Adaptive Availability

Techniques for building systems that adapt to adversarial conditions.

Transcript

1. Sometimes (most times) down and out is better than slow. Adaptive Availability for Quality of Service
2. A new world order Slow ≅ Byzantine In most modern systems, users perceive:
 
 “slow is the new down.” In most distributed systems:
 
 “slow is indistinguishable from byzantine operations.”
3. We had to be “very sure” in the Days of Failover Primary : Replica system usually have non-zero operational costs in performance failover. • dataloss (in asynchronous systems) • operational downtime • operational rebuild time (reversing the flows)
4. For well-designed, available systems, Constraints Have Changed Deciding to fail a node is no longer a “last resort” decision.
5. What do I mean by well-designed? The failure of a node does not cause • service interruption • significant performance regressions The recovery of a node does not cause • unnecessary work (only minimal replay) • significant performance regressions
6. A brief tangent on an Anecdotal Design Active feedback on replay performance
7. Snowth design ❖ Need: zero-downtime ❖ Know: Agreement is hard. ❖ Know: Consensus is expensive. ❖ CAP theorem tradeoffs suck. ❖ CRDT (Commutative Replicated Data Type) n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6
8. n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4
9. n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4 o1
10. n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4 o1
11. n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4
12. n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4 Availability
 Zone 1 Availability
 Zone 2
13. o1 n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4 Availability
 Zone 1 Availability
 Zone 2
14. Availability
 Zone 1 Availability
 Zone 2 o1 n1-1 n1-2 n1-3 n1-4 n2-1 n2-2 n2-3 n2-4 n3-1 n3-2 n3-3 n3-4 n4-1 n4-2 n4-3 n4-4 n5-1 n5-2 n5-3 n5-4 n6-1 n6-2 n6-3 n6-4
15. A look at adaptive algorithms in Replication How do you choose the right unit of work for tasks?
16. What does it sound like when a system Backfires Batch it faster than single ops • less latency impact • less transactional overhead What with QoS enforcement & circuit breakers? Flogging TCP (and everything else) can teach us something.
17. This provides us Opportunities What if we had relative homogeny of
 systems and workloads?
18. Some problems get easier Simplified Outlier Detection If there is an implicit assumption that machines behave similarly,
 
 then it becomes much easier to determine when they fail to do so.
20. New things become possible Predicting Future Conditions With higher volume data,
 
 statistical models offer higher confidence.
21. We have better tools now that high-volume data isn’t intimidating: Better insight That hairline contains >9MM samples. Histogram shown. 4 modes… WTF?
22. It takes good understanding of statistics to ask the right questions. Misleading yourself This is a q(0.99) — 99th percentile. It obviously goes off the rails around 1am. No.
23. It takes good understanding of statistics to ask the right questions. Measuring what matters Instead of measuring
 “how slow transaction are”
 
 we measure
 “how many transactions are too slow” Condition
24. We have a new tool in the tool chest: Intentionally Failing Nodes When nodes are cattle, not pets…
25. Expect more from you systems. Thank You You can observe better, know more, don’t settle.