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Kotlin for the Pragmatic Functionalist

pakoito
November 03, 2017

Kotlin for the Pragmatic Functionalist

Many people are migrating their backends to Kotlin from other JVM languages, lured by the simplicity and expressivity of the language. The Android community embraced it even before release because it healed many longstanding wounds.

So, what can a functional programmer find when migrating to Kotlin? In this talk we'll cover several of the common constructs that are part of any functional stack and how they have already been introduced into the language.

For the people interested in infrastructure, we will also go through some design choices and limitations that JetBrains provided to keep Kotlin within a sane range of pragmatism.

Kategory: http://kategory.io

pakoito

November 03, 2017
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  1. @pacoworks Kotlin logo: © 2015-present - JetBrains KotlinConf logo: ©

    2017 - JetBrains Kategory logo: © 2017–present - The Kategory maintainers ReasonML logo: © 2015–present - Facebook Inc. Flow logo: © 2014–present - Facebook Inc. 2 Special thanks to Facebook for allowing me to work on this on my spare time. Kategory is not an internal Facebook project, nor it is an incubator. It is an external project of community contributors. In any case facebookers are bunch of devs excited about Kotlin too!
  2. @pacoworks Our community goal Use of Kotlin in JS, Native,

    JVM One codebase for mobile, backend, frontend Same idioms across languages and ecosystems 4 The objective of this talk is to give you a peek bleeding edge technologies for Kotlin, and what future language features will look like.
  3. @pacoworks Where is Kotlin today What are we bringing into

    the ecosystem Where would we like to be 5
  4. @pacoworks Key cornerstones Data classes, sealed classes Inliner Extension functions

    Type aliases Enhanced resolution of generic parameters 7
  5. @pacoworks Data & sealed classes Plain information Stores specifics Closed

    and immutable by default 8 Pure behavior Indicates branching in execution Checked at compile time Data Sealed
  6. @pacoworks Inliner Copies a function in its call site Inline

    functions’ body is copied at compile time All call sites with static dispatch are known at compile time Enables runtime generics 9 Reified
  7. @pacoworks Extension functions Converts static functions into object methods All

    call sites with static dispatch are known at compile time Can extend just for specific generic parameters 10
  8. @pacoworks Key features Extension Interfaces Ad-hoc polymorphism for generic type

    constructors Imperative async code Smarter boilerplate removal 12
  9. @pacoworks Extension Interfaces Implement any interface for already existing types

    Use the extension interface as a parameter WIP: automatic extension interface lookup 13 Extension protocols
  10. @pacoworks Extension Interface Jsonable interface Jsonable<T> { fun toJson(T element):

    String fun fromJson(String json): T } fun <T> jsonable(): Jsonable<T> = // lookup code 14
  11. @pacoworks Extension Interface Jsonable object EmployeeJsonable: Jsonable<Employee> { val gson

    = Gson() fun toJson(Employee element): String = gson.toJsonString(element) fun fromJson(String json): Employee = gson.fromJsonString(json) } 15
  12. @pacoworks Extension Interface Jsonable fun parser( company: Company, parser: Jsonable<Company>

    = jsonable<Company>() ): String = parser.toJson(company) 16 Note the lookup code And if this seems like a lot of work, we have a KEEP to integrate a simpler version in the language
  13. @pacoworks KEEP-87 17 Introduce Extension Interfaces into the language under

    the name “Type Classes” Compile time lookup & injection Aim for parity with Swift’s Extension Protocols
  14. @pacoworks Ad-hoc polymorphism for generic type constructors Functions that support

    any generic type constructor Express agnosticity to implementation Safe downcast from generic to implementation 18
  15. @pacoworks Generic type constructor interface Hk<F, A> F is the

    type of the container A is the type of the content 19 We’re going to replace the F
  16. @pacoworks Generic constructor implementations sealed class Option<A>: Hk<OptionHK, A> data

    class ListWrap<A>(…): Hk<ListWrapHK, A> sealed class Try<A> : Hk<TryHK, A> F becomes a “tag” type A remains as the type of the content 20
  17. @pacoworks Extension Interface Factory interface Factory<F> { fun <A> create(element:

    A): Hk<F, A> } fun <T> factory(): Factory<T> = // lookup code 22
  18. @pacoworks Polymorphism for generic type constructors fun <F> getUserById( id:

    String, factory: Factory<F> = factory<F>() ): Hk<F, User> = factory.create(getUser(id)) 23 How do I convert that F back to a real value?
  19. @pacoworks Safely downcasting generic containers 24 Extension functions can be

    defined to require just some of the generic parameters Extension functions are resolved at compile time
  20. @pacoworks Safely downcasting generic containers 25 fun <A> Hk<OptionHK, A>.ev()

    = this as Option<A> fun <A> Hk<TryHK, A>.ev() = this as Try<A>
  21. @pacoworks Ad-hoc polymorphism for generic constructors 26 val a: Option<User>

    = getUserById(“123”).ev() val b: Try<User> = getUserById(“123”).ev() Lookup overhead: O(1) after first lookup. Ideally it should be 0 because the compiler does it for us.
  22. @pacoworks Ad-hoc polymorphism for generic constructors 27 object OptionFactory: Factory<OptionHK>

    { fun <A> create(element: A): Hk<OptionHK, A> = Option.Some(a) } object TryFactory: Factory<TryHK> { fun <A> create(element: A): Hk<TryHK, A> = Try { a } } <-- global lookup!
  23. @pacoworks KindedJ 28 Initiative to share generic type constructors under

    the name “Higher Kinded Types” We’re speaking with other FP libraries for Java & eta-lang
  24. @pacoworks Imperative async code Express asynchronous sequential and parallel execution

    as if they were synchronous For any existing framework and abstraction 29
  25. @pacoworks Regular async code 30 fun <F> getUserFriends( id: String

    ): Observable<List<User>> = getUserById(id).flatMap { user -> Observable.merge( user.friends.map { friend -> getUserById(friend.id) } ).toList() }
  26. @pacoworks Imperative async code 31 fun <F> getUserFriends( id: String,

    coroutinable: Coroutinable<F> = coroutinable<F>() ): Hk<F, List<User>> = coroutinable.bindingE { val user = getUserById(id).bind() val friendProfiles = user.friends.map { getUserById(it.id).bind() } yields(friendProfiles) }
  27. @pacoworks Ad-hoc polymorphism for imperative async code 32 val a:

    Either<Exception, List<User>> = getUserFriends(“123”).ev() val b: Try<List<User>> = getUserFriends(“123”).ev() val c: ObservableKW<List<User>> = getUserFriends(“123”).ev() val d: IO<List<User>> = getUserFriends(“123”).ev()
  28. @pacoworks Effects with MonadError Thin Extension Interface that can be

    implemented by any existing framework & abstraction With error handling, stack safety, threading & cancellation out of the box Current integrations: RxJava, kotlin.coroutines, IO Potential integrations: CompletableFuture, kotlinx.coroutines, AsyncTask, ArchComponents, Kovenant… 34
  29. @pacoworks Implementations in Kategory Error handling: Option, Try, Validated, Either,

    Ior Collections: List, Sequence, Map, Set RWS: Reader, Writer, State Transformers: ReaderT, WriterT, OptionT, StateT, EitherT Evaluation: Eval, Trampoline, Free, Function0 Others: Coproduct, Coreader, Const... 35 What if I want my own?
  30. @pacoworks Smarter boilerplate removal 36 Eugenio Marletti’s collaboration & mentorship

    Generate boilerplate for all the features show using annotations
  31. @pacoworks Bye bye boring code 37 Generic constructors @higherkind Extension

    Interfaces @derives @instance Manipulation of immutable data & sealed classes kategory-optics by Simon Vergauwen So how did we reach this point?
  32. @pacoworks Challenges & Pitfalls IDE resolution of deeply nested generics

    Scopes with ambiguity for `it` and `this` Reified generics are “contagious” Unexpected behavior caused by inlining Generics and interoperating with Java Error recovery in coroutines 38 And many more, come talk to us!
  33. @pacoworks Bring your tools in Threading Databases Network Error Handling

    Reactive Programming 42 Parsers Compilers Static analyzers UI frameworks Math & statistics
  34. @pacoworks Bring your tools in Threading Databases Network Error Handling

    Reactive Programming 43 Parsers Compilers Static analyzers UI frameworks Math & statistics Data science Machine learning Videogames Computer vision Serialization
  35. @pacoworks Bring your tools in Threading Databases Network Error Handling

    Reactive Programming 44 Parsers Compilers Static analyzers UI frameworks Math & statistics Data science Machine learning Videogames Computer vision Serialization Category Theory Web frameworks New Architectures Package management Collection libraries Stream pipelines
  36. @pacoworks Kategory: kategory.io Introduction to Kategory: tinyurl.com/KatIntro KEEP-87: github.com/Kotlin/KEEP/pull/87 Gitter:

    gitter.im/kategory #kategory in KotlinLang #kategory in ASG pacoworks.com @pacoworks github.com/pakoito Slides: tinyurl.com/FunKotlinSF17 46 Special thanks to all Kategory contributors & supporters!