Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

Implementing Observability for Kubernetes

Implementing Observability for Kubernetes

No production system is complete without a way to monitor it. In software, we define observability as the ability to understand how our system is performing. This talk dives into capabilities and tools that are recommended for implementing observability when running K8s in production as the main platform today for deploying and maintaining containers with cloud-native solutions.
We start by introducing the concept of observability in the context of distributed systems such as K8s and the difference with monitoring. We continue by reviewing the observability stack in K8s and the main functionalities. Finally, we will review the tools K8s provides for monitoring and logging, and get metrics from applications and infrastructure.
Between the points to be discussed we can highlight:
-Introducing the concept of observability
-Observability stack in K8s
-Tools and apps for implementing Kubernetes observability
-Integrating Prometheus with OpenMetrics

jmortegac

August 16, 2023
Tweet

More Decks by jmortegac

Other Decks in Technology

Transcript

  1. Agenda • Introducing the concept of observability • Implementing Kubernetes

    observability • Observability stack in K8s • Integrating Prometheus with OpenTelemetry
  2. Introducing the concept of observability • Software architecture is more

    complex. • Pillars of observability—logs, metrics, and traces. • Observability is now a top priority for DevOps teams.
  3. Implementing Kubernetes observability 1. Node status. Current health status and

    availability of the node. 2. Node resource usage metrics. Disk and memory utilization, CPU and network bandwidth. 3. Implementation status. Current and desired state of the deployments in the cluster. 4. Number of pods. Kubernetes internal components and processes use this information to manage the workload and schedule the pods.
  4. Implementing Kubernetes observability 1. Kubernetes metrics. These metrics apply to

    the number and types of resources within a pod. This metric includes resource limit tracking to avoid running out of system resources. 2. Container metrics. These metrics capture the utilization of container-level resources, such as CPU, memory, and network usage. 3. Application metrics. Such metrics include the number of active or online users and response times.
  5. Observability stack in K8s • Kubewatch is an open-source Kubernetes

    monitoring tool that sends notifications about changes in a Kubernetes cluster to various communication channels, such as Slack, Microsoft Teams, or email. • It monitors Kubernetes resources, such as deployments, services, and pods, and alerts users in real-time when changes occur. https://github.com/vmware-archive/kubewatch
  6. Observability stack in K8s • Jaeger is an open-source distributed

    tracing system • The tool is designed to monitor and troubleshoot distributed microservices, mostly focusing on: ◦ Distributed context propagation ◦ Distributed transaction monitoring ◦ Root cause analysis ◦ Service dependency analysis ◦ Performance/latency optimization https://www.jaegertracing.io
  7. Observability stack in K8s • Fluentd is an open-source data

    collector for unified logging layers. • It works with Kubernetes running as DaemonSet. This combination ensures that all nodes run one copy of a pod. https://www.fluentd.org
  8. Observability stack in K8s apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name:

    fluentd namespace: kube-system spec: containers: – name: fluentd image: quay.io/fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset
  9. Observability stack in K8s • Prometheus is a cloud native

    time series data store with built-in rich query language for metrics. • Collecting data with Prometheus opens up many possibilities for increasing the observability of your infrastructure and the containers running in Kubernetes cluster. https://prometheus.io
  10. Observability stack in K8s • Multi-dimensional data model • Prometheus

    query language(PromQL) • Data collection • Storage • Visualization(Grafana) https://prometheus.io
  11. Observability stack in K8s • Most of the metrics can

    be exported using node_exporter https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter and cAdvisor https://github.com/google/cadvisor ◦ Resource utilization saturation. The containers’ resource consumption and allocation. ◦ The number of failing pods and errors within a specific namespace. ◦ Kubernetes resource capacity. The total number of nodes, CPU cores, and memory available.
  12. Observability stack in K8s • Service dependencies & communication map

    ◦ What services are communicating with each other? ◦ What HTTP calls are being made? • Operational monitoring & alerting ◦ Is any network communication failing? ◦ Is the communication broken on layer 4 (TCP) or layer 7 (HTTP)? • Application monitoring ◦ What is the rate of 5xx or 4xx HTTP response codes for a particular service or across all clusters? • Security observability ◦ Which services had connections blocked due to network policy? https://github.com/cilium/hubble
  13. Integrating Prometheus with OpenTelemetry • Receivers: are the data sources

    of observability information. • Processors: they process the information received before it is exported to the different backends. • Exporters: they are in charge of exporting the information to the different backends, such as Jaeger or Kafka
  14. https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector otel-collector: image: otel/opentelemetry-collector:latest command: [ "--config=/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml" ] volumes: -

    ./otel-collector-config.yaml:/etc/otel-collector-config.yaml:Z ports: - "13133:13133" - "4317:4317" - "4318:4318" depends_on: - jaeger Integrating Prometheus with OpenTelemetry otel-collector-config.yaml
  15. processors: batch: extensions: health_check: service: extensions: [health_check] pipelines: traces: receivers:

    [otlp] processors: [batch] exporters: [jaeger] receivers: otlp: protocols: grpc: endpoint: otel-collector:4317 exporters: jaeger: endpoint: jaeger:14250 tls: insecure: true Integrating Prometheus with OpenTelemetry otel-collector-config.yaml
  16. Integrating Prometheus with OpenTelemetry receivers: .. prometheus: config: scrape_configs: -

    job_name: 'service-a' scrape_interval: 2s metrics_path: '/metrics/prometheus' static_configs: - targets: [ 'service-a:8080' ] - job_name: 'service-b' scrape_interval: 2s metrics_path: '/actuator/prometheus' static_configs: - targets: [ 'service-b:8081' ] - job_name: 'service-c' scrape_interval: 2s
  17. Conclusions • Lean on the native capabilities of Kubernetes for

    the collection and exploitation of metrics in order to know the state of health of your pods and, in general, of your cluster. • Use these metrics to be able to create alarms that proactively notify us of errors or even allow us to anticipate issues in our applications or infraestructure.