҆શʹΓ͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊɺ͜͜Ͱඞͣ͠ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΛ৽ͨʹ༻ҙ͢Δඞཁͳ͍ͱߟ
͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ • ̐Ͱ࣮͢ΔͳΒDataSourceΠϯλʔϑΣΠεΞμϓλ()Ͱ͢ͷͰɺTwitterAPIClientͷinterface Λ༻ҙ͢Ε֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε(੨)ΛΒͳͯ͘Α͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ • ৗʹ͢Δͱ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠε༻ͷσʔλܕͷӅṭඞཁͳͷͰେมͰ͕͢ɺDataSource͕ෳ ࡶʹͳ͖ͬͯͯɺ֎෦ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱͷґଘΛബͨ͘͘͠ͳͬͨΒ͢Δ΄͏͕͍͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ DataSource (InterfaceAdapter) TwitterAPIDat aSource