The story of the Android app

Presentation given on Mobiconf 2016 about building Azimo Android app. To make both - product and engineering team happy.

More about presentation: http://2016.mobiconf.org/speakers#Miroslaw_Stanek

Useful materials:
Dagger2Recipes, example projects of Dagger 2 showed on presentation are available on my Github account: https://github.com/frogermcs

1. THE STORY OF THE APP 1
3. Michael Kent, Azimo CEO “We have no way of knowing how people will
 interact with technology, but what we DO know 
 is that it will be different from how they do it today 
 and very different again five years after that.... 
 Change being the only constant”
4. SHIP FAST
5. SHIP FAST = LEARN FAST
6. DATA FIRST
8. <<<
10. ➡ ?
11. ➡
12. vs
13. <
14. VISION DATA ⚔ ?
16. 1 year goal
17. 1 year goal ? ? ? ?
18. 1 year goal 3 months goal
19. 1 year goal 3 months goal
20. 1 year goal Progress
21. 1 year goal our achievement
22. = SHIP FAST
23. TESTING AUTOMATIONS
24. TESTS 1 CODE
25. ⏲
26. 5 months
 development 6 months
 development (with tests)
27. 5 months
 development 6 months
 development (with tests) 1 month new features/adjustments
28. 5 months
 development 6 months
 development (with tests) 1 month new features/adjustments 2 months manual testing + bug fixes (x) iterations
29. New
 version 1 month each new version in 2015 7 months 1st app version
30. New
 version New
 version New
 version New
 version New
 version 1 month Now each new version in 2015 1 week
31. TEST MANUALLY ONLY ONCE
32. ‣ Slow ‣ Boring ‣ Not cool… MANUAL TESTING ‣ Slow ‣ Boring ‣ Not cool…
33. public boolean shouldAskForAppRate() {
 if (!isSuccessfulFlow())
 return false;
 
 if (isUsingAppLongEnough())
 return true;
 
 return false;
 }
34. @Test
 public void testShouldShowRateBoxOnlyUnderRightConditions() {
 when(appDataMock.getAppInstallTime()).thenReturn(DATE_7_DAYS_AGO);
 when(rateBoxReminderMock.isDelayed()).thenReturn(false);
 
 assertEquals(rateBoxManager.shouldAskForAppRate(), true);
 when(appDataMock.getAppInstallTime()).thenReturn(DATE_TODAY);
 when(rateBoxReminderMock.isDelayed()).thenReturn(true);
 
 assertEquals(rateBoxManager.shouldAskForAppRate(), false);
 }
35. ‣ Android Studio + JUnit ‣ Hamcrest ‣ Mockito ‣ Unit testing = development BASIC TOOLSET ‣ Android Studio + JUnit ‣ Hamcrest ‣ Mockito ‣ Unit testing = development
36. IF WRITING TESTS IS HARD, THAT MIGHT BE A BUG
37. TEST LOGIC, NOT SDK
38. Activity XML business logic
39. VIEW LOGIC ANDROID SDK JAVA Activity XML business logic
40. ?
41. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
 public class MyActivityTest {
 
 @Test
 public void clickingButton_shouldChangeResultsViewText() throws Exception {
 MyActivity activity = Robolectric.setupActivity(MyActivity.class);
 
 Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button);
 TextView results = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.results);
 
 button.performClick();
 assertThat(results.getText().toString()).isEqualTo("Robolectric Rocks!");
 }
 }
42. public class MyActivityPresenterTest {
 
 @Test
 public void clickingButton_shouldChangeResultsViewText() throws Exception {
 presenter.onButtonClick();
 verify(activity).changeResultsViewText(eq(“Robolectric Rocks!”));
 }
 }
43. github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture
44. • Basic Model-View-Presenter architecture: • Data Binding Library • Clean Architecture • Dagger2 for Dependency Injection • uses RxJava for concurrency and data layer abstraction github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture
45. github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture • Basic Model-View-Presenter architecture: • Data Binding Library • Clean Architecture • Dagger2 for Dependency Injection • RxJava for concurrency and data layer abstraction
46. DEPENDENCY INJECTION
47. UserManager UserManager RestClient UserStore UserManager UserManager RestClient UserStore RestClient UserStore
48. UserManager UserManager RestClient UserStore RestClient UserStore SQLite SharedPreferences UserStore Mock object UserStore
49. public class SplashActivity extends BaseActivity {
 
 private SplashActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle bundle) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 
 RestAdapter.Builder restAdapterBuilder = new RestAdapter.Builder()
 .setClient(HttpClient.getInstance())
 .setEndpoint(getString(R.string.endpoint));
 RestAdapter restAdapter = restAdapterBuilder.build();
 
 ApiService apiService = restAdapter.create(ApiService.class);
 
 UserManager userManager = new UserManager(apiService);
 
 presenter = new SplashActivityPresenter(this, Validator.getInstance(), userManager);
 }
 }
50. *Or any other DI framework DAGGER 2
51. public class SplashActivity extends BaseActivity {
 
 @Inject
 SplashActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 getSplashActivityComponent().inject(this);
 }
 }
52. SplashActivityModule SplashActivity SplashActivityPresenter AppModule Application Validator ApiModule OkhttpClient RestAdapter GithubApiService UserManager SplashActivtity SplashActivityPresenter @Inject SplashActivtityPresenter SplashActivity Validator UserManager @Inject Initialization Usage Initialization/usage separation
53. SplashActivityModule SplashActivity SplashActivityPresenter AppModule Application Validator ApiModule OkhttpClient RestAdapter GithubApiService UserManager SplashActivtity SplashActivityPresenter @Inject SplashActivtityPresenter SplashActivity Validator UserManager @Inject Initialization/usage separation Initialization Usage
54. @Module
 public class GithubApiModule {
 
 @Provides @Singleton
 public OkHttpClient provideOkHttpClient() {
 return new OkHttpClient.Builder()
 .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
 .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
 .build();
 } 
 @Provides @Singleton
 public Retrofit provideRestAdapter(Application app, OkHttpClient okHttpClient) {
 return new Retrofit.Builder().client(okHttpClient)
 .baseUrl(application.getString(R.string.endpoint))
 .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
 .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
 .build();
 }
 
 @Provides @Singleton
 public GithubApiService provideGithubApiService(Retrofit restAdapter) {
 return restAdapter.create(GithubApiService.class);
 }
 }
55. public class SplashActivity extends BaseActivity {
 
 @Inject
 SplashActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 getSplashActivityComponent().inject(this);
 }
 }
56. public class SplashActivity extends BaseActivity {
 
 @Inject
 SplashActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 getSplashActivityComponent().inject(this);
 }
 }
57. public class SplashActivity extends BaseActivity {
 
 @Inject
 SplashActivityPresenter presenter;
 @Inject
 Provider<AnalyticsEvent> analyticsEventProvider; @Inject
 Lazy<ValidatioNErrorManager> lazyValidationErrorManager; 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 getSplashActivityComponent().inject(this);
 }
 }
58. public class SplashActivity {
 
 @Inject
 Validator validator;
 
 //...
 } SplashActivtity Validator DIRECT INJECTION
59. LAZY INJECTION public class SplashActivity {
 
 @Inject
 Lazy<Validator> lazyValidator;
 
 //...
 } SplashActivtity Validator Lazy<Validator> 1st get() call nth get() call get() SplashActivtity Dependencies Graph Validator Lazy<Validator> Same instance like in 1st call …
60. PROVIDER INJECTION 1st get() call nth get() call … get() (instance 1) SplashActivtity Dependencies Graph Validator Provider<Validator> Validator Validator Provider<Validator> get() (instance n) SplashActivtity Dependencies Graph Validator New instance every time public class SplashActivity {
 
 @Inject
 Provider<Validator> validatorProvider;
 
 //...
 }
61. @Inject
 Observable<Analytics> analytics;
62. @Module
 public class AnalyticsModule { @Provides
 @Singleton
 public Observable<Analytics> analyticsObservable(final Lazy<Analytics> analyticsLazy) {
 return Observable.defer(new Func0<Observable<Analytics>>() {
 @Override
 public Observable<Analytics> call() {
 return Observable.just(analyticsLazy.get());
 }
 });
 } } @Inject
 Observable<Analytics> analytics;
63. Lazy injection
 app launch time optimizations Launch time without lazy loading: 650ms SplashActivity Crashlytics 200ms Mixpanel Google Analytics 100ms Rest Client 150ms 200ms
64. Lazy injection
 app launch time optimizations Launch time without lazy loading: 650ms SplashActivity Crashlytics 200ms Mixpanel Google Analytics 100ms Rest Client 150ms 200ms SplashActivity Crashlytics 200ms Mixpanel Google Analytics 100ms Rest Client 150ms 200ms Launch time with lazy loading: 100ms +550ms UI thread blocking later Those will be Lazy-loaded
65. Observable injection
 app launch time optimizations SplashActivity Crashlytics 100ms Launch time: 100ms Rest of dependencies are loaded in background thread Background thread 200ms Mixpanel Google Analytics Rest Client 150ms 200ms
66. CLEANER CODE
67. public class RepositoriesListActivity extends BaseActivity {
 @Bind(R.id.rvRepositories) RecyclerView rvRepositories;
 @Inject RepositoriesListActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 private RepositoriesListAdapter repositoriesListAdapter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activty_repositories_list);
 ButterKnife.bind(this);
 setupRepositoriesListView();
 }
 
 private void setupRepositoriesListView() { rvRepositories.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
 repositoriesListAdapter = new RepositoriesListAdapter(this);
 rvRepositories.setAdapter(repositoriesListAdapter);
 }
 
 //...
 }
68. public class RepositoriesListActivity extends BaseActivity {
 @Bind(R.id.rvRepositories) RecyclerView rvRepositories;
 @Inject RepositoriesListActivityPresenter presenter;
 
 private RepositoriesListAdapter repositoriesListAdapter;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activty_repositories_list);
 ButterKnife.bind(this);
 setupRepositoriesListView();
 }
 
 private void setupRepositoriesListView() { rvRepositories.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
 repositoriesListAdapter = new RepositoriesListAdapter(this);
 rvRepositories.setAdapter(repositoriesListAdapter);
 }
 
 //...
 }
69. public class RepositoriesListActivity extends BaseActivity {
 @Bind(R.id.rvRepositories) RecyclerView rvRepositories;
 
 @Inject RepositoriesListActivityPresenter presenter; @Inject RepositoriesListAdapter repositoriesListAdapter;
 @Inject LinearLayoutManager linearLayoutManager;
 
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_repositories_list);
 ButterKnife.bind(this);
 setupRepositoriesListView();
 presenter.loadRepositories();
 }
 
 private void setupRepositoriesListView() {
 rvRepositories.setAdapter(repositoriesListAdapter);
 rvRepositories.setLayoutManager(linearLayoutManager);
 }
 //... }
70. public class RepositoriesListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
 
 //...
 
 @Override
 public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
 final RecyclerView.ViewHolder viewHolder = null;
 if (viewType == Repository.TYPE_NORMAL) {
 View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.list_item_normal, parent, false);
 viewHolder = new RepositoryViewHolderNormal();
 } else if (viewType == Repository.TYPE_BIG) {
 View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.list_item_big, parent, false);
 viewHolder = new RepositoryViewHolderBig(view);
 } else if (viewType == Repository.TYPE_FEATURED) {
 View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.list_item_featured, parent, false);
 viewHolder = new RepositoryViewHolderFeatured(view);-
 }
 
 return viewHolder;
 }
 
 @Override
 public int getItemViewType(int position) {
 Repository repository = repositories.get(position);
 if (repository.stargazers_count > 500) {
 if (repository.forks_count > 100) {
 return Repository.TYPE_FEATURED;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_BIG;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_NORMAL;
 }
 //...
 }
71. public class RepositoriesListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
 private Map<Integer, RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory> viewHolderFactories; 
 //… 
 @Override
 public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
 return viewHolderFactories.get(viewType).createViewHolder(parent);
 }
 
 @Override
 public int getItemViewType(int position) {
 Repository repository = repositories.get(position);
 if (repository.stargazers_count > 500) {
 if (repository.forks_count > 100) {
 return Repository.TYPE_FEATURED;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_BIG;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_NORMAL;
 } 
 //… 
 }
72. public class RepositoriesListAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {
 private Map<Integer, RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory> viewHolderFactories; 
 //… 
 @Override
 public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
 return viewHolderFactories.get(viewType).createViewHolder(parent);
 }
 
 @Override
 public int getItemViewType(int position) {
 Repository repository = repositories.get(position);
 if (repository.stargazers_count > 500) {
 if (repository.forks_count > 100) {
 return Repository.TYPE_FEATURED;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_BIG;
 }
 return Repository.TYPE_NORMAL;
 } 
 //… 
 }
73. @Module
 public class RepositoriesListActivityModule extends BaseActivityModule<RepositoriesListActivity> {
 
 //…
 
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_BIG)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderBigFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderBigFactory();
 }
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_NORMAL)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderNormalFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderNormalFactory();
 } 
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_FEATURED)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderFeaturedFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderFeaturedFactory();
 }
 } MULTIBINDING
74. @Module
 public class RepositoriesListActivityModule extends BaseActivityModule<RepositoriesListActivity> {
 
 //…
 
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_BIG)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderBigFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderBigFactory();
 }
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_NORMAL)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderNormalFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderNormalFactory();
 } 
 @Provides
 @IntoMap
 @IntKey(Repository.TYPE_FEATURED)
 RepositoriesListViewHolderFactory provideViewHolderFeaturedFactory() {
 return new RepositoryViewHolderFeaturedFactory();
 }
 }
75. DAGGER 2 • Compile time generation and validation • Custom scopes • Speed and memory management
76. Dagger2Recipes https://github.com/frogermcs • UserScope • Async injection • MultiBinding + Autofactory • Example app: Github client
77. AUTOMATION
78. THE MOST MINIMALISTIC APP
81. The only trusted person in team
82. build_internalDebug - build most recent dev version, API >= 21, no pro guard, debug panel build_releaseCandidate - build release candidate for testers, API >= 18, proguard, debug panel build_productionRelease - build production app, API >= 16, proguard
84. Lane build_internalDebug clean assemble branch: develop build flavor: internalDebug
85. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests assemble
86. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests assemble coverage
87. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests assemble coverage
88. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests lint assemble coverage
89. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests lint assemble coverage
90. Lane build_internalDebug clean unit tests lint assemble coverage
91. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug branch: release/* build flavor: release
92. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug upload: Crashlytics Beta
93. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug upload: Crashlytics Beta
94. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug upload: Crashlytics Beta notify: Slack
95. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug upload: Crashlytics Beta notify: Slack upload: Nimbledroid
96. Lane build_releaseCandidate build_internalDebug upload: Crashlytics Beta notify: Slack upload: Nimbledroid
97. Lane build_productionRelease build_internalDebug branch: master build flavor: release
98. Lane build_productionRelease build_internalDebug branch: master build flavor: release supply • Sign apk • Update store description • Push to: alpha/beta/release
99. Other lanes Automation_EndToEnd_CompleteTestSuite
100. Other lanes Automation_EndToEnd_CompleteTestSuite
101. Other lanes Static_code_analysis (powered by Facebook infer) - http://fbinfer.com/ Automation_EndToEnd_CompleteTestSuite
103. Our job is to make software that works* *In a long term
104. 104 THANKS! froger_mcs mirek@azimo.com