Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
E716_lec10
Search
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Education
0
490
E716_lec10
7th Year, Integrated Technical Education Cluster AlAmeeria
lec#10, Mobile Communication Systems
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Ahmad El-Banna
See All by Ahmad El-Banna
E716_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
0
1.5k
J601_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
1
870
E716_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
1
540
J601_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
0
890
J601_lec10
ahmad_elbanna
1
900
E716_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
620
J601_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
490
J601_lec08.pdf
ahmad_elbanna
1
1k
E716_lec08
ahmad_elbanna
0
390
Other Decks in Education
See All in Education
あきた地域課題解決インターンMarch2025
toyodome
0
350
小学校プログラミング教育、次の5年に向けて 〜つくること・学ぶことの歓びへ〜 /NextGenerationOfProgrammingEducation
kiriem
2
410
諸外国の理科カリキュラムにおけるビッグアイデアの構造比較
arumakan
0
140
Tips for the Presentation - Lecture 2 - Advanced Topics in Big Data (4023256FNR)
signer
PRO
0
240
家族をスクラムチームに! アジャイルで取り組む家事と育児 | Install Scrum to Family
coosuke
PRO
1
240
教員向け生成AI講座 ~基礎から応用まで~
luiyoshida
0
350
探究的な学び:Monaca Educationで学ぶプログラミングとちょっとした課題解決
asial_edu
0
250
Why Did Douglass Change His Mind?
oripsolob
0
470
アジャイルやっていきを醸成する内製講座
nomuson
1
370
Monaca Education 活用事例セミナー:「年間通してMonaca Educationを活用する授業実践のご報告」
asial_edu
0
240
Analysis and Validation - Lecture 4 - Information Visualisation (4019538FNR)
signer
PRO
0
2k
生成AIと歩むこれからの大学
gmoriki
0
1.3k
Featured
See All Featured
Design and Strategy: How to Deal with People Who Don’t "Get" Design
morganepeng
129
19k
Building Flexible Design Systems
yeseniaperezcruz
328
38k
How STYLIGHT went responsive
nonsquared
99
5.4k
How to Create Impact in a Changing Tech Landscape [PerfNow 2023]
tammyeverts
51
2.4k
Code Review Best Practice
trishagee
67
18k
[RailsConf 2023] Rails as a piece of cake
palkan
53
5.4k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
267
13k
Visualizing Your Data: Incorporating Mongo into Loggly Infrastructure
mongodb
45
9.5k
CoffeeScript is Beautiful & I Never Want to Write Plain JavaScript Again
sstephenson
160
15k
How to Think Like a Performance Engineer
csswizardry
22
1.5k
Fantastic passwords and where to find them - at NoRuKo
philnash
51
3.1k
BBQ
matthewcrist
88
9.5k
Transcript
Lecture #10 Effects of Mobile Radio Propagation (p1) Instructor: Dr.
Ahmad El-Banna December 2014 E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria © Ahmad El-Banna 1
Agenda Types of waves Propagation Mechanisms Path Loss 2 E-716-A,
Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Speed, Wavelength, Frequency System Frequency Wavelength AC current 60 Hz
5,000 km FM radio 100 MHz 3 m Cellular 800 MHz 37.5 cm Ka band satellite 20 GHz 15 mm Ultraviolet light 1015 Hz 10-7 m Light speed = Wavelength x Frequency = 3 x 108 m/s = 300,000 km/s E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 3 3
4 Types of Waves Earth Sky wave Space wave Ground
wave Troposphere (0 - 12 km) Stratosphere (12 - 50 km) Mesosphere (50 - 80 km) Ionosphere (80 - 720 km) E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Radio Frequency Bands Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics Extremely
low ELF < 300 Hz Ground wave Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz Space wave Ultra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 5
6 Propagation Mechanisms • Reflection • Propagation wave impinges on
an object which is large as compared to wavelength - e.g., the surface of the Earth, buildings, walls, etc. • Diffraction • Radio path between transmitter and receiver obstructed by surface with sharp irregular edges • Waves bend around the obstacle, even when LOS (line of sight) does not exist • Scattering • Objects smaller than the wavelength of the propagation wave - e.g. foliage, street signs, lamp posts • Shadowing ! distance sender transmission detection interference E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
7 Radio Propagation Effects Transmitter d Receiver hb hm Diffracted
Signal Reflected Signal Direct Signal Building reflection scattering diffraction shadowing refraction E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Free-space Propagation • The received signal power at distance d:
where Pt is transmitting power, Ae is effective area, and Gt is the transmitting antenna gain. Assuming that the radiated power is uniformly distributed over the surface of the sphere. Transmitter Distance d Receiver hb hm 2 r 4 P d P G A t t e E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 8
9 Antenna Gain • For a circular reflector antenna Gain
G = ( D / )2 = net efficiency (depends on the electric field distribution over the antenna aperture, losses, ohmic heating , typically 0.55) D = diameter thus, G = ( D f /c )2, c = f (c is speed of light) Example: • Antenna with diameter = 2 m, frequency = 6 GHz, wavelength = 0.05 m G = 39.4 dB • Frequency = 14 GHz, same diameter, wavelength = 0.021 m G = 46.9 dB * Higher the frequency, higher the gain for the same size antenna E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
10 Land Propagation • The received signal power: where Gr
is the receiver antenna gain, L is the propagation loss in the channel, i.e., L = LP LS LF L P G G P t r t r Fast fading Slow fading Path loss E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
11 Path Loss (Free-space) • Definition of path loss LP
: Path Loss in Free-space: where fc is the carrier frequency. This shows greater the fc , more is the loss. , r t P P P L ), ( log 20 ) ( log 20 45 . 32 ) ( 10 10 km d MHz f dB L c PF E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
12 Path Loss (Land Propagation) • Simplest Formula: Lp =
A d-α where A and α: propagation constants d : distance between transmitter and receiver α : value of 3 ~ 4 in typical urban area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
13 Example of Path Loss (Free-space) Path Loss in Free-space
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance d (km) Path Loss Lf (dB) fc=150MHz fc=200MHz fc=400MHz fc=800MHz fc=1000MHz fc=1500MHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
14 Path Loss (Urban, Suburban and Open areas) • Urban
area: where • Suburban area: • Open area: ) ( log ) ( log 55 . 6 9 . 44 ) ( ) ( log 82 . 13 ) ( log 16 . 26 55 . 69 ) ( 10 10 10 10 km d m h m h m h MHz f dB L b m b c PU city medium small for MHz f for m h MHz f for m h city e l for MHz f m h MHz f m h c m c m c m c m & , 400 , 97 . 4 ) ( 75 . 11 log 2 . 3 200 , 1 . 1 ) ( 54 . 1 log 29 . 8 arg , 8 . 0 ) ( log 56 . 1 ) ( 7 . 0 ) ( log 1 . 1 ) ( 2 10 2 10 10 10 4 . 5 28 ) ( log 2 ) ( ) ( 2 10 MHz f dB L dB L c PU PS 94 . 40 ) ( log 33 . 18 ) ( log 78 . 4 ) ( ) ( 10 2 10 MHz f MHz f dB L dB L c c PU PO E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
15 Path Loss • Path loss in decreasing order: •
Urban area (large city) • Urban area (medium and small city) • Suburban area • Open area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
• For more details, refer to: • Chapter 2, A.
Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, 2004. • The lecture is available online at: • https://speakerdeck.com/ahmad_elbanna • For inquires, send to: •
[email protected]
16 E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna