Future Trends and Review - Lecture 12 - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)

This lecture forms part of the course Web Technologies given at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

Transcript

1. 2 December 2005 Web Technologies Future Trends and Course Review Prof. Beat Signer Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel beatsigner.com Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel beatsigner.com
2. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 2 December 16, 2025 back-to-the-future-delorean_1.jpg The Future of the Web ▪ From a Web of documents (e.g. HTML pages) to a Web of structured data and services ▪ semantic web and linked data ▪ cloud computing ▪ enabling technologies - URI, XML, RDF and OWL ▪ The Internet as one global machine ▪ interoperability of services ▪ automatic reasoning ▪ The Mobile Web ▪ access information and services offered by the global machine from everywhere at any time, feed the machine with new data and teach the machine new relationships between data
3. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 3 December 16, 2025 The Future of the Web ... ▪ Internet of Things (Web of Things) ▪ integration of physical objects with the global machine ▪ physical world gets reflected in digital space via sensor input data (e.g. digital twins) - RFID, GPS, temperature, ... ▪ information and services managed by the global machine get projected into the physical space via augmented reality ▪ Personal data that is nowadays stored in folders on personal computers might move to the global machine ▪ User interfaces for the global machine ▪ personalised filtering and recommendation of related information based on user profiling and AI technologies (risk of filter bubble) ▪ cross-media browsers
4. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 4 December 16, 2025 The Future of the Web ... ▪ How will documents look like in the future? ▪ graph of linked data ▪ documents as structural view of the linked data ▪ How are the presented ideas related to approaches introduced earlier in the course? ▪ e.g.Bush's Memex or Nelson's Xanadu ▪ Not only about connecting our data, services and machines, but we are the machine ▪ How will generative AI affect the Web? ▪ content creation and personalisation ▪ altered search landscape ▪ copyright and data
5. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 5 December 16, 2025 The Future of the Internet internet of things web of data self-organising cloud computing security and privacy mobile web social computing one global machine
6. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 6 December 16, 2025 Solid ▪ Social Linked Data ▪ web decentralisation project led by Tim Berners-Lee ▪ set of tools and conventions based on Linked Data principles (URI, RDF(S), OWL, SPARQL, ...) ▪ Give users control over their data (true data ownership) ▪ personal online datastores (pods) - users decide where their pods are hosted ▪ decoupling of applications and data - data can be reused across applications - avoids vendor lock-in app X app Y pod 1 pod 2 pod 3 pod 4
7. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 7 December 16, 2025 New Forms of User Interfaces ▪ Is the concept of a document still the right metaphor for accessing linked data? ▪ What about interfaces with semantic zooming functionality to seamlessly dive into more details? ▪ Will the increasing impact of social computing also be manifested in future interfaces for the global machine? ▪ e.g.filtering and ranking of information Microsoft's Photosynth interface for digital images
8. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 8 December 16, 2025 New Forms of User Interfaces ... ▪ In the future we will no longer just access information from the machine via a web browser but augment and use the physical environment as natural user interface (augmented reality interfaces) ▪ The use of linked data could help to overcome some the limitations of existing document-centric desktop interfaces ▪ files as ultimate level of granularity ▪ no links (associations) between files or parts of files ▪ missing content annotation functionality
9. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 9 December 16, 2025 New Forms of User Interfaces ... augmented car windshield augmented phone display Wikitude World Browser Mojo Vision Augmented reality windshield, GM augmented reality contact lens Apple Vision Pro
10. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 10 December 16, 2025 A person wearing virtual reality goggles Description automatically generated Hypertext principles can play a major role in realising a general infrastructure for human- information interaction in mixed reality environments B. Signer, As We May Interact: Challenges and Opportunities for Next-Generation Human-Information Interaction
11. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 11 December 16, 2025 General Infrastructure for Mixed Reality ▪ W3C WebXR Device API ▪ cross-platform compatibility ▪ web-based applications running in a browser ▪ W3C Web of Things (WoT) Thing Description (TD) ▪ metadata and interfaces of IoT devices & passive things ▪ Solid Project ▪ decentralised Solid Pods in addition to the Web ▪ collaborative authoring and sharing of information Solid
12. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 12 December 16, 2025 edfestComponents 01001000100 0101001100010010100010010 0100100010010001000100001001000 100010001100001001000110010101010110 1100010010100010010010010100010101011001 101001100001100 101010100 0010100 100 110101010101 00100 01010101000 1001 1111111111 111 0000000010 0 11111111 0101001011 010101010 111010101 001010010110 splash.gif Fluid Cross-Media Information Spaces
13. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 13 December 16, 2025 RSL Hypermedia Metamodel and iServer iwebfirefox movieplugin ipaper Global Information Systems Group, ETH Zurich
14. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 14 December 16, 2025 iserverNew_blue Global Information Systems Group, ETH Zurich
15. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 15 December 16, 2025 Interactive Festival Guide (EdFest) edfestComponents Global Information Systems Group ETH Zurich
16. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 16 December 16, 2025 Personal Information Management (PIM) ▪ Keeping, organising and re-finding information ▪ digital and physical ▪ Study of human- information interaction ▪ files, piles, mixtures, … ▪ OC2 PIM model ▪ based on RSL hypermedia metamodel ▪ Cross-Media PIM system ▪ explicit as well as implicit associations between entities
17. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 17 December 16, 2025 MindXpres Presentation Platform ▪ Flexible representation of presentations ▪ use of structural RSL links ▪ separation of content and structure ▪ based on HTML5, JS & CSS ▪ Extensible platform ▪ content-based approach ▪ content reuse (transclusion) ▪ non-linear navigation and zoomable user interface ▪ associative linking ▪ rich media types Reinout Roels
18. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 18 December 16, 2025 EUD of Cross-Device and IoT Applications ▪ Rapid prototyping platform for cross-device and IoT applications (eSPACE) ▪ End-user authoring ▪ customised distribution of user interface components ▪ mashup tool for digital and physical (IoT) components
19. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 19 December 16, 2025 RSL-based Associative File System signer My Pictures Vancouver ER 2010 Granville Island Vancouver Harbour Public Market Keynote J. Thorp Olga and Lamia Dinner ER 2010 multiple classification structural link navigational link My Videos Vancouver Aquarium ER 2010 Keynote cross-media association My Presentations ER 2010 WISE 2009 cross-media transclusion single slide transclusion (via OOXML RSL selector) Gregory Cardone
20. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 20 December 16, 2025 RSL-based Associative File System ... Brent Willems Graphical user interface Description automatically generated
21. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 21 December 16, 2025 RSL-based Hypermedia Engine RSL-based Hypermedia Engine Legacy Applications File System Driver Hypermedia-enabled Applications HT2021.docx HT2021.docx …
22. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 22 December 16, 2025 Course Summary 1. Introduction ▪ history of the Web - Memex, Xanadu and various hypertext systems ▪ ARPANET and TCP/IP ▪ World Wide Web 2. Web Architectures ▪ HTTP protocol and session management ▪ client-server architectures, proxies, tunnels and gateways ▪ caching ▪ client-side processing - JavaScript, Java Applets, ... ▪ server-side processing - CGI, Java Servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP), ...
23. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 23 December 16, 2025 Course Summary … 3. Web Application Frameworks ▪ Model-View-Controller (MVC) and MVC Model 2 ▪ Apache Struts 2 ▪ Spring framework, CakePHP, Node.js, ... ▪ web content management systems 4. HTML5 and the Open Web Platform ▪ history of HTML ▪ HTML5 principles and markup ▪ HTML5 APIs - e.g. WebSockets, Geolocation, Drag and Drop, …
24. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 24 December 16, 2025 Course Summary … 5. CSS3 and Responsive Web Design ▪ CSS syntax and selectors ▪ CSS inclusion and cascading ▪ box model and layouting ▪ flexbox layout ▪ responsive web design - media queries, breakpoints, … 6. JavaScript ▪ basic JavaScript concepts ▪ classes and modules ▪ JavaScript best practices ▪ JavaScript DOM manipulation and event handling ▪ JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
25. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 25 December 16, 2025 Course Summary … 7. XML and Related Technologies ▪ SAX (Simple API for XML) and DOM (Document Object Model) ▪ XSL (XSLT) ▪ XPath, XPointer and XLink ▪ Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML Schema ▪ XML-RPC, VoiceXML etc. 8. Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies ▪ main concepts and interactions ▪ various Web 2.0 applications and social implications ▪ asynchronous partial updates and RIAs - AJAX ▪ service-oriented architectures (SOAs) - Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services
26. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 26 December 16, 2025 Course Summary … 9. Semantic Web ▪ semantic web stack - RDF and RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, ... ▪ semantic web applications ▪ (X)HTML extensions and HTML5 Microdata - Microformats, RDFa 10.Web Search and SEO ▪ information retrieval concepts ▪ web search engine architectures ▪ Google PageRank algorithm ▪ search engine optimisations (SEO) - e.g. white and black hat optimisations
27. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 27 December 16, 2025 Course Summary … 11.Security, Privacy and Trust ▪ HTTP Authentication - basic authentication, digest authentication and base64 encoding ▪ symmetric key and public key cryptography - RSA cipher ▪ digital signatures and digital certificates ▪ TLS/SSL and HTTP Secure (HTTPS) ▪ privacy issues 12.Future Trends and Course Review ▪ web of data ▪ global machine ▪ new user interfaces ▪ RSL hypermedia metamodel
28. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 28 December 16, 2025 Exam ▪ Dates ▪ January 8&9(6 ECTS) and January 22&23 (3 ECTS) ▪ Each student will be assigned an examination slot of 20 minutes (15 minutes for 3 ECTS version) ▪ 5 minutes for questions about the assignment (6 ECTS) ▪ 15 minutes oral exam about different topics that have been covered in the course - note that there will be no specific preparation time
29. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 29 December 16, 2025 Exam … ▪ Grade = oral exam (50%) + assignment (50%) ▪ assignment is composed of two grades - overall grade for project where students have some flexibility in distributing the grades (±2 points) (70%) • by default, all team members get the same grade for assignment • send us an email before January 5, 2026 if you want to change the distribution - your contribution/knowledge to the project as checked in oral exam (30%) ▪ note that the grade for the oral exam as well as for the assign- ment have to be 8/20 or higher in order to pass the exam! ▪ Submission of the assignment via Canvas ▪ deadline: December 23, 24:00 (UTC+1)
30. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 30 December 16, 2025 Exam … ▪ Students following the 3 ECTS programme will only have an oral exam (100%) and no assignment ▪ The exam will cover all the content presented in the lectures as well as any additional information from the exercise sessions ▪ includes the videos shown in some of the lectures
31. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 31 December 16, 2025 Exam … ▪ Remember to read the following paper as it forms part of the course material ▪ Vannevar Bush, As We May Think, Atlanic Monthly, July 1945 ▪ Make sure that you can sketch basic architectures of web information systems ▪ possible roles of different technologies ▪ know how the things presented in different lectures fit together - e.g. security applied to varying architectures - e.g. web search for RIAs - … ▪ Make sure that you understand the basic concepts first ▪ however, we might ask questions at any level of detail to evaluate your knowledge
32. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 32 December 16, 2025 Other Courses ▪ Specialisation: Data Management and Analytics (DAMA) ▪ Advanced Topics in Big Data (MA) ▪ seminar about recent developments in Big Data ▪ scalable data management and big data analytics ▪ graph processing and distributed query processing ▪ human-data interaction and human-in-the loop data processing ▪ information visualisation and data physicalisation ▪ Information Visualisation (MA) ▪ perception and colour theory ▪ representation of data (encoding of value/relation) ▪ presentation of data (visualisation techniques) ▪ interaction ▪ dashboards and case studies
33. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 33 December 16, 2025 Other Courses ... ▪ Next Generation User Interfaces (MA) ▪ interaction design ▪ multimodal interaction - theoretical concepts, fusion and fission, ... ▪ interactive tabletops and surfaces ▪ pen-based interaction ▪ gesture-based interaction ▪ tangible interaction, virtual reality and augmented reality
34. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 34 December 16, 2025 Are You Interested in a Thesis? ▪ Possibilities for BA, MA and PhD theses ▪ Mixed Reality Solutions ▪ Tangible User Interfaces ▪ Dynamic Data Physicalisation - big data exploration interfaces ▪ Scholarly Workflow Tools ▪ MindXpres Presentation Platform ▪ Cross-Device and Cross-Media Interfaces ▪ Smart Environments and Cross-Domain Internet of Things (IoT) ▪ Personal Information Management (PIM) ▪ Interactive Paper Solutions ▪ Do you have your own ideas? Come along to discuss them... - https://beatsigner.com/flyers/ThesesOverview.pdf
35. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 35 December 16, 2025 References ▪ B. Signer and M.C. Norrie, As We May Link: A General Metamodel for Hypermedia Systems, Pro- ceedings of ER 2007, 26th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, November 2007 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_ER2007.pdf ▪ B. Signer, Towards Cross-Media Information Spaces and Architectures, Proceedings of RCIS 2019, 13th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, Brussels, Belgium, May 2019 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_RCIS2019.pdf
36. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 36 December 16, 2025 References ▪ B. Signer, R. Roels, R. van Barlingen and B. Willems, Back to the Future: Bringing Original Hyper- media Concepts to Modern Desktop Environments, Pro- ceedings of Hypertext 2021, 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media, Virtual Event, August 2021 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_Hypertext2021.pdf ▪ S. Trullemans, A. Sanctorum and B. Signer, PimVis: Exploring and Re-finding Documents in Cross-Media Information Spaces, Proceedings of AVI 2016, Inter- national Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, Bari, Italy, June 2016 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/trullemans_AVI2016.pdf
37. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 37 December 16, 2025 References … ▪ R. Roels and B. Signer, A Conceptual Framework and Content Model for Next Generation Presentation Solutions, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (PACMHCI), 3(Issue EICS), June 2019 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/roels_PACMHCI2019.pdf ▪ B. Signer, As We May Interact: Challenges and Opportunities for Next-Generation Human-Information Interaction, Proceedings of HUMAN 2024, Poznań, Poland, September 2024 ▪ https://beatsigner.com/publications/signer_HUMAN2024.pdf
38. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 38 December 16, 2025 References … ▪ Tekla S. Perry, Augmented Reality in a Contact Lens: It’s the Real Deal, IEEE Spectrum ▪ https://spectrum.ieee.org/ar-in-a-contact-lens-its-the-real-deal ▪ Solid Project ▪ https://solidproject.org
39. 2 December 2005 The End Good Luck with the Exam!