Where to focus? Engine arguably offers limited short term potential: • Must offer correct mix of performance & fuel economy – VITAL! • Tied in to stringent iT4 or FT4 NOX / Particulates standards • Engine development is expensive & has a LONG lead time! A modern tractor has MANY other systems consuming power! • Focus on the WHOLE VEHICLE could offer cost effective improvements!
fans are “Power hungry” • Uses 5 to 10Kw in normal running! • Optimizing the cooling fan offers immediate savings in fuel consumption! 1. Vari-Cool or Vistronic fans • Single cooling fan with accurate temperature-related speed control 2. Distributed cooling with 2 fans 1. Active Charge Air Cooler 2. Main cooling package • Each fan runs at optimum speed • 50% reduction in total power requirement • 1.3% Lower fuel consumption 1 2
Restricted air flow can easily DOUBLE the power requirement and fuel use! • It is VITAL to have: • A Free air inlet • Clean outwards air flow • Fully ducted air flow • Planned air paths • Precise under hood temperature management • Less likelihood of debris issues • Increased fuel efficiency
the Best of both Worlds High Productivity • 8 speeds shiftable under full load • Wide overlap between ranges – no need to change ranges under load • High Efficiency • 100% mechanical power flow • No hydraulic drive • Few hydraulic clutches • 4% Fuel efficiency increase • 10gKwH lower fuel consumption than an IVT transmission. • More efficient even than a Powershift
driver aids for most efficient operation • Automatic optimisation of engine & transmission • Engine RPM & Gear selection • According to speed • According to load • IVT, Dual Clutch and Powershift transmissions • No operator input required
Windage Oil splash and oil drag • Up to 30Hp in power losses at high speed on a large tractor! • Don’t overfill the transmission! • Active Oil Management • Oil level in transmission compartments kept low • Gears and shafts NOT oil immersed • Baffles and Windage covers • Oil prevented from pooling around fast moving components • Large efficiency increases
Sump - The ultimate oil management • Oil stored in a separate compartment or tank • Transmission is pressure lubricated • Oil returned to separate reservoir after use. • Eliminates oil splash and oil drag. Oil temperature control • Thermostat control of oil cooling flow. • Faster warm up • Reduced cooling load
Pump. Sensing Line Sensing Line Charge / Main Pump PFC hydraulic system Item PC hydraulic system Gear type Charge pump type X Axial piston pump Main pump type Gear type Pressure and flow LS compensates:… Pressure 114 l/min Max. oil flow 65 or 80 l/min 200 bar Rated pressure 200 bar 27 – 32 Liters (aux. tank) Oil take out 15 – 20 liters Hydraulic Systems
Pumping oil all the time is wasteful and unnecessary! • Pressure Flow Compensated (PFC) systems only pump when needed! • Variable main hydraulic pump • Variable charge pump ? PFC Load Sensed Monitoring of the hydraulic load No hydraulic load Main Pump on standby mode Reduced load on engine
optimization 1. Brake retractors • Brake pistons actively pulled away from friction disc on pedal release 2. Secondary Brake • Electric or spring-loaded secondary Brake/Steering pumps • Only engaged when hydraulic pressure drops to zero. 1. Air Brake compressor with Electric Clutch • Compressor driven only when air pressure is low.
reductions? Fuel use reduction (%) Annual CO2 reduction (Kgs) Optimized Cooling package 1.3% 1,139 Transmission Architecture 4% 3,504 Windage Reduction Oil Management / Dry sump Windage Covers Brake drag reduction/optimization 8% 7,008 Hydraulic system design 2% 1,752 TOTAL 15.3% 13,403 Kgs An ESTIMATE based on an “average” 100Kw tractor! • Average fuel consumption of 293gKwH (DLG Powermix average) • 1000 hours annual use. • 2.68Kgs CO2 per Kg diesel fuel used. Full benefits may not be seen in every situation!
Power Control Box 2x Implement connectors Mobile power Outlets Electric Implement drives 20Kw to drive attached implements • 2 plug & play outlets with Q-R couplers • 240v & 400v mobile power outlets • Efficient • 10% more efficient than mechanical drives • Output independent of engine speed • 15% more efficient than hydraulic drives • As much power as required and no more • Precisely controllable • Ideal for accurate implement controls or targeted applications • Eg sprayers & spreaders EMI Filter
Assisted Drive - Fliegl “PowerDriveElect” • 12.5Kw electric trailer drive axle • More efficient alternative to ground-speed mechanical drive Full Electric drive - Ropa “EuroTiger EMO” • 280Kw electric traction drive • Replaced 340Kw mechanical drive system Electric drive sprayers, dozers & tractors are in development & production!
“All Fuel” tractor • Multiple fuels in a single tank • Biodiesel; Mineral oil; Pure plant oils (PPO) eg. Rapeseed oil • Tank sensor monitors fuel type • Engine settings automatically set according to fuel quality • Servicing requirement as standad model. • 60% reduction in CO2 output • According EU Renewable Energy directive • Meets Final Tier 4 emissions level • SIMA 2013 Gold medal winner!
A wider focus than just the engine is needed to reduce emissions & increase fuel efficiency on complex machinery. • Ancilliary & accessory systems offer plenty of scope for optimization & efficiency gain. • New technologies are in the pipeline that will have a HUGE impact on emissions from farm equipment! •BUT REMEMBER – other factors can also conspire to reduce efficiency or increase emissions – including: • Working conditions • Operational factors • Implement settings • Tyres, ballasting & wheelslip PLUS MANY MORE
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