REST 6+4=9の制約

このスライドは書籍「RESTful Web APIs」の付録の中でMike Amundsen氏が
Fielding博士のREST論文を「An API Designer’s Guide to the Fielding Dissertation」
として紹介している箇所の解説です。

RESTful Web APIs
https://amzn.to/2FSF0HD

Transcript

1. 3&45  ͷ੍໿
 
   
 ܊ࢁতਔ
   
 https://twitter.com/koriym
3. http://www.nextnature.net/2009/12/the-playboy-interview-marshall-mcluhan/ Marshall McLuhan
 (1911-1980)
4. –ϚʔγϟϧɾϚΫϧʔϋϯ l୭͕ਫΛൃݟͨ͠ͷ͔஌Βͳ͍͕ɺ
 ͦΕ͕ڕͰͳ͍͜ͱ͚ͩ͸͔֬ͩz
5. https://www.ics.uci.edu/~fielding/pubs/dissertation/top.htm ΞʔΩςΫνϟελΠϧͱωοτϫʔΫϕʔεͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭɻത࢜࿦จɺΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶΞʔόΠϯߍɺ2000೥
7. http://restfulwebapis.com/
9. http://roy.gbiv.com/untangled/2008/rest-apis-must-be-hypertext-driven
10. •REST API͸ݻఆͷϦιʔε໊΍֊૚Λఆٛͯ͠͸ͳΓ·ͤΜ •Ϧιʔεͷදݱ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷۦಈʹ࢖༻͞ΕΔ ϝσΟΞλΠϓͷఆٛɺ·ͨ͸طଘͷඪ४ϝσΟΞλΠϓʹର ͢Δ֦ுϦϨʔγϣϯ໊΍ϋΠύʔςΩετରԠϚʔΫΞο ϓͷఆٛʹɺͦͷهड़తͳ౒ྗͷ΄ͱΜͲ͢΂ͯΛඅ΍͢ඞ ཁ͕͋Γ·͢
11. https://twitter.com/fielding/status/376835835670167552
12. https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf
13. w ௿͍ࢀೖোน
    w ֦ுੑ
    w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ
    w Πϯλʔωοτن໛ 8FCͷ੒ޭཁҼͱͯ͠ͷ
 ͭͷॏཁͳ8FCͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷಛੑ
14. ௿͍ࢀೖোน w 8FCϒϥ΢βʹϚχϡΞϧ͸ෆཁ
    w ςΩετΤσΟλͰΦʔαϦϯάՄೳɺઃஔ΋؆୯
15. ֦ுੑ w มΘΓଓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
    w ֦ுੑ͕ͳ͍ͱʁγεςϜ͸Ұ౓͔͠σΟϓϩΠͰ͖ͣɺ৽͍͠ཁ݅ͷͨ ΊʹγεςϜΛ࡞Γ௚͞ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ
16. ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ w දݱ΍੍ޚ৘ใ͸ϦϞʔτʹ͋Δɻมߋʹ͸αʔόʔͷೝূ͕ඞཁɻ
    w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞͷݪଇɿ
    w σʔλʹΑͬͯ͋ͳ͕ͨԿΛͰ͖Δ͔ʹ͍ͭͯͷࢦࣔΛड͚औΓʢʮϓϨθϯςʔ γϣϯͱ੍ޚ৘ใʯʣɺͦΕΛσʔλࣗମͱಉ͡Α͏ʹѻ͍·͢ɻαʔό͸ɺͦͷ͢ ΂ͯΛ୲౰͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ
    w ϦιʔεؒͷϦϯΫʢ҆શͳભҠʣɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛมߋʢ҆શͰͳ͍ભҠʣΛड͚औ ΔɻʢγεςϜ͸μΠφϛοΫʹมߋՄೳʣ
    w ֎෦ʹ࣋ͯ͹ɺαʔόʔͷಈ࡞͕มΘΕ͹ΫϥΞΠϯτ͕յΕқ͘ͳΔɻΫϥΠΞϯτ Λյͣ͞ʹαʔόʔͷಈ࡞Λม͑ΒΕͳ͍ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺʹ֦ுੑ͕ͳ͍
17. Πϯλʔωοτن໛ w ແடংͳεέʔϥϏϦςΟ
    w ಠཱͨ͠഑උ
18. "1*
    ˺
    8FC w ਓ͕͍ؒͳ͍
    
    ηϚϯςΟοΫΪϟοϓͷൃੜ
    w ࢀೖোนΛ௿͘͢Δ؆୯ͳํ๏͸ɺʮ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞʯಛੑΛࣺͯ ͯɺਓ͕ؒಡΊΔจষͰࣄલʹγεςϜΛهड़͢Δ͜ͱ
    
    ֦ுੑɺΠϯ λʔωοτεέʔϧͷ૕ࣦ
19. "1*
    ˺
    8FC w ௿͍ࢀೖোน
    
    ֦ுੑ
    w શͯͷΫϥΠΞϯτΛҰ౓ʹมߋ͢ΔඞཁɻΠϯλʔωοτن໛͸ͳ͘ͳ Δɻ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞͳ͠ɻʢࣾ಺"1*ʣ
    w Πϯλʔωοτن໛
    
    ௿͍ࢀೖোน
    w ֦ுੑͱ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛఘΊΔ
    ʢݱࡏͷओྲྀʣ
    w ֦ுੑͱΠϯλʔωοτن໛
    w ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛ࢖͍ɺ௿͍ࢀೖোน͸ࣦ͏
20. ϑΟʔϧσΟϯά੍໿ ̒ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ɹʴɹ̐ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷ੍໿
 
 ʹ
    ͷ੍໿
    
    ؚ·ΕΔͨΊ਺͑ํʹΑΔ
    
21. ̐ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͷ੍໿ w Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ 63*
    w දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞
    w ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ
    w ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿
22. ϝιουͷࣄ
    Ͱ͸ͳ͍ w l౷ҰΠϯλʔϑΣΠεͱ͸৘ใͷૢ࡞ʢऔಘɾ࡞੒ɾߋ৽ɾ࡟আʣ͸౷Ұ ͞Εͨ)551ϝιουʢ(&5ɾ1045ɾ165ɾ%&-&5&ʣͰߦΘΕΔࣄz
 
    ؒҧ͍
    w 3&45
    "1*
    
    $36%
    PWFS
    )551
    w l.PEFM
    "DUJPOT
    /PU
    %BUBz
    
    TUPSBHFBTBTFSWJDF
    w 63*͸͓Խহ
    w lऴΘΓͳ͖63*ٞ࿦z͸3&45ͱ͸ແؔ܎ 2007 2010
23. • ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɿ ͜ͷ੍໿͸ RESTful API ͷઃܭͷத֩Ͱ͋Γɺ4 ͭͷଆ໘ΛؚΈ·͢ɻ
 ◦ཁٻʹΑΔϦιʔεࣝผɿ Ϧιʔε͸ཁٻͰࣝผ͞ΕɺΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ͞ΕΔදݱͱ͸ผͰ͢ɻ
 ◦දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞ɿ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ϦιʔεΛදݱ͢ΔϑΝΠϧΛड͚औΓ·͢ɻ͜ΕΒͷදݱ ʹ͸ɺमਖ਼΍࡟আΛՄೳʹ͢Δͷʹे෼ͳ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕ඞཁͰ͢ɻ
 ◦ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδɿ ΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ͞ΕΔ֤ϝοηʔδʹ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕৘ใΛͲͷΑ͏ ʹॲཧ͢΂͖͔Λهड़͢Δे෼ͳ৘ใؚ͕·Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ
 ◦ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷΤϯδϯͱͯ͠ͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞɿ ϦιʔεʹΞΫηεͨ͠ޙɺREST Ϋϥ ΠΞϯτ͸ɺݱࡏར༻Մೳͳଞͷ͢΂ͯͷΞΫγϣϯΛϋΠύʔϦϯΫΛ௨ͯ͡ݟ͚ͭΒΕΔඞཁ͕͋ Γ·͢ɻ
 https://www.redhat.com/ja/topics/api/what-are-application-programming-interfaces
24. 
    Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ w ඇதԝγεςϜ
    w Ϧιʔεͷ*%
    
    63*
    w ❎
    ୯Ұͷ63*ʹଟ͘ͷϦιʔεঢ়ଶ
    ʢయܕతϨετϥϯαΠτʣ
25. දݱʹΑΔϦιʔεૢ࡞ w Ϧιʔε
    
    දݱՄೳͳԿͰ΋
    w දݱͷ࣮ଶ͸όΠτྻ
    zA representation is a sequence of bytes” 
 ʢ= ωοτϫʔΫͰసૹՄೳʣ w ඪ४Խ͞ΕͨHTTPϝιουʢGETͱPOSTʣͷηοτΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ަޓʹ දݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯϦιʔεΛૢ࡞
26. ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ w )551ϝοηʔδ͸ड৴ऀ͕ཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใΛؚΉ
    w $POUFOU5ZQF
    ΍
    -JOL
    ϔομɺzϓϩϑΝΠϧz΁ͷࢀর
    w Ωϟογϡ৘ใ
    w ࣦഊ
    w )551
    
    )PTUϔομʔ͕ͳ͍
    w )551
    
    ϦΫΤετ͕෼͔Βͳ͍

27. w )ZQFSNFEJB
    BT
    UIF
    FOHJOF
    PG
    BQQMJDBUJPO
    TUBUF
    )"5&0"4
    ϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶ͸ΫϥΠΞϯτଆʹอ࣋͞ΕΔɻΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛมߋ͢Δͷ͸Ϋϥ ΠΞϯτͷ੹೚ɻ
    ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ɺ)551ϦΫΤετΛߦͬͯϨεϙϯεΛॲཧ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯͷΈɺͦͷΞϓ Ϧέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶΛมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
    ࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯ͸දݱͷதͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧʹ͋Δ
    
    ͭ·ΓɺϋΠύʔϝσΟΞίϯτϩʔϧ͸ɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷมԽͷݪಈྗ ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿
28. w ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό
    
    w εςʔτϨεੑ
    w Ωϟογϡ
    
    w ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔεɹ ͭͷΠϯλʔϑΣΠε੍໿ʣ
    w ֊૚ԽγεςϜ
    w ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ ̒ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿
29. https://www.ca.com/content/dam/ca/jp/files/ebook/a-guide-to-rest-and-api-design.pdf
30. /6--੍໿ w ੍໿͕ଘࡏͤͣίϯϙʔωϯτΛִͯΔ΋ͷ͕ͳ͍ঢ়ଶ
    w ̎ͭͷઃܭͷϓϩηε
    w ίϯϙʔωϯτ͔Βߏஙɺ૑଄ੑͱແݶͷϏδϣϯΛڧௐ
    w ઃܭۭؒΛ۠ผ੍͠໿Λద༻͢Δɺ཈੍ͱཧղΛڧௐɹ ˡ
    3&45ʣ
31. ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό w 74
    ΠϕϯτͷϒϩʔυΩϟετͱ๣ड
32. εςʔτϨεੑ w ϦΫΤετؒ͸ແؔ܎
    w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯঢ়ଶͷҰ෦͕ͱͯ΋ॏཁͰɺαʔό͕ؾʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋ Δ৔߹͸ɺͦΕ͸Ϧιʔεঢ়ଶʹͳΔ΂͖ɻʢ63*Λ௥Ճʣ
    w $PPLJF͸ҧ൓ɹ
    ڞ༗Ωϟογϡ͕࢖͑ͳ͘ͳΓɺεέʔϥϏϦςΟ͕௿ Լ͢Δɻ
33. Ωϟογϡ w ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ੍໿
    
    εςʔτϨε੍໿
    
    w l5IF
    CFTU
    BQQMJDBUJPO
    QFSGPSNBODF
    JT
    PCUBJOFE
    CZ
    OPU
    VTJOH
    UIF
    OFUXPSLz
36. NBYBHF
37. Server (&5
    CPPL
 "DDFQU-BOHVBHF
    +"
    + $BDIF$POUSPMF
    NBYBHF
    7BSZ
    "DDFQU-BOHVBHF (&5
    CPPL
 "DDFQU-BOHVBHF
    +"
    ඵ༗ޮ
38. Server (&5
    CPPL
 "DDFQU-BOHVBHF
    +"
    + $BDIF$POUSPMF
    NBYBHF
    7BSZ
    "DDFQU-BOHVBHF (&5
    CPPL
 "DDFQU-BOHVBHF
    &/
    & $BDIF$POUSPMF
    NBYBHF
    7BSZ
    "DDFQU-BOHVBHF
39. ৚݅෇͖ϦΫΤετ
    
40. Server (&5
    DBU &5BH
     (&5
    DBU
 *G/POF.BUDI
     
    /PU
    .PEJpFE  
41. Server (&5
    DBU &5BH
     (&5
    DBU
 *G/POF.BUDI
     
    0,
    &UBH
      
42. 1VCMJD
    $BDIF
43. $  Server (&5
    DBU  (&5
    DBU $BDIF$POUSPMF
    QVCMJD 
 NBYBHF
44. Ωϟογϡઃܭ w 55-
    
    &5BH
    w QVCMJD
    
    QSJWBUF
    
    w OPDBDIF
    PS
    OPTUPSF
    
45. ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔε w 
    ΞυϨεՄೳੑɺදݱΛ௨ͨ͠Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞ɺࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔ δɺͦͯ͠ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿
    w ʮେ͖ͳཻ౓ͷϋΠύʔϝσΟΞσʔλసૹʯ໰୊
    w ߴ͍ϨΠςϯγͷʮ͓͠Ό΂Γʯ"1*໰୊
46. ֊૚ԽγεςϜ w )551γεςϜͷதͷ
    ίϯϙʔωϯτ
    w $4
    ͷଞʹϓϩΩγͱήʔτ΢ΣΠ
    w ಁ໌ͳૢ࡞
47. ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ w Ϧιʔεͷॲཧͷϊ΢ϋ΢
    w ΋͠μ΢ϯϩʔυ͕ඞཁͳݴޠͩͬͨΒʁ
    ֦ுੑͷഁյ
    w Մࢹੑͷܽ೗
    w ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞΛར༻ͨ͠ίʔυ͸յΕʹ͍͘ɻ
50. 8FCͷ੒ޭཁҼ ௿͍ࢀೖোน WebΛ࢖͏ํ๏ΛֶͿͷ͸؆୯ͰɺWebαΠτΛߏங͢Δͷ΋؆୯Ͱ͢ɻ ֦ுੑ ݸʑͷWebαΠτ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτΛյ͢͜ͱͳ͘ɺҰ൩Ͱมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ਺े೥ʹΘ ͨͬͯɺWebͷશମ͸େ෯ʹมߋ͞Ε·͕͢ɺجૅͱͳΔٕज़͸͢΂ͯ͋·ΓมԽ͠·ͤΜɻ ෼ࢄϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕αʔόͷσʔλͰͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯͷ৘ใ͸ɺσʔλͱಉ͡৔ॴʹอ࣋͞Εͯɺಉ ͡υΩϡϝϯτͰΫϥΠΞϯτʹૹ৴͞Ε·͢ɻ Πϯλʔωοτن໛ γεςϜͷ෦෼ಉ࢜ʹ௕ظతͳؔ܎͸ͳ͘ɺҟͳΔ෦෼͸ҟͳΔ଎౓ͰมԽͰ͖·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com
51. ͭͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ ΫϥΠΞϯτʗαʔό Webͷશͯͷ௨৴͸ɺ1ର1Ͱ͢ɻ εςʔτϨε ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ݱࡏϦΫΤετΛߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ͱ͖͸ɺαʔό͸ͦͷଘࡏΛ஌Γ·ͤΜɻ Ωϟογϡ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸Ωϟογϡ͔ΒҎલͷϨεϙϯεΛ࠶ར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺωοτϫʔΫ্ͷҠಈΛอଘ͢Δ͜ͱ ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ֊૚ԽγεςϜ ϓϩΩγͷΑ͏ͳ஥հऀ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόͷؒʹݟ͑ͳ͍Α͏ʹૠೖ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ ίʔυΦϯσϚϯυ αʔό͸ɺσʔλʹՃ࣮͑ͯߦՄೳͳίʔυΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͜ͷίʔυ͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ϦΫ Τετͨ͠ͱ͖ʹࣗಈతʹ഑උ͞ΕɺͦΕ͕มߋ͞Εͨ৔߹͸ࣗಈతʹ࠶഑උ͞Ε·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com
52. ͭͷΠϯλϑΣʔε੍໿ Ϧιʔεͷࣝผ ֤Ϧιʔε͸ɺมΘΒͳ͍URIʹΑͬͯࣝผ͞Ε·͢ɻ දݱΛ௨ͨ͠Ϧιʔεͷૢ࡞ αʔό͸ΫϥΠΞϯτʹදݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛઆ໌͠·͢ɻΫϥΠΞϯτ͸αʔό ʹදݱΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺϦιʔεঢ়ଶΛૢ࡞͠·͢ɻ ࣗݾهड़తϝοηʔδ ϦΫΤετ΍ϨεϙϯεϝοηʔδΛཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹඞཁͳ͢΂ͯͷ৘ใ͸ɺϝοηʔδࣗ਎ʹؚ·Εͯ ͍·͢ʢ͋Δ͍͸ɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ϦϯΫ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ʣɻ ϋΠύʔϝσΟΞ੍໿ αʔό͸ɺΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ࣗ༝ʹબ୒͢ΔΦϓγϣϯΛؚΉϋΠύʔϝσΟΞʮϝχϡʔʯΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ ʹΑΓɺΫϥΠΞϯτͷঢ়ଶΛૢ࡞͠·͢ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com
53. "1*ઃܭઓུ 1.γεςϜ͕࣋ͭͱΑͦ͞͏ͳ͢΂ͯͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷಛੑΛॻ͖ཹΊ·͢ɻ
 2.ͦΕΒͷϓϩύςΟͷதͰຊ౰ʹඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠Δ΋ͷͱɺ٘ਜ਼ʹͯ͠΋Α͍΋ͷΛߟ͑·͢ɻ
 3.ຊ౰ʹඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠ΔಛੑΛγεςϜʹ༩͑ΔΑ͏ͳɺΞʔΩςΫνϟ੍໿ͷηοτΛݟ͚ͭ·͢ɻ
 4.ͦͷ੍໿Λ۩ݱԽ͢ΔͨΊʹҰॹʹಈ͘ϓϩτίϧͱଞͷඪ४ͷηοτΛઃܭ͠·͢ʢHTTPɺ URIɺHTMLɺJavaScriptʣɻ
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 ͦͯ͠ɺ͜Ε͸௕ظతͳϓϩδΣΫτͰ͢ɻࢲͨͪ͸ɺҰൠతͳϋΠύʔϝσΟΞλΠϓ΍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯηϚϯςΟΫεͷڞ௨ ηοτΛ࢖༻͢Δͱ͍͏ڠఆʹΑͬͯɺΑΓݡ͍ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦΛ࢖ͬͯࢀೖোนΛԼ͛Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ͔͠͠ɺࢲ ͕֦ͨͪுੑ΍Πϯλʔωοτن໛Λ์غͨ͠ͳΒɺͦΕΒΛऔΓ໭͢͜ͱ͸ܾͯ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ http://restfulwebapis.com
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