Learn CPU architecture with Assembly

iOSDC Japan 2025
https://fortee.jp/iosdc-japan-2025/proposal/4316d7ee-b3a0-4623-997a-df8843a9a709

Transcript

1. ΞηϯϒϦͰֶͿCPUΞʔΩςΫνϟ akkey / @AkkeyLab iOSDC Japan 2025
2. ྺ࢙త෼ذ఺
3. ྺ࢙త෼ذ఺ 3 https://developer.apple.com/jp/videos/play/wwdc2025/102/?time=3296
4. ྺ࢙త෼ذ఺ 4 https://developer.apple.com/jp/videos/play/wwdc2025/102/?time=3296
5. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙
6. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 6 CISC RISC Complex Instruction Set Computer Reduce Instruction Set Computer ໋ྩ͕ෳࡶ ໋ྩ͕୯७
7. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 7 1984 MC68000 680x0 CISC ΞʔΩςΫνϟ ઃܭख๏ CPU ຌྫ
8. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 8 1984 1992 MC68000 680x0 PowerPC Power RISC CISC ΞʔΩςΫνϟ ઃܭख๏ CPU ຌྫ
9. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 9 1984 1992 2006 Intel x86 MC68000 680x0 PowerPC Power RISC CISC CISC ΞʔΩςΫνϟ ઃܭख๏ CPU ຌྫ
10. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 10 Apple Silicon Arm 1984 1992 2006 2020 Intel x86 MC68000 680x0 PowerPC Power RISC RISC CISC CISC ΞʔΩςΫνϟ ઃܭख๏ CPU ຌྫ
11. Macʹ͓͚ΔCPUͷྺ࢙ 11 Apple Silicon Arm 1984 1992 2006 2020 x86 Rosetta MC68000 680x0 PowerPC Power RISC RISC CISC CISC Mac 68K Emulator Intel Rosetta 2 ΞʔΩςΫνϟ Ҡߦπʔϧ ઃܭख๏ CPU ຌྫ
12. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World!
13. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 13 ΞηϯϒϦ Ξηϯϒϥ ػցޠ 010100 110101 011010 Ξηϯϒϧ ʂ
14. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 14 ΞηϯϒϦ Assembly language ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷͻͱͭͰɺػցޠͱ1:1ʹରԠͨ͠ݴޠ
15. ||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||| 010100 110101 011010 ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 15 ػցޠ Χʔωϧ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ γεςϜίʔϧ ੍ޚ ʁ ΞηϯϒϦ
16. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 16 γεςϜίʔϧ System Call ΧʔωϧʹΑͬͯఏڙ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ
 σʔλͷೖग़ྗ΍ϓϩάϥϜͷऴྃͱ໋͍ͬͨྩ͕͋Δ
17. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 17 $ man 2 write γεςϜίʔϧ ϚχϡΞϧίϚϯυ ໋ྩ໊ ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte);
18. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 18 ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); ϑΝΠϧ
 σΟεΫϦϓλ 0ɿඪ४ೖྗ
 1ɿඪ४ग़ྗ
 2ɿඪ४Τϥʔग़ྗ ର৅഑ྻͷ൪஍ ग़ྗόΠτ਺ C
19. ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 19 mov x0, #1 adr x1, greeting mov x2, #14 greeting: .ascii "Hello, World!\n" 1 5 10 14 C ASSEMBLY
20. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 20 mov x0, #1 Φϖίʔυ Φϖϥϯυ Move #1 x0 to ಡΈํɿ Ϩδελ ஋
21. ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 21 mov x0, #1 adr x1, greeting mov x2, #14 greeting: .ascii "Hello, World!\n" 1 5 10 14 C ASSEMBLY
22. ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte); ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 22 mov x16, #4 svc #0x80 C ASSEMBLY ಛผͳׂΓࠐΈ໋ྩ Supervisor Call γεςϜίʔϧϑΝΠϧ͔Β൑அ syscall.h* */Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX{version_number}.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/Kernel.framework/Versions/A/Headers/sys/syscall.h
23. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 23 $ man 2 _exit γεςϜίʔϧ ϚχϡΞϧίϚϯυ ໋ྩ໊ void _exit(int status);
24. void _exit(int status); ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 24 mov x0, #0 mov x16, #1 svc #0x80 C ASSEMBLY ऴྃεςʔλε ਖ਼ৗऴྃɿ0
25. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 25 mov x0, #1 adr x1, greeting mov x2, #14 mov x16, #4 svc #0x80 mov x0, #0 mov x16, #1 svc #0x80 greeting: .ascii "Hello, World!\n" Arm x86
26. ΞηϯϒϦͰHello, World! 26 mov x0, #1 adr x1, greeting mov x2, #14 mov x16, #4 svc #0x80 mov x0, #0 mov x16, #1 svc #0x80 greeting: .ascii "Hello, World!\n" mov $1, %rdi lea greeting(%rip), %rsi mov $14, %rdx mov $0x2000004, %rax syscall xor %rdi, %rdi mov $0x2000001, %rax syscall Arm x86
27. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘
28. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 28
29. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 29 import SwiftUI let f: (() -> Void)? = nil @main struct CrashCodeApp: App { init() { f!() } var body: some Scene { WindowGroup {} } } Thread 1: Fatal error: Unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value
30. 0x1957e5eec <+0>: sub sp, sp, #0xa0 0x1957e5ef0 <+4>: stp x22, x21, [sp, #0x80] 0x1957e5ef4 <+8>: stp x29, x30, [sp, #0x90] 0x1957e5ef8 <+12>: add x29, sp, #0x90 0x1957e5efc <+16>: ldr w9, [x29, #0x20] 0x1957e5f00 <+20>: ldr x10, [x29, #0x18] 0x1957e5f04 <+24>: ldrb w8, [x29, #0x10] 0x1957e5f08 <+28>: stp x3, x4, [sp, #0x30] 0x1957e5f0c <+32>: strb w5, [sp, #0x40] 0x1957e5f10 <+36>: stp x6, x7, [sp, #0x48] 0x1957e5f14 <+40>: strb w8, [sp, #0x58] 0x1957e5f18 <+44>: str x10, [sp, #0x60] 0x1957e5f1c <+48>: str w9, [sp, #0x68] 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176> ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 30
31. 0x1957e5eec <+0>: sub sp, sp, #0xa0 0x1957e5ef0 <+4>: stp x22, x21, [sp, #0x80] 0x1957e5ef4 <+8>: stp x29, x30, [sp, #0x90] 0x1957e5ef8 <+12>: add x29, sp, #0x90 0x1957e5efc <+16>: ldr w9, [x29, #0x20] 0x1957e5f00 <+20>: ldr x10, [x29, #0x18] 0x1957e5f04 <+24>: ldrb w8, [x29, #0x10] 0x1957e5f08 <+28>: stp x3, x4, [sp, #0x30] 0x1957e5f0c <+32>: strb w5, [sp, #0x40] 0x1957e5f10 <+36>: stp x6, x7, [sp, #0x48] 0x1957e5f14 <+40>: strb w8, [sp, #0x58] 0x1957e5f18 <+44>: str x10, [sp, #0x60] 0x1957e5f1c <+48>: str w9, [sp, #0x68] 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176> ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 31 Φϖίʔυ
32. 0x1957e5eec <+0>: sub sp, sp, #0xa0 0x1957e5ef0 <+4>: stp x22, x21, [sp, #0x80] 0x1957e5ef4 <+8>: stp x29, x30, [sp, #0x90] 0x1957e5ef8 <+12>: add x29, sp, #0x90 0x1957e5efc <+16>: ldr w9, [x29, #0x20] 0x1957e5f00 <+20>: ldr x10, [x29, #0x18] 0x1957e5f04 <+24>: ldrb w8, [x29, #0x10] 0x1957e5f08 <+28>: stp x3, x4, [sp, #0x30] 0x1957e5f0c <+32>: strb w5, [sp, #0x40] 0x1957e5f10 <+36>: stp x6, x7, [sp, #0x48] 0x1957e5f14 <+40>: strb w8, [sp, #0x58] 0x1957e5f18 <+44>: str x10, [sp, #0x60] 0x1957e5f1c <+48>: str w9, [sp, #0x68] 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176> ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 32 Φϖϥϯυ
33. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 33 సૹ ෼ذ ܭࢉ ෼ذઌͷώϯτ 0x1957e5eec <+0>: sub sp, sp, #0xa0 0x1957e5ef0 <+4>: stp x22, x21, [sp, #0x80] 0x1957e5ef4 <+8>: stp x29, x30, [sp, #0x90] 0x1957e5ef8 <+12>: add x29, sp, #0x90 0x1957e5efc <+16>: ldr w9, [x29, #0x20] 0x1957e5f00 <+20>: ldr x10, [x29, #0x18] 0x1957e5f04 <+24>: ldrb w8, [x29, #0x10] 0x1957e5f08 <+28>: stp x3, x4, [sp, #0x30] 0x1957e5f0c <+32>: strb w5, [sp, #0x40] 0x1957e5f10 <+36>: stp x6, x7, [sp, #0x48] 0x1957e5f14 <+40>: strb w8, [sp, #0x58] 0x1957e5f18 <+44>: str x10, [sp, #0x60] 0x1957e5f1c <+48>: str w9, [sp, #0x68] 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176>
34. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 34 సૹ ෼ذ ܭࢉ 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176> 0x1957e5f9c <+176>: str wzr, [sp, #0x10] 0x1957e5fa0 <+180>: str x8, [sp, #0x8] 0x1957e5fa4 <+184>: mov w8, #0x2 ; =2 0x1957e5fa8 <+188>: strb w8, [sp] 0x1957e5fac <+192>: adrp x0, 1047 0x1957e5fb0 <+196>: add x0, x0, #0x494 ; "Fatal error" 0x1957e5fb4 <+200>: adrp x3, 1047 0x1957e5fb8 <+204>: add x3, x3, #0x750;"Unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value"
35. ελοΫτϨʔεΛಡΈղ͘ 35 0x1957e5f20 <+52>: tbnz w2, #0x0, 0x1957e5f30 ; <+68> 0x1957e5f24 <+56>: cbnz x0, 0x1957e5f6c ; <+128> 0x1957e5f28 <+60>: mov w8, #0x88 ; =136 0x1957e5f2c <+64>: b 0x1957e5f9c ; <+176> 0x1957e5f9c <+176>: str wzr, [sp, #0x10] 0x1957e5fa0 <+180>: str x8, [sp, #0x8] 0x1957e5fa4 <+184>: mov w8, #0x2 ; =2 0x1957e5fa8 <+188>: strb w8, [sp] 0x1957e5fac <+192>: adrp x0, 1047 0x1957e5fb0 <+196>: add x0, x0, #0x494 ; "Fatal error" 0x1957e5fb4 <+200>: adrp x3, 1047 0x1957e5fb8 <+204>: add x3, x3, #0x750;"Unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value" సૹ ෼ذ ܭࢉ
36. ൃల
37. ൃల 37 ॻ੶ൢചதʂ
38. Thank you !!