Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Sign up for free
Menu
Search
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Features
All features
Private URLs
Password Protection
Custom URLS
Scheduled publishing
Remove Branding
Restrict embedding
Deck Collections
Notes
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Explore
Featured decks
Featured speakers
Programming
Technology
Storyboards
Pricing
Search
Sign in
Sign up for free
高度なコード
Search
Aaron Patterson
September 22, 2014
Technology
1.4k
13
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
高度なコード
Aaron Patterson
September 22, 2014
More Decks by Aaron Patterson
See All by Aaron Patterson
Faster FFI for Ruby
tenderlove
0
110
RubyKaigi 2025: Class New, A New Approach
tenderlove
0
320
RubyKaigi Dev Meeting 2025
tenderlove
1
6.6k
Speeding up Instance Variables in Ruby 3.3
tenderlove
2
620
[Feature #20425] Speeding up delegate methods
tenderlove
3
410
RailsConf 2023
tenderlove
30
1.6k
Don't @ Me! Faster Instance Variables with Object Shapes
tenderlove
1
590
RailsConf 2022 Keynote
tenderlove
2
720
Some Assembly Required
tenderlove
1
680
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
AIがGISを代替する日:〜すべてをAIが創る時代に、私たちがFOSS4Gに関わる意味〜
lehupa
1
210
デザインレビューは自動化できるのか?─ Flutter × Figma で UI 品質保証を考える
techiro
2
810
Sizing, Benchmarking and Performance Tuning Apache Flink Clusters
rmetzger
0
130
複雑な業務システムを高速でつくるため、チーム全員をつくれる人へ
ayakurabuchi
0
140
公共システムAdventCalendar2026
toru_kubota
0
280
業務でAWSをあまり使っていない私が、AWSへのモチベを保つ方法
smt7174
0
170
分析作業をどこまで任せるか自分で決められる AIネイティブBI『Golden Analytics』が 良さげな話 /golden-analytics-is-ai-native-bi
shinyaa31
0
130
SLOを阻む不安
sraku2159
0
230
顧客合意を取りながら進めるAWSコスト削減の実践
optim
0
120
バックオフィスに染み出すTypeScript ── clasp で安全に仕組みを作る
nealle
1
180
AIエージェントの監視、思考を見るか行動を見るか / Monitoring AI Agents: Thoughts or Actions
yusukeshimizu
2
170
Metadata - Section 3 : Dublin Core Standard · DC
mohab1
0
110
Featured
See All Featured
ピンチをチャンスに:未来をつくるプロダクトロードマップ #pmconf2020
aki_iinuma
128
56k
SEO Brein meetup: CTRL+C is not how to scale international SEO
lindahogenes
2
3k
Let's Do A Bunch of Simple Stuff to Make Websites Faster
chriscoyier
508
140k
Why Mistakes Are the Best Teachers: Turning Failure into a Pathway for Growth
auna
0
350
Accessibility Awareness
sabderemane
1
290
Noah Learner - AI + Me: how we built a GSC Bulk Export data pipeline
techseoconnect
PRO
0
480
How to Ace a Technical Interview
jacobian
280
24k
Bioeconomy Workshop: Dr. Julius Ecuru, Opportunities for a Bioeconomy in West Africa
akademiya2063
PRO
1
450
Mobile First: as difficult as doing things right
swwweet
225
10k
A better future with KSS
kneath
240
18k
Test your architecture with Archunit
thirion
2
2.5k
Hiding What from Whom? A Critical Review of the History of Programming languages for Music
tomoyanonymous
3
1.4k
Transcript
( ͡ ° ͜ ʖ ͡ °) .oO(Hi)
ຖ߃ྫ$ ͷ$ ຊޠೳྗࢼݧ
Thanks!!!
Aaron Patterson
Ϩου ϋτ
None
None
Ruby Core Rails Core
ί ϛ ο τ ͠ ͯ! ϙ Π ϯ τ
Β ͓ ͏ ʂ
Revert Commits Count Too!
More mistakes == more points!!!!
ΦΨϫ͞Μ
ΰϒͪΌΜ
νϡʔνϡʔ
None
Ϗοάσʔλ
ϝλϧʹ$ ۙ͘ͳΔͨΊʹ
Node.JS
None
Speeding up Rails 4.2
ߟ͑ࣄ
Rack
͏ऴΘΓ
Rack ָ͡Όͳ͍
Rack 2.0 ൃද͠ͳ͍* * Rack 2.0 ൃද͠·͢ɻ
the_metal http://github.com/tenderlove/the_metal
def call(env) end άϩʔόϧม R ack 1.x
ετϦʔϛϯά class Stream def each loop { yield "hello world\n"
} end end $ def call(env) [200, {}, Stream.new] end R ack 1.x
def call(request, response) end IO IO the_m etal
request IOͱ ϦΩΣετͷใ! Λ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ
responseIOͱ Ϩεϙϯεͷใ! Λ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ
શ࣮ྫ TheMetal.create_server(->(req, res) { res.write_head 200, 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' res.write
"Hello World\n" res.finish }).listen 9292, '0.0.0.0'
Great for HTTP/1.1 Extendable to HTTP/ 2.0
RackΛͬͯ ָΛ͠·͠ΐ͏
ߟ͑ࣄ͚ͩɻ
ಡΜͰԼ͍͞ʂ http://github.com/tenderlove/the_metal
Speeding up Rails 4.2
Adequate$ Record
Performance$ Tools
benchmark/ips
benchmark/ips require 'benchmark/ips' require 'set' $ list = ('a'..'zzzz').to_a set
= Set.new list $ Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("set access") { set.include? "foo" } $ x.report("ary access") { list.include? "foo" } end G EM
ग़ྗ Calculating ------------------------------------- set access 68622 i/100ms ary access 395
i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- set access 3047175.3 (±12.7%) i/s - 14959596 in 5.018692s ary access 3899.2 (±7.1%) i/s - 19750 in 5.096118s ߹ ܭ IPS
Set Include: 3047175.3 / sec
Array Include: 3899.2 / sec
IPS: Higher Is Better
Blackbox Testing
Ωϟογϡͷςετ cache1 = Cache1.new cache2 = Cache2.new $ cache1["x"] =
Object.new cache2["x"] = Object.new $ Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("cache1") { cache1["x"] } x.report("cache2") { cache2["x"] } end
࣮ߦͷάϥϑ 10,000 ܁Γฦ࣌ؒ͢ (seconds) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 ΩϟογϡɹαΠζ
10 elements 100 elements 1000 elements 100000 elements Ωϟογϡ 1 Ωϟογϡ 2
Cacheͷ࣮ class Cache1 def initialize @cache = {} end def
[] k; @cache[k]; end def []= k,v; @cache[k] = v; end end $ class Cache2 def initialize @cache = [] end def [] k; x, = @cache.assoc(k); x; end def []= k,v; @cache << [k, v]; end end ఆ ઢܗ
۩ମతͳྫ Routes
Route දͷେ͖͞ link_to ʹؔ͋Δʁ
route ΛೖΕΔ class MyTest routes = ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet.new routes.draw { resources(:articles)
N.times do |num| resources num.to_s.to_sym end } end 10, 100, 1000
Sec /100k calls 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.3 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 link_to
URL ͷ͞ ࣮ߦʹ ؔ͋Γ·͔͢ʁ
͞ΛมԽ class MyTest routes = ActionDispatch::Routing::RouteSet.new link = N.times.map(&:to_s).join '/'
$ routes.draw { get "/#{link}/:id", :as => :article, :controller => :articles, :action => :show } end 10, 100, 1000
ඵ / 10ສճͷݺͼग़͠ 9 10.5 12 13.5 15 1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 link_to
Object Allocations
GC.stat()
߹ܭͷׂΓͯ GC.stat(:total_allocated_object)
۩ମతͳྫɿ Views
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end "/books/new"
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end
Request Benchmark task :allocated_objects do app = Ko1TestApp::Application.instance app.app do_test_task(app)
env = rackenv "/books/new" do_test_task(app, env.dup) before = GC.stat :total_allocated_object TEST_CNT.times { do_test_task(app, env.dup) } after = GC.stat :total_allocated_object puts (after - before) / TEST_CNT end
ςετͷ݁Ռ Request ͷΦϒδΣΫτஔ 2000 2150 2300 2450 2600 4-0-stable 4-1-stable
master 2000
Ͳ͏ͬͯ$ ӕΛ͔ͭ͘
ςετͷ݁Ռ Request ͷΦϒδΣΫτஔ 0 650 1300 1950 2600 4-0-stable 4-1-stable
master
4-0-stable ͔Β ~19%ݮΓ·ͨ͠
4-1-stable ͔Β ~14%ݮΓ·ͨ͠
allocation_tracer https://github.com/ko1/allocation_tracer
ྫ ObjectSpace::AllocationTracer.trace do 1000.times { ["foo", {}] } end $
ObjectSpace::AllocationTracer.allocated_count_table
Output {:T_NONE=>0, :T_OBJECT=>0, :T_CLASS=>0, :T_MODULE=>0, :T_FLOAT=>0, :T_STRING=>1000, :T_REGEXP=>0, :T_ARRAY=>1000, :T_HASH=>1000,
:T_ZOMBIE=>0}
Speeding up Helpers
Profile Request / Response
TOTAL (pct) SAMPLES (pct) FRAME 813 (9.5%) 813 (9.5%) ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#initialize
699 (8.1%) 350 (4.1%) block in ActiveRecord::Read#read_attribute 486 (5.7%) 298 (3.5%) ActionController::UrlFor#url_options 670 (7.8%) 274 (3.2%) ActionDispatch::Journey::Format#evaluate 773 (9.0%) 253 (2.9%) ActionDispatch#parameterize_args 1172 (13.6%) 220 (2.6%) ActiveRecord::Persistence#instantiate 213 (2.5%) 213 (2.5%) block in SQLite3::Statement#each 208 (2.4%) 208 (2.4%) ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer#html_safe? 204 (2.4%) 204 (2.4%) ActionDispatch::UrlFor#routes_generation? 245 (2.9%) 191 (2.2%) block (2 levels) in Class#class_attribute
ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer #initialize
Ͳ͜Ͱ࡞ͬͨͷʁ
Tag Options def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.h(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
HTML Sanitization in Rails
Ordinary String >> x = "foo" => "foo" >> x.class
=> String >> x.html_safe? => false
SafeBuffer >> x = "foo" => "foo" >> y =
x.html_safe => "foo" >> y.class => ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer >> y.html_safe? => true
ERB::Utils.h
ERB::Utils.h def html_escape(s) s = s.to_s if s.html_safe? s else
s.gsub(HTML_ESCAPE_REGEXP, HTML_ESCAPE).html_safe end end
Creates 2 Objects.
Tag Options def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.h(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
String SafeBuffer String
Extract Method def unwrapped_html_escape(s) # :nodoc: s = s.to_s if
s.html_safe? s else s.gsub(HTML_ESCAPE_REGEXP, HTML_ESCAPE) end end $ def html_escape(s) unwrapped_html_escape(s).html_safe end
Update Callers def tag_option(key, value, escape) if value.is_a?(Array) value =
escape ? safe_join(value, " ") : value.join(" ") else value = escape ? ERB::Util.unwrapped_html_escape(value) : value end %(#{key}="#{value}") end
String String
~200 Allocations Per Request for /books/new
YMMV (Your Mileage (kilometers?) May Vary)
Speeding up Output
ERB Template <% books.each do |book| %> <tr><td> <%= book.name
%> </tr></td> <% end %>
Compiled Template @output_buffer = output_buffer || ActionView::OutputBuffer.new;@output_buffer.safe_append='<h1>Listing books</h1> $ <table>
<thead> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th colspan="3"></th> </tr> </thead> $ <tbody> '.freeze; @books.each do |book| @output_buffer.safe_append=' <tr> <td>'.freeze;@output_buffer.append=( book.name );@output_buffer.safe_append='</td> <td>'.freeze;@output_buffer.append=( link_to 'Show', book );@output_buffer.safe_append='</ td> </tr> '.freeze; end @output_buffer.safe_append=' </tbody> </table> $ <br>
Compiled Template @output_buffer = ActionView::OutputBuffer.new @output_buffer.safe_append=' <tr> <td>'.freeze @output_buffer.append=( book.name
) HTML Literal
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) return self if value.nil? super(value.to_s)
end end W hy?
Don’t accept nil
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super(value.to_s) end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super(value) end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer def safe_append=(value) super end end
safe_append= class OutputBuffer end ߴͳίʔυʂ
Results
Allocations Per Request 0 275 550 825 1100 T_STRING T_ARRAY
T_HASH T_NODE T_DATA OTHER 4-0-stable 4-1-stable master
~19% reduction since 4-0-stable
~14% reduction since 4-1-stable
·ͱΊɻ
Eliminate Objects
Ұ൪͍ίʔυ ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ίʔυ
Limit Types
Fewer Types = Less Code
Less Code = Faster Code
Measure, measure measure measure
MEASURE!
Rails 4.2 will be the fastest ever!
͋Γ͕ͱ͏ʂ