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etcd - mission-critical key-value store - CoreO...
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Brandon Philips
May 09, 2016
Programming
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etcd - mission-critical key-value store - CoreOS Fest 2016
Brandon Philips
May 09, 2016
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Transcript
Brandon Philips @BrandonPhilips |
[email protected]
etcd - mission-critical key-value store
Uncoordinated Upgrades
... ... ... ... ... ... Unavailable Uncoordinated Upgrades
Motivation CoreOS cluster reboot lock - Decrement a semaphore key
atomically - Reboot and wait... - After reboot increment the semaphore key
3 CoreOS updates coordination
CoreOS updates coordination 3
... CoreOS updates coordination 2
... ... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
... ... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
... ... ... CoreOS updates coordination 0
CoreOS updates coordination
Store Application Configuration config
config Start / Restart Start / Restart Store Application Configuration
config Update Store Application Configuration
config Unavailable Store Application Configuration
Requirements Strong Consistency - mutual exclusive at any time for
locking purpose Highly Available - resilient to single points of failure & network partitions Watchable - push configuration updates to application
Requirements CAP - We want CP - We want something
like Paxos
Common problem GFS Paxos Big Table Spanner CFS Chubby Google
- “All” infrastructure relies on Paxos
Common problem Amazon - Replicated log powers ec2 Microsoft -
Boxwood powers storage infrastructure Hadoop - ZooKeeper is the heart of the ecosystem
COMMON PROBLEM #GIFEE and Cloud Native Solution
10,000 Stars on Github 250 contributors Google, Red Hat, EMC,
Cisco, Huawei, Baidu, Alibaba...
THE HEART OF CLOUD NATIVE Kubernetes, Cloud Foundry Diego, Project
Calico, many others
ETCD KEY VALUE STORE Fully Replicated, Highly Available, Consistent
PUT(foo, bar), GET(foo), DELETE(foo) Watch(foo) CAS(foo, bar, bar1) Key-value Operations
DEMO play.etcd.io
Runtime Reconfiguration Point-in-time Backup Extensive Metrics etcd Operationality
ETCD v3 Successor of etcd v2
ETCD v3 Better Performance
ETCD v3 More Efficient APIs
Multi-Version Put(foo, bar) Put(foo, bar1) Put(foo, bar2) Get(foo) -> bar2
Multi-Version Put(foo, bar) Put(foo, bar1) Put(foo, bar2) Get(foo, 1) ->
bar
Tx.If( Compare(Value("foo"), ">", "bar"), Compare(Version("foo"), "=", 2), ... ).Then( Put("ok","true")...
).Else( Put("ok","false")... ).Commit() Mini-Transactions
l = CreateLease(15 * second) Put(foo, bar, l) l.KeepAlive() l.Revoke()
Leases
w = Watch(foo) for { r = w.Recv() print(r.Event) //
PUT print(r.KV) // foo,bar } Streaming Watch
Synchronization LoC
ETCD v2 machine coordination -> O(10k)
ETCD v3 app/container coordination -> O(1M)
Performance 1K keys
Performance Snapshot caused performance degradation etcd2 - 600K keys
Performance etcd2 - 600K keys Snapshot triggered elections
ZooKeeper Performance Non-blocking full snapshot Efficient memory management
Performance ZooKeeper default
Performance Snapshot triggered election ZooKeeper default
Performance Snapshot ZooKeeper default
Performance GC ZooKeeper snapshot disabled
Reliable Performance - Similar to ZooKeeper with snapshot disabled -
Incremental snapshot - No Garbage Collection Pauses - Off-heap storage
Performance etcd3 /ZooKeeper snapshot disabled
Performance etcd3 /ZooKeeper snapshot disabled
Memory 10GB 2.4GB 0.8GB 512MB data - 2M 256B keys
Reliability 99% at small scale is easy - Failure is
infrequent and human manageable 99% at large scale is not enough - Not manageable by humans 99.99% at large scale - Reliable systems at bottom layer
HOW DO WE ACHIEVE RELIABILITY WAL, Snapshots, Testing
Write Ahead Log Append only - Simple is good Rolling
CRC protected - Storage & OSes can be unreliable
Snapshots Torturing DBs for Fun and Profit (OSDI2014) - The
simpler database is safer - LMDB was the winner Boltdb an append only B+Tree - A simpler LMDB written in Go
Testing Clusters Failure Inject failures into running clusters White box
runtime checking - Hash state of the system - Progress of the system
Testing Cluster Health with Failures Issue lock operations across cluster
Ensure the correctness of client library
TESTING CLUSTER dash.etcd.io
etcd/raft Reliability Designed for testability and flexibility Used by large
scale db systems and others - Cockroachdb, TiKV, Dgraph
etcd vs others Do one thing
etcd vs others Only do the One Thing
etcd vs others Do it Really Well
etcd Reliability Do it Really Well
ETCD v3.0 BETA Efficient and Scalable
BETA AVAILABLE TODAY github.com/coreos/etcd
FUTURE WORK Proxy, Caching, Watch Coalescing, Secondary Index
GET INVOLVED github.com/coreos/etcd
Brandon Philips @BrandonPhilips |
[email protected]
etcd - mission-critical key-value store
Thank you!