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Introduction to digital communications.

Introduction to digital communications.

Slides for an undergraduate course on Digital Communications.

Francisco J. Escribano

April 30, 2018
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  1. 10 Digital Communications: introduction COMMUNICATION THEORY DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS RADIATION AND

    RADIOCOMMUNICATION MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASIC CONCEPTS ADVANCED CONCEPTS
  2. 11 Digital Communications: introduction COMMUNICATION THEORY COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

    RADIATION AND RADIOCOMMUNICATION MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASIC CONCEPTS ADVANCED CONCEPTS
  3. 12 Digital Communications: introduction • Basic texts: – Bernard Sklar,

    Digital Communications, 2001, Prentice Hall (Chapter 1). – Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 2010, Wiley (Background and preview). – John G. Proakis, Masoud Salehi, Digital Communications, 2008, McGraw-Hill (Chapter 1).
  4. 21 Digital Communications: introduction • Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒

    layers PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) MEDIUM Data Stream Data Stream
  5. 22 Digital Communications: introduction • Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒

    layers PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) MEDIUM Data Stream Control Control Data Stream
  6. 23 Digital Communications: introduction • Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒

    layers PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) MEDIUM Data Stream Control Control Data Stream
  7. 24 Digital Communications: introduction • Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒

    layers PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) MEDIUM Digital Communications Data Stream Control Control Data Stream
  8. 25 Digital Communications: introduction • Logical/functional organization of communications ⇒

    layers PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) PHY (1) MAC (2) (<DLL) MEDIUM Telematics Digital Communications Data Stream Control Control Data Stream
  9. 26 Digital Communications: introduction • Before proceeding further... – All

    this is about... transferring information • Some issues: – Can we precisely define information? – How can it and its quality be measured? – Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer? • And the answer is...
  10. 27 Digital Communications: introduction • Before proceeding further... – All

    this is about... transferring information • Some issues: – Can we precisely define information? – How can it and its quality be measured? – Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer? • And the answer is... ?
  11. 28 Digital Communications: introduction • Before proceeding further... – All

    this is about... transferring information • Some issues: – Can we precisely define information? – How can it and its quality be measured? – Are there any limitations to the amount of information we can transfer? • And the answer is... INFORMATION THEORY (Block 2) Source: Wikipedia !
  12. 31 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem
  13. 32 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem Radio frequency -RF (analog)
  14. 33 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem Radio frequency -RF (analog) Upper layers (2,3...)
  15. 34 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem Radio frequency -RF (analog) Base- band (digital) Upper layers (2,3...)
  16. 35 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem Radio frequency -RF (analog) Base- band (digital) Upper layers (2,3...) • Adaptation to the medium. • Information protection. • Sharing resources. • Signal generation. • Interface between RF and upper layers. • Evaluation and compensation of channel distortions. • …...........................................................
  17. 36 Digital Communications: introduction • What are the main functions

    carried out at the physical layer? WIFI CARD in ADSL modem Radio frequency -RF (analog) Base- band (digital) Upper layers (2,3...) • Adaptation to the medium. • Information protection. • Sharing resources. • Signal generation. • Interface between RF and upper layers. • Evaluation and compensation of channel distortions. • …...........................................................
  18. 37 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  19. 38 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  20. 39 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  21. 40 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. PHY (1) TX
  22. 41 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) PHY (1) TX
  23. 42 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) PHY (1) TX
  24. 43 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX
  25. 44 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX
  26. 45 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  27. 46 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  28. 47 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 2 Performance (2)
  29. 48 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 2 Performance (2)
  30. 49 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 3 Performance (3)
  31. 50 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 3 Performance (3) Design & evaluation: Information Theory (Block 2)
  32. 51 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  33. 52 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  34. 53 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially.
  35. 54 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. PHY (1) RX
  36. 55 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) PHY (1) RX
  37. 56 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) PHY (1) RX
  38. 57 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX
  39. 58 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX
  40. 59 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  41. 60 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  42. 61 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  43. 62 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 1 Performance (1)
  44. 63 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 3 Performance (3)
  45. 64 Digital Communications: introduction • NOTE: conceptually separated operations. –

    Implementation may be done jointly instead of sequentially. Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX CHANNEL 2 Performance (2) CHANNEL 1 Performance (1) CHANNEL 3 Performance (3) Design & evaluation: Information Theory (Block 2)
  46. 66 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Source Destination
  47. 67 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Encryption Source Destination
  48. 68 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Encryption Source coding Source Destination
  49. 69 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Encryption Source coding Source Destination
  50. 70 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Source Destination
  51. 71 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source Destination
  52. 72 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source decoding Source Destination
  53. 73 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source decoding Source Destination
  54. 74 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source decoding Source Destination Block 2
  55. 75 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source decoding Source Destination Block 2
  56. 76 Digital Communications: introduction • Additional operations at the PHY.

    Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Modulation Modulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel coding Channel coding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) TX Distortion Noise Limitations Medium access Medium access (Block 4) (Block 4) Demodulation Demodulation (CT & Block 2) (CT & Block 2) Channel Channel decoding decoding (Block 3) (Block 3) PHY (1) RX Encryption Source coding Decryption Source decoding Source Destination Block 2 Basic hypothesis: equiprobable binary sequence P(b=0)=P(b=1)=0.5
  57. 77 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization.
  58. 78 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude
  59. 79 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0
  60. 80 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0 Available power
  61. 81 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0 Available power Transmission rate
  62. 82 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0 Bandwidth Available power Transmission rate
  63. 83 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0 Bandwidth Available power Transmission rate Error probability
  64. 84 Digital Communications: introduction • Design and performance criteria/parameters. –

    Already known for those familiar with Comunication Theory. – They are evaluated for each level/layer, point to point. – Basic issue: limitations and tradeoffs → optimization. iDude SNR, Eb/N0 Bandwidth Available power Transmission rate Error probability Distortion Interference
  65. 87 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max
  66. 88 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ...
  67. 89 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max R 2 SNR 2 BW 2 ... R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ...
  68. 90 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max …...... R 2 SNR 2 BW 2 ... R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ... R n SNR n BW n ...
  69. 91 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max …...... R 2 SNR 2 BW 2 ... R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ... R n SNR n BW n ... …...... R' 2 SNR' 2 BW' 2 ... R' 1 SNR' 1 BW' 1 ... R' n SNR' n BW' n ...
  70. 92 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max …...... R 2 SNR 2 BW 2 ... R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ... R n SNR n BW n ... …...... R' 2 SNR' 2 BW' 2 ... R' 1 SNR' 1 BW' 1 ... R' n SNR' n BW' n ... SHARE AND MANAGE LIMITED RESOURCES
  71. 93 MEDIUM Digital Communications: introduction Medium access Medium access (TX)

    (TX) Medium access Medium access (RX) (RX) R max ________ SNR ____ Allowed interference ____ Reliability ____ BW max ____ P max …...... R 2 SNR 2 BW 2 ... R 1 SNR 1 BW 1 ... R n SNR n BW n ... …...... R' 2 SNR' 2 BW' 2 ... R' 1 SNR' 1 BW' 1 ... R' n SNR' n BW' n ... SHARE AND MANAGE LIMITED RESOURCES Information Theory
  72. 97 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod
  73. 98 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod
  74. 99 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod
  75. 100 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod P b (e) _____ Eb/N0 _____ R b
  76. 101 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod P b (e) _____ Eb/N0 _____ R b ADAPT SIGNALS TO THE CHANNEL AND IMPROVE PERFORMANCE
  77. 102 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Modulation Modulation (TX) (TX) Demodulation

    Demodulation (RX) (RX) R mod ____ SNR ____ Es/N0 ____ P s (e) ____ BW mod ____ P mod P b (e) _____ Eb/N0 _____ R b ADAPT SIGNALS TO THE CHANNEL AND IMPROVE PERFORMANCE Information Theory
  78. 106 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b
  79. 107 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b
  80. 108 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b
  81. 109 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b P' b (e)<P b (e) _____ Eb/N0(in) _____ R' b <R b
  82. 110 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b P' b (e)<P b (e) _____ Eb/N0(in) _____ R' b <R b PROTECT INFORMATION INTEGRITY AT THE COST OF DATA RATE
  83. 111 CHANNEL Digital Communications: introduction Channel coding Channel coding (TX)

    (TX) Channel Channel decoding decoding (RX) (RX) P b (e) ________ Eb/N0(out) ____ R b P' b (e)<P b (e) _____ Eb/N0(in) _____ R' b <R b PROTECT INFORMATION INTEGRITY AT THE COST OF DATA RATE Information Theory
  84. 141 Digital Communications: introduction • It is important to discern

    – Abstract operations / layers (“divide and conquer”). – HW implementation. • Recall always – Basic scheme of Digital Communications. – Design and evaluation parameters. – Concepts from Communication Theory and Signals and Systems. • Main purpose: – Given some resources, and some target conditions and target performance, manage to evaluate and/or design the appropriate subsystems.