Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
E716_lec10
Search
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Education
0
520
E716_lec10
7th Year, Integrated Technical Education Cluster AlAmeeria
lec#10, Mobile Communication Systems
Ahmad El-Banna
December 30, 2014
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Ahmad El-Banna
See All by Ahmad El-Banna
E716_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
0
1.6k
J601_lec12
ahmad_elbanna
1
900
E716_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
1
580
J601_lec11
ahmad_elbanna
0
920
J601_lec10
ahmad_elbanna
1
960
E716_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
670
J601_lec09
ahmad_elbanna
0
510
J601_lec08.pdf
ahmad_elbanna
1
1.1k
E716_lec08
ahmad_elbanna
0
410
Other Decks in Education
See All in Education
データで見る赤ちゃんの成長
syuchimu
0
280
2025年度春学期 統計学 第12回 分布の平均を推測する ー 区間推定 (2025. 6. 26)
akiraasano
PRO
0
160
小学校女性教員向け プログラミング教育研修プログラム「SteP」の実践と課題
codeforeveryone
0
110
2025年度春学期 統計学 第15回 分布についての仮説を検証する ー 仮説検定(2) (2025. 7. 17)
akiraasano
PRO
0
110
2025年度春学期 統計学 第13回 不確かな測定の不確かさを測る ー 不偏分散とt分布 (2025. 7. 3)
akiraasano
PRO
0
120
2025/06/05_読み漁り学習
nag8
0
200
2025年度春学期 統計学 第14回 分布についての仮説を検証する ー 仮説検定(1) (2025. 7. 10)
akiraasano
PRO
0
140
Ch1_-_Partie_1.pdf
bernhardsvt
0
250
JPCERTから始まる草の根活動~セキュリティ文化醸成のためのアクション~
masakiokuda
0
220
学びは趣味の延長線
ohmori_yusuke
0
110
ROSConJP 2025 発表スライド
f0reacharr
0
220
技術勉強会 〜 OAuth & OIDC 入門編 / 20250528 OAuth and OIDC
oidfj
5
1.8k
Featured
See All Featured
Put a Button on it: Removing Barriers to Going Fast.
kastner
60
4k
Improving Core Web Vitals using Speculation Rules API
sergeychernyshev
18
1.1k
Bash Introduction
62gerente
615
210k
Making the Leap to Tech Lead
cromwellryan
135
9.5k
Visualization
eitanlees
148
16k
The Success of Rails: Ensuring Growth for the Next 100 Years
eileencodes
46
7.6k
Save Time (by Creating Custom Rails Generators)
garrettdimon
PRO
32
1.6k
Fireside Chat
paigeccino
39
3.6k
Done Done
chrislema
185
16k
Building an army of robots
kneath
306
46k
Balancing Empowerment & Direction
lara
3
620
BBQ
matthewcrist
89
9.8k
Transcript
Lecture #10 Effects of Mobile Radio Propagation (p1) Instructor: Dr.
Ahmad El-Banna December 2014 E-716-A Mobile Communications Systems Integrated Technical Education Cluster At AlAmeeria © Ahmad El-Banna 1
Agenda Types of waves Propagation Mechanisms Path Loss 2 E-716-A,
Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Speed, Wavelength, Frequency System Frequency Wavelength AC current 60 Hz
5,000 km FM radio 100 MHz 3 m Cellular 800 MHz 37.5 cm Ka band satellite 20 GHz 15 mm Ultraviolet light 1015 Hz 10-7 m Light speed = Wavelength x Frequency = 3 x 108 m/s = 300,000 km/s E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 3 3
4 Types of Waves Earth Sky wave Space wave Ground
wave Troposphere (0 - 12 km) Stratosphere (12 - 50 km) Mesosphere (50 - 80 km) Ionosphere (80 - 720 km) E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Radio Frequency Bands Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics Extremely
low ELF < 300 Hz Ground wave Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 kHz Very low VLF 3 kHz - 30 kHz Low LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz Medium MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz Ground/Sky wave High HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Sky wave Very high VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz Space wave Ultra high UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz Super high SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz Extremely high EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz Tremendously high THF 300 GHz - 3000 GHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 5
6 Propagation Mechanisms • Reflection • Propagation wave impinges on
an object which is large as compared to wavelength - e.g., the surface of the Earth, buildings, walls, etc. • Diffraction • Radio path between transmitter and receiver obstructed by surface with sharp irregular edges • Waves bend around the obstacle, even when LOS (line of sight) does not exist • Scattering • Objects smaller than the wavelength of the propagation wave - e.g. foliage, street signs, lamp posts • Shadowing ! distance sender transmission detection interference E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
7 Radio Propagation Effects Transmitter d Receiver hb hm Diffracted
Signal Reflected Signal Direct Signal Building reflection scattering diffraction shadowing refraction E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
Free-space Propagation • The received signal power at distance d:
where Pt is transmitting power, Ae is effective area, and Gt is the transmitting antenna gain. Assuming that the radiated power is uniformly distributed over the surface of the sphere. Transmitter Distance d Receiver hb hm 2 r 4 P d P G A t t e E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna 8
9 Antenna Gain • For a circular reflector antenna Gain
G = ( D / )2 = net efficiency (depends on the electric field distribution over the antenna aperture, losses, ohmic heating , typically 0.55) D = diameter thus, G = ( D f /c )2, c = f (c is speed of light) Example: • Antenna with diameter = 2 m, frequency = 6 GHz, wavelength = 0.05 m G = 39.4 dB • Frequency = 14 GHz, same diameter, wavelength = 0.021 m G = 46.9 dB * Higher the frequency, higher the gain for the same size antenna E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
10 Land Propagation • The received signal power: where Gr
is the receiver antenna gain, L is the propagation loss in the channel, i.e., L = LP LS LF L P G G P t r t r Fast fading Slow fading Path loss E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
11 Path Loss (Free-space) • Definition of path loss LP
: Path Loss in Free-space: where fc is the carrier frequency. This shows greater the fc , more is the loss. , r t P P P L ), ( log 20 ) ( log 20 45 . 32 ) ( 10 10 km d MHz f dB L c PF E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
12 Path Loss (Land Propagation) • Simplest Formula: Lp =
A d-α where A and α: propagation constants d : distance between transmitter and receiver α : value of 3 ~ 4 in typical urban area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
13 Example of Path Loss (Free-space) Path Loss in Free-space
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Distance d (km) Path Loss Lf (dB) fc=150MHz fc=200MHz fc=400MHz fc=800MHz fc=1000MHz fc=1500MHz E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
14 Path Loss (Urban, Suburban and Open areas) • Urban
area: where • Suburban area: • Open area: ) ( log ) ( log 55 . 6 9 . 44 ) ( ) ( log 82 . 13 ) ( log 16 . 26 55 . 69 ) ( 10 10 10 10 km d m h m h m h MHz f dB L b m b c PU city medium small for MHz f for m h MHz f for m h city e l for MHz f m h MHz f m h c m c m c m c m & , 400 , 97 . 4 ) ( 75 . 11 log 2 . 3 200 , 1 . 1 ) ( 54 . 1 log 29 . 8 arg , 8 . 0 ) ( log 56 . 1 ) ( 7 . 0 ) ( log 1 . 1 ) ( 2 10 2 10 10 10 4 . 5 28 ) ( log 2 ) ( ) ( 2 10 MHz f dB L dB L c PU PS 94 . 40 ) ( log 33 . 18 ) ( log 78 . 4 ) ( ) ( 10 2 10 MHz f MHz f dB L dB L c c PU PO E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
15 Path Loss • Path loss in decreasing order: •
Urban area (large city) • Urban area (medium and small city) • Suburban area • Open area E-716-A, Lec#9 , Dec 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna
• For more details, refer to: • Chapter 2, A.
Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, 2004. • The lecture is available online at: • https://speakerdeck.com/ahmad_elbanna • For inquires, send to: •
[email protected]
16 E-716-A, Lec#10 , Nov 2014 © Ahmad El-Banna