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Fadis
May 09, 2015
Programming
2
140
Shading and Lighting
プログラマブルシェーダの基本からディスプレイスメントマップの技法までを解説します
Fadis
May 09, 2015
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Transcript
Shading and Lighting /BPNBTB.BUTVCBZBTIJ
ࣗݾհ !GBEJT@ দྛঘཧ
ຊͷલʹ
ϨϯμϦϯάύΠϓϥΠϯ ςΫενϟαϯϓϦϯά ϑϨʔϜόοϑΝ ඳըཁٻ ϥελϥΠζ ϐΫηϧ୯Ґͷॲཧ ୯Ґͷॲཧ ڽͬͨಈ͖Λѻ͍͍ͨ ڽ࣭ͬͨײΛѻ͍͍ͨ
ϓϩάϥϚϒϧγΣʔμ ςΫενϟαϯϓϦϯά ϑϨʔϜόοϑΝ ඳըཁٻ ϥελϥΠζ ϐΫηϧ୯Ґͷॲཧ ୯Ґͷॲཧ ͜ͷ෦Ͱ࣮ࡍʹߦ͏ॲཧΛ Ϣʔβ͕ϓϩάϥϜ Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠
γΣʔμ ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμ
γΣʔσΟϯάݴޠ ϋʔυΣΞݻ༗ͷϚγϯޠ ϋʔυΣΞݻ༗ͷΞηϯϒϦ %JSFDU9 0QFO(- $H5PPMLJU (-4- $H )-4- ߴڃݴޠ
ϨΠτϨʔε ݻఆػೳ γΣʔμ େࡶ ͍ ਖ਼֬ ͍ ϓϩάϥϚϒϧγΣʔμͰ࡞ͬͨ ͩ͜ΘΓͷԶγΣʔμ γΣʔσΟϯά
ޫͷͨͬͯΔମʹ ͦΕͬΆ͍໌Δ͞ͷڧऑΛ͚ͭΔ
جຊతͳϥΠςΟϯάϞσϧ ڥޫ ֦ࢄޫ ࣹޫ
ڥޫ ֦ࢄޫ ࣹޫ ఆͰ͍͍ EPU ޫͷํ ໘ͷ๏ઢ ཁ͢Δʹޫͷํ͍ͯΔ SFGSFqFDU
ޫͷํ ໘ͷ๏ઢ QPX EPU ࢹͷํ SFG ޫͷڧ͞ ޫͷࣹ͕ࢹͷํ͍ͯΔ
҉͍ ͦͦ͜͜ ໌Δ͍ ઢܗิؒ ઢܗิؒ ઢܗิؒ
ݻఆػೳγΣʔμͱಉਫ४ͷ γΣʔσΟϯάΛͬͯΈΔ
WPJEHPVSBVE7FSUFY4IBEFS qPBUMPDBM@QPTJUJPO"553 qPBUMPDBM@OPSNBM"553 qPBUMPDBM@UFYDPPSE"553 PVUqPBUWJFX@QPTJUJPO104*5*0/
PVUqPBUXPSME@DPMPS$0-03 PVUqPBUXPSME@UFYDPPSE5&9$003% \ qPBUXPSME@QPTJUJPONVM HMTUBUFNBUSJYNPEFMWJFX<> MPDBM@QPTJUJPO WJFX@QPTJUJPONVM HMTUBUFNBUSJYQSPKFDUJPO XPSME@QPTJUJPO qPBUXPSME@OPSNBMOPSNBMJ[F NVM qPBUY HMTUBUFNBUSJYNPEFMWJFX<> MPDBM@OPSNBM XPSME@OPSNBMOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@OPSNBM ! qPBUXPSME@FZFEJSDBNFSB@QPTJUJPO XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJSHMTUBUFMJHIU<>QPTJUJPOYZ[XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUXPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@FZFEJS qPBUEJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFMNBY EPU XPSME@OPSNBM XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE qPBUXPSME@SFqFDUJPOSFqFDU XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@OPSNBM qPBUTQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFMQPX NBY EPU XPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@SFqFDUJPO JG EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM \ TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM ^ qPBUMJHIU@EJTUBODFGPH@EJTUBODFQPX MFOHUI XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUMJHIU@MFWFMBNCJFOU@MJHIU NJO EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF ! qPBUpOBM@DPMPSqPBU MJHIU@MFWFM XPSME@DPMPSqPBU pOBM@DPMPS ! XPSME@UFYDPPSEMPDBM@UFYDPPSE ^ ࠲ඪม ϥΠςΟϯά άʔϩʔγΣʔσΟϯά
XPSME@OPSNBMOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@OPSNBM qPBUXPSME@FZFEJSDBNFSB@QPTJUJPO XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJSHMTUBUFMJHIU<>QPTJUJPOYZ[XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUXPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F
XPSME@FZFEJS qPBUEJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM NBY EPU XPSME@OPSNBM XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE qPBUXPSME@SFqFDUJPO SFqFDU XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@OPSNBM qPBUTQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM QPX NBY EPU XPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@SFqFDUJPO JG EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM \ TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM ^ qPBUMJHIU@EJTUBODFGPH@EJTUBODFQPX MFOHUI XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUMJHIU@MFWFM BNCJFOU@MJHIU NJO EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF ֦ࢄޫ ࣹޫ άʔϩʔγΣʔσΟϯά
WPJEHPVSBVE'SBHNFOU4IBEFS qPBUXPSME@UFYDPPSE5&9$003% qPBUXPSME@DPMPS$0-03 PVUqPBUQJYFM@DPMPS$0-03 \ QJYFM@DPMPSXPSME@DPMPS ^
άʔϩʔγΣʔσΟϯά γΣʔμͰܾΊͨ৭ͰృΔ
λϯΫ͞Μ ͬͦ͘͜͞ͷγΣʔμΛ ࢼͯ͠ΈΔ
ཧ ݱ࣮ ࣹޫ͕ਖ਼͘͠ඳ͔Ε͍ͯͳ͍
໌ ҉ ຖʹग़ྗ͞Εͨ ϥελϥΠζ࣌ʹઢܗิؒ͞Εͯ ϑϥάϝϯτγΣʔμʹ͞ΕΔ ֦ࢄޫ " #
ઢܗิؒ ҉ ҉ ࣹޫ " # ୯Ґʹܭࢉ͢Δ͔Β·͍ͣ ϐΫηϧ୯ҐͰܭࢉ͢Ε͍͍
͏গ͠Ϛγͳ γΣʔσΟϯάΛͬͯΈΔ
WPJEQIPOH7FSUFY4IBEFS qPBUMPDBM@QPTJUJPO"553 qPBUMPDBM@OPSNBM"553 qPBUMPDBM@UFYDPPSE"553 PVUqPBUWJFX@QPTJUJPO104*5*0/
PVUqPBUXPSME@QPTJUJPO5&9$003% PVUqPBUXPSME@OPSNBM5&9$003% \ XPSME@QPTJUJPO NVM HMTUBUFNBUSJYNPEFMWJFX<> MPDBM@QPTJUJPO WJFX@QPTJUJPO NVM HMTUBUFNBUSJYQSPKFDUJPO XPSME@QPTJUJPO XPSME@OPSNBM OPSNBMJ[F NVM qPBUY HMTUBUFNBUSJYNPEFMWJFX<> MPDBM@OPSNBM ^ ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά ࠲ඪม ๏ઢΛग़ྗ
WPJEQIPOH'SBHNFOU4IBEFS qPBUXPSME@QPTJUJPO5&9$003% qPBUXPSME@OPSNBM5&9$003% PVUqPBUQJYFM@DPMPS$0-03 \ XPSME@OPSNBMOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@OPSNBM
qPBUXPSME@FZFEJSDBNFSB@QPTJUJPO XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJSHMTUBUFMJHIU<>QPTJUJPOYZ[XPSME@QPTJUJPOYZ[ qPBUXPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUXPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FEOPSNBMJ[F XPSME@FZFEJS ! qPBUEJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFMNBY EPU XPSME@OPSNBM XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE qPBUXPSME@SFqFDUJPOSFqFDU XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@OPSNBM qPBUTQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFMQPX NBY EPU XPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@SFqFDUJPO JG EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM \ TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM ^ qPBUMJHIU@EJTUBODFGPH@EJTUBODFQPX MFOHUI XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUMJHIU@MFWFM BNCJFOU@MJHIU NJO EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF qPBUpOBM@DPMPSqPBU MJHIU@MFWFM QJYFM@DPMPSqPBU pOBM@DPMPS ^ ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά ϥΠςΟϯά
qPBUEJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM NBY EPU XPSME@OPSNBM XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE qPBUXPSME@SFqFDUJPO SFqFDU XPSME@MJHIUEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE
XPSME@OPSNBM qPBUTQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM QPX NBY EPU XPSME@FZFEJS@OPSNBMJ[FE XPSME@SFqFDUJPO JG EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM \ TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM ^ qPBUMJHIU@EJTUBODF GPH@EJTUBODFQPX MFOHUI XPSME@MJHIUEJS qPBUMJHIU@MFWFM BNCJFOU@MJHIU NJO EJ⒎VTF@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF TQFDVMBS@MJHIU@MFWFM MJHIU@EJTUBODF ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά ֦ࢄޫ ࣹޫ
" # ๏ઢΛઢܗิؒ ֤ϐΫηϧͰͷ๏ઢΛͬͯ ໌Δ͞Λܾఆ
ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά
๏ઢΛઢܗิؒ͡Όͳͯ͘ ͬͱࡉ͔͘ಈ͔ͯ͠ΈΔ
࣮ࡍʹ໘ΛԜತͤ͞ͳͯ͘ Ԝತ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ͷΑ͏ͳ༷͕ग़Δ
ִؒΑΓࡉ͔͘ ໘ʹΛׂΓ͍ͯͨ ๏ઢϚοϓ ςΫενϟϚοϐϯά ςΫενϟʹ৭Ͱͳ͘ ๏ઢͷ͖Λه͓ͯ͘͠
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ന͍ͱ͜Ζߴ͍ ࠇ͍ͱ͜Ζ͍
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ͔Β๏ઢϚοϓΛ࡞Δ T 㲅I㲅Y U 㲅I㲅Z
OOPSNBMJ[F DSPTT T U
ςΫενϟඞͣ͠ඳ͔Ε͖ͨͰ දࣔ͞ΕΔͱݶΒͳ͍ Ͳ͏͍͏͖Ͱஔ͞Ε͍ͯΑ͏͕ ৭͍͕৭ͳͷมΘΒͳ͍
ςΫενϟඞͣ͠ඳ͔Ε͖ͨͰ දࣔ͞ΕΔͱݶΒͳ͍ ๏ઢϚοϓมܗ͢Δͱҙຯ͕มΘͬͯ͠·͏ ςΫενϟͷҰॹ͚ͩͲ ͖͘͠ͳ͍
ςΫενϟ͕มܗ͠ͳ͚Ε؆୯ͳͷʹ มܗ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͜ͱʹͯ͠͠·͓͏
Ώ͕Μͩܗঢ়ͷମʹ ·͙ͬ͢ޫ͕͍ͨͬͯͯ ͦΕΛ·͙ͬ͢ࢹ͔Βݟ͍ͯΔ ࣍ݩͷฏΒͳମʹ Ώ͕Μͩޫ͕͍ͨͬͯͯ ͦΕΛΏ͕Μͩࢹ͔Βݟ͍ͯΔ ςΫενϟ
ମʹςΫενϟ͕షΕ͍ͯΔͱ͍͏͜ͱ શͯͷ ϫʔϧυۭؒʹ͓͚Δ࣍ݩ࠲ඪͱ ςΫενϟۭؒʹ͓͚Δ࣍ݩ࠲ඪ͔ΒͳΔ ࣍ݩۭؒͷҰҙͳͰ͋Δ ͜͜ ͜͜ ϫʔϧυۭؒ ςΫενϟۭؒ Y
Z [ T U
࣍ݩ্ۭؒͷҙͷଟ໘ମΛ YZ[࣠ʹ͍ͭͯӨͨ͠ͷ͕ࠨͷਤ TU࣠ʹ͍ͭͯʹӨͨ͠ͷ͕ӈͷਤ ϫʔϧυۭؒ ςΫενϟۭؒ Y Z [ T U
ϫʔϧυۭؒ ςΫενϟۭؒ ීஈͬͪ͜Ͱ ܭࢉ͍ͯ͠Δ͚Ͳ ςΫενϟ͕มܗ͢Δͱ ߹͕ѱ͍͔Β ͬͪ͜Ͱܭࢉ͢Δ ϫʔϧυۭؒͰఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔࢹͱޫͷҐஔΛ ςΫενϟۭؒʹม͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ Y
Z [ T U
ϫʔϧυۭ͔ؒΒςΫενϟۭؒͷม ઢܗͷ࠲ඪมߦྻͰͰ͖Δ <><><> ϞσϧϏϡʔ ߦྻ ϩʔΧϧ࠲ඪ ϫʔϧυ࠲ඪ Y Z [
X Y Z [ X Ϟσϧҙܗঢ় ඇઢܗͷ࠲ඪม ຖʹҐஔͱςΫενϟ࠲ඪͷ ؔΛද͢ߦྻΛ࡞Δ ϦΞϧλΠϜ%Ͱඇઢܗʹૺ۰ͨ͠Β ࡉ͔۠ͬͯ͘ઢܗۙࣅ
ϫʔϧυۭ͔ؒΒςΫενϟۭؒͷม ϫʔϧυ࠲ඪܥ͔ΒςΫενϟ࠲ඪܥͷ มߦྻͷٻΊํ W W W SYYZ[WYTUWYTU SYYZ[WYTUWYTU YDPFGYZ[DSPTT SYYZ[
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U UDSPTT C OO ઌ΄ͲٻΊͨ ઢUΛWͷ๏ઢOͱ ߦ͢ΔΑ͏ʹิਖ਼͢Δ ໘ͷ๏ઢ ͜ͷܭࢉͰߦྻͷߏஙʹඞཁͳ ̏ຊͷϕΫτϧ४๏ઢCٻ·Δ͕ ͷଐੑͷ࠷େݶΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰ ๏ઢͱઢ͔ΒٻΊΒΕΔ४๏ઢࠓࣺͯΔ
ϫʔϧυۭ͔ؒΒςΫενϟۭؒͷม Ұ࿈ͷܭࢉδΦϝτϦγΣʔμ͕͑Δ߹ (16ଆͰΔͱΧοί͍͍͔
ϫʔϧυۭ͔ؒΒςΫενϟۭؒͷม Y [ Z ઢܗิؒ ઢܗิؒ T S U
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ϫʔϧυۭؒͰ ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά ςΫενϟۭؒͰ ϑΥϯγΣʔσΟϯά
qPBUUFYUVSF@OPSNBMqPBU ςΫενϟۭؒͰͷ๏ઢ͕ ๏ઢϚοϓʹه͞Ε͍ͯΔ qPBUUFYUVSF@OPSNBM@E UFY% OPSNBM@NBQ
XPSME@UFYDPPSE SH qPBUUFYUVSF@OPSNBM OPSNBMJ[F qPBU UFYUVSF@OPSNBM@E TRSU UFYUVSF@OPSNBM@EY UFYUVSF@OPSNBM@EY UFYUVSF@OPSNBM@EZ UFYUVSF@OPSNBM@EZ
όϯϓϚοϐϯά CFGPSF BGUFS
໌҉͚ͩ͡Όͳͯ͘ ຊʹԜತͤͯ͞ΈΔ
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ๏ઢϚοϓ " # ϨϦʔϑϚοϓ
͜͜Λ͔ͨͬͺ͔͡ΒௐΔ ߴ͞Ϛοϓ " # #ͷҐஔΛٻΊΔ࠷؆୯ͳํ๏ "͔Βઢܗ୳ࡧͰ ߴ͞Ϛοϓͷ͕ͦͷҐஔͰͷ ࢹઢϕΫτϧͷߴ͞ΑΓߴ͍ՕॴΛ୳͢ ͍ ϨϦʔϑϚοϓ
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ःณ͕ແ͍͜ͱ͕อূ͞Ε͍ͯΔԁਲ਼ྖҬͷ େ͖͞ΛٻΊ͓ͯ͘ ͜͜·ͰͳΒେৎ ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓ
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ൺֱతগͳ͍ճͰ#ʹۙ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ # ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓ
ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓ όϯϓϚοϓͰͬͨ๏ઢϚοϓͷ ༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍੨ͷ෦ʹ ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓΛه͢Δ
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ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓ CFGPSF BGUFS
ޫͷ͋Δ໘Λඳ͍ͯΈΔ
ମ͕Ͱ͋Δͱ͢Δͱ ແࢹͰ͖Δ ࣹʹΑͬͯݟ͑ΔͷΛܾఆ͢Δཁૉ ࢹ ໘ͷ๏ઢ ࢹઢͱ໘ͷަࠩ͢Δ
ମ͕Ͱ͋Δͱ͢Δͱ ࣹͨ͠ࢹઢৗʹ ͋ΔҰ͔ΒͷϕΫτϧʹͳΔ ͜ͷΛத৺ʹશํҐʹ ͲΜͳ৭͕͍ͯ͠Δ͔ΛٻΊΔ ڥϚοϓ
ΩϡʔϒϚοϓ ٿ໘ʹԊͬͯϨϯμϦϯάΛ ͢ΔͱӨߦྻ͕ඇઢܗʹ ͳΔͷͰɺཱํମͰ༻͢Δ ͷҐஔ͔Βݟཱͯํମͷ ֤໘ͷํʹݟ͑Δ૾Λ ςΫενϟʹϨϯμϦϯά͓ͯ͘͠ ຕͷςΫενϟΛுΓ߹Θͤͯࢀর͢ΔΈ (16ʹ༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰԕྀͳ͘͏
ΩϡʔϒϚοϓ
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ڥϚοϓ
ޫͷ͋Δ ತԜͨ͠໘Λඳ͍ͯΈΔ
ڥϚοϓͱϨϦʔϑϚοϓΛΈ߹ΘͤΔ ϨϦʔϑϚοϓςΫενϟۭؒͰܭࢉ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ๏ઢςΫενϟۭؒͰͷ ΩϡʔϒϚοϓϫʔϧυۭؒͰܭࢉ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ϫʔϧυۭؒͰͷ๏ઢ͕ඞཁ ςΫενϟۭ͔ؒΒϫʔϧυۭؒͷߦྻ͕ඞཁ ϫʔϧυۭ͔ؒΒςΫενϟۭؒͷߦྻ ਖ਼نԽ͞ΕͨճసߦྻͳͷͰ సஔ͢Δ͚ͩͰٯߦྻ͕ಘΒΕΔ
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ڥϚοϓͱϨϦʔϑϚοϓΛΈ߹ΘͤΔ
Өʹ͍ͭͯ
ӨΛ͚͍ͨ ੲؙͰ͍͍ͱ͔ݴ͚ͬͯͨͲ Ͱ͖ΕͪΌΜͱͨ͠ܗͷ ӨΛඳ͖͍ͨ ϦΞϧλΠϜ%ͰӨΛඳͨ͘Ίͷೋେख๏ γϟυϚοϓ γϟυϘϦϡʔϜ
γϟυϚοϓ ޫͷҐஔ͔Βݟͯ ݟ͑ͳ͍ͷ͕Өͩ ޫͷҐஔ͔ΒγʔϯΛඳը͢Δ ͦͷࡍͷਂόοϑΝ ·Ͱͷڑใ Λ ςΫενϟͱͯ͠ࢹͷҐஔ͔ΒγʔϯʹషΔ ۙ ۙ
ԕ ۙ ࣮ࡍͷڑͱςΫενϟͱͯ͠షΒΕͨڑ͕ ৯͍ҧ͍ͬͯΔͱ͜ΖӨͩʂ
γϟυϚοϓ
ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓͷ ηϧϑγϟυ
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ӨΛ͚͍ͨ ϨϦʔϑϚοϓͷತԜʹӨΛ͚͍ͨ جຊతʹγϟυϚοϓͱಉ͡ߟ͑ํΛ͢Δ ޫͷҐஔ͔Βݟ͑Δ·Ͱͷڑͱ ࣮ࡍͷ͔Βޫ·Ͱͷڑ͕ Ұக͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ͕Өͩʂ ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓͷηϧϑγϟυ
ߴ͞Ϛοϓ ίʔϯεςοϓϚοϓͷηϧϑγϟυ εςοϓ ࢹ͔Βݟ͑ΔҐஔΛܭࢉ͢Δ ී௨ͷϨϦʔϑϚοϓ εςοϓ ࢹ͔Βݟ͑ΔҐஔͱޫͷҐஔΛ ݁Ϳઢͱ໘ͷަΛٻΊΔ ͜͜
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