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A Briefer History of Open Source

A Briefer History of Open Source

Talk "A Briefer History of Open Source: A Computational (and Human) Perspective" delivered at Data Umbrella

https://www.meetup.com/data-umbrella/events/298708103/

Video https://youtu.be/LLciYo3rqTQ

Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez

February 13, 2024
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  1. A Briefer History Of Open Source a Computational (and Human)

    Perspective Juan Luis Cano Rodríguez <[email protected]> 2024-02-13 @ Data Umbrella
  2. Who is this guy? * Cano Rodríguez, Juan Luis (he/him/él)

    * Aerospace Engineer turned coder turned developer advocate turned... * Passionate about tech communities and the Solidarity Economy ♻️ * Product Manager for Kedro, an open source pipeline framework, at QuantumBlack, AI by McKinsey 🔶 * Organizer of the PyData Madrid monthly meetup (ex Python España, ex PyCon Spain) 🐍 * Contributor to the SciPy and PyData ecosystem Let's connect! https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanluiscanor/
  3. ⚠️ Not a historian ⚠️ Caveats apply: * South European-centric

    perspective * Cutoff points are arbitrary * Possibly misses key events and people * Might contain opinions * I like this topic too much
  4. 1969 - Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and others start developing

    the UNIX family of operating systems at Bell Labs 1971 - UNIX first published internally 1972 - First attempt at rewriting the kernel in the new programming language C 1973 - UNIX announced outside Bell Labs The UNIX philosophy: "Make each program do one thing well"
  5. 1976 - "An Act for the general revision of the

    Copyright Law, title 17 of the United States Code, and for other purposes", aka the Copyright Act of 1976 * Software fell under the definition of "literary works", hence protected by copyright * "Fair use" doctrine introduced
  6. 1979 - Brian Reid placed time bombs in the Scribe

    markup language to restrict unlicensed access "A crime against humanity"
  7. "Starting this Thanksgiving, I am going to write a complete

    Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for GNU's Not Unix) and give it away free to everyone who can use it. Contributions of time, money, programs, and equipment are greatly needed." Richard Stallman (USA), 1983
  8. 1985 - GNU Manifesto and Free Software Foundation 1986 -

    The Four Freedoms 0. Freedom to run the program for any purpose 1. Freedom to study and change the program 2. Freedom to redistribute copies 3. Freedom to distribute modified versions
  9. "To understand the concept, you should think of "free" as

    in "free speech," not as in "free beer". ...and a huge misconception?
  10. 1991 - World Wide Web open to the public 1993

    - CERN makes WWW protocol and code available royalty free 1993 - First web browser: Mosaic
  11. "I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't

    be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready." 1991 - Linux is announced Linus Torvalds (Finland), 1991
  12. ...and dozens of Linux distributions start to appear 1993 -

    Slackware 1993 - Debian 1994 - SUSE Linux (commercial) 1995 - Red Hat Enterprise Linux (commercial)
  13. 1991 - Python (Guido van Rossum, Netherlands) 1991 - R

    (Ross Ihaka, New Zealand) 1991 - Vim (Bram Moolenaar, Netherlands) 1992 - X Window System ported to Linux 1993 - Lua (Roberto Ierusalimschy and others, Brazil) 1994 - LaTeX (Leslie Lamport, USA) 1995 - Numeric, precursor of NumPy (Jim Hugunin, Travis Oliphant and others, USA) 1996 - Java (James Gosling, Canada)
  14. 1997 - "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" original essay published

    by Eric S. Raymond (USA) Cathedral: Closed development (GNU Emacs, GCC) Bazaar: Open development (Linux) Linus Law: "Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow"
  15. 1994 - Netscape corporation founded 1995 - JavaScript introduced 1995

    - Netscape goes public 1996 - First Google computer at Stanford Beginning of the dot-com bubble...
  16. Open Source term became official in 1998 * Influenced by

    Raymond's ideas, Netscape releases the source code of their browser: the precursor of Firefox * Christine Peterson (USA) suggests the term "open source" in a strategy meeting * Bruce Perens founds the Open Source Initiative (OSI) * Tim O'Reilly (USA) organizes an "Open Source Summit"
  17. ...while open source projects start organizing 1999 - Apache Software

    Foundation (USA) 2000 - Linux Foundation (USA) 2001 - Python Software Foundation (USA) 2004 - Eclipse Foundation (Belgium)
  18. 2003 - Google File System paper 2004 - MapReduce paper

    2005 - Yahoo starts implementing Google's ideas 2006 - First public release of Hadoop ...and contenders embrace sharing knowledge
  19. 2005 - Linus Torvalds (Finland) writes git in 1 month

    2005- Junio Hamano takes over maintenance of git 2008 - GitHub launches A new era of collaborative software development
  20. 2012 - Vulnerable code is accidentally committed to OpenSSL 2014

    - Heartbleed vulnerability is revealed ...but the world discovers that open source is not sustainable
  21. 2015 - Fair Source 2016 - Business Source License 2018

    - Commons Clause 2018 - Server-Side Public License 2016 - Coopyleft 2018 - Hippocratic License ("Do No Harm") Some of these licenses are submitted to the Open Source Initiative for consideration - they are all rejected The open source ecosystem begins to fragment