Rust

My Emerging Languages 2012 talk: an introduction to Rust, a new open source systems language.

Transcript

2. a systems language pursuing the trifecta safe, concurrent, fast
8. github.com/mozilla/servo
9. $ hg clone http://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central ... 66238 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved $ cd mozilla-central $ find . -name '*.c' -or -name '*.cpp' -or -name '*.h' -or -name '*.tbl' | xargs wc -l | fgrep total | awk '{total = total + $1}END{print total}' 5433119
10. 2009: Graydon starts full-time work on Rust 2010: Team begins to grow 2011: Self-hosting via LLVM 2012: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 (soon), and beyond...
11. ♥ The Rust Team Brian Anderson • Tim Chevalier • Graydon Hoare • Niko Matsakis • Patrick Walton Interns and Alumni Michael Bebenita • Ben Blum • Rafael Espíndola • Roy Frostig • Marijn Haverbeke • Eric Holk • Lindsey Kuper • Elliott Slaughter • Paul Stansifer • Michael Sullivan
12. • stack allocation • data ownership • monomorphisation and inlining • actors • message-passing • failure • type safety • pattern matching • type classes • no null
13. PERFORMANCE CONCURRENCY TYPES
14. FAST
15. “Sometimes, cleaning up your code makes it slower even when it shouldn’t.” — Robert O’Callahan “Abstraction Penalties, Stack Allocation and Ownership Types” http://j.mp/abstraction-penalties
16. let vec = [1, 2, 3]; vec.each(|item| { print(fmt!("%d ", item)); true });
17. let vec = [1, 2, 3]; for vec.each |item| { print(fmt!("%d ", item)); }
18. fn from_origin(x: float, y: float) -> float { let x0 = 0.0, y0 = 0.0; dist(x, y, x0, y0) }
19. struct Point { x: float, y: float }
20. fn from_origin(p: Point) -> float { let origin = Point { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 }; dist(p, origin) }
21. fn print_point(p: &Point) { match *p { Point {x,y} => println(fmt!("(%f, %f)", x, y)) } }
22. fn print_point(p: &Point) { match *p { Point {x,y} => println(fmt!("(%f, %f)", x, y)) } } fn f() { let p = Point { ... }; print_point(&p); }
23. let p = @Point { ... }; print_point(p);
24. let p = ~Point { ... }; print_point(p);
25. let p = ~Point { ... }; box.topLeft = move p; // deinitialized print_point(p); // error
26. let p; // uninitialized print_point(p); // error p = ~Point { ... };
27. Rust C++ &T! T& @T! shared_ptr<T> ~T! unique_ptr<T>
28. CONCURRENT
29. heap
30. heap
31. heap
33. Shared Heap
34. Shared Heap
35. Shared Heap
36. let (ch, port) = pipes::stream(); do spawn |move ch| { let s = ~Point { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 }; ch.send(s); } let s = port.recv(); assert s.x == 1.0; assert s.y == 2.0;
37. SAFE
38. fn is_empty<T>(v: &[T]) -> bool { v.len() == 0 }
39. struct Monster { name: &str, mut health: int } struct Player { mut health: int }
40. impl Monster { fn attack(&self, player: &Player) { player.health -= 10; } } monster.attack(&player);
41. trait ToJSON { fn to_json(&self) -> ~str; }
42. impl Monster : ToJSON { fn to_json(&self) -> ~str { fmt!(...) } } impl Player : ToJSON { fn to_json(&self) -> ~str { fmt!(...) } }
43. fn save<T:ToJSON>(x: &T, file: &str) { let writer = file_writer(...).get(); writer.write(x.to_json()); } save(&player, "p.json"); save(&monster, "m.json");
44. struct<T:Send> Chan<T> { ... } impl<T:Send> Chan<T> { fn send(&self, x: T) { ... } }
45. struct ARC<T:Const Send> { ... }
46. let img: Image = load_image(); let handle0: ARC<Image> = ARC(move img); for N.times { let handle = handle0.clone(); do spawn |move handle| { display_image(handle); } }
47. Modula-3 unsafe module Java native sun.misc.Unsafe Ocaml Obj.magic Haskell unsafePerformIO Rust unsafe { ... }
48. regions, region subtyping & polymorphism, arenas traits as existentials mutability tracking, purity, and borrow checking freezing/thawing data structures task-local storage linked failure one-shot closures macros
49. Good reads smallcultfollowing.com/babysteps pcwalton.github.com
50. Join us rust-lang.org rust-dev@mozilla.org irc.mozilla.org :: #rust
51. Thank you.
52. Image credits Sean Martell http://blog.seanmartell.com Martyn http://www.flickr.com/photos/martyn/438111857/in/set-102261 Ian Kobylanski http://www.flickr.com/photos/iankobylanski/6151659680 Sudhir Naik http://www.flickr.com/photos/sudhirnaik/4890017884/ Thomas Gibbard http://www.flickr.com/photos/22305783@N06/3947478553