rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J “Run Kubernetes for me.” “Native AWS integrations” “An open source Kubernetes experience.”
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Open Source Kubernetes Community Kubernetes https://github.com/kubernetes/kuber netes CNI plugin https://github.com/aws/amazon-vpc- cni-k8s Heptio AWS Authenticator https://github.com/heptio/authentica tor Virtual Kubelet https://github.com/virtual- kubelet/virtual-kubelet / SIG AWS https://github.com/kubernetes/comm unity/tree/master/sig-aws Cloud Provider Working Group https://github.com/kubernetes/comm unity/tree/master/wg-cloud-provider External-DNS https://github.com/kubernetes- incubator/external-dns CoreOS ALB Ingress https://github.com/coreos/alb- ingress-controller CODE REVIEWS FIXING BUGS IMPLEMENTING NEW FEATURES
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J EKS - Customers Create EKS cluster Provision worker nodes Launch add-ons Launch workloads
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J EKS - Kubernetes Control Plane Create cluster Create HA Control Plane IAM integration Certificate Management Setup LB
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J mycluster.eks.amazonaws.com Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Availability Zone 3 Kubectl Workers
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J EC2 Worker Nodes EKS Control Plane Customer VPC EKS VPC Network Load Balancer ENI API Access Kubectl Exec/Logs TLS Static IPs ENI Attachment Autoscaling Group EKS Architecture
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Kubectl 3) Authorizes AWS Identity with RBAC K8s API 1) Passes AWS Identity 2) Verifies AWS Identity 4) K8s action allowed/denied AWS Auth IAM Authentication + kubectl https://github.com/heptiolabs/kubernetes-aws-authenticator
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Metrics Nodes Node exporter Pod/Container Kube-state-metrics cAdvisor Application /metrics JMX Cluster-wide Aggregator Prometheus, Heapster Visualizer Grafana, Kibana, Dashboard Data Model InfluxDB, Graphite Alerting AlertManager, Kapacitor
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Native VPC networking with CNI plugin Pods have the same VPC address inside the pod as on the VPC Simple, secure networking Open source and on Github … { } https://github.com/aws/amazon-vpc-cni-k8s
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Nginx Pod Java Pod ENI Veth IP: 172.16.1.147 Veth IP: 172.16.1.224 Nginx Pod Java Pod ENI Veth IP: 172.16.1.38 Veth IP: 172.16.1.24 ec2.associateaddress() VPC Subnet – 172.16.1.0/24 Instance 1 Instance 2 Primary Private IP: 172.16.1.118 Secondary IPs: 172.16.1.147, 172.16.1.224, … Primary Private IP: 172.16.1.15 Secondary IPs: 172.16.1.38, 172.16.1.24, … 172.16.0.0/16
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Kubernetes Network Policies enforce network security rules Calico is the leading implementation of the network policy API Open source, active development (>100 contributors) Commercial support available from Tigera https://www.projectcalico.org/
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J STAGE SEPARATION “TENANT” SEPARATION FINE-GRAINED FIREWALLS COMPLIANCE Namespaces – without network policy, they are not network isolated Reduce attack surface within microservice-based applications Isolate dev, test, and prod E.g., PCI, HIPAA
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Auto Scaling Two options AWS AutoScaling k8s Cluster Auto Scaler Cluster Autoscaler Reactive Aware of Pod / Cluster state Utilizes AWS AutoScaling AWS AutoScaling Scaling on CloudWatch Metrics Cluster Horizontal Pod Autoscaler Scales pods in response to k8s generated metrics (CPU) Pods
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J ❯ helm search mysql > helm search mysql NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION stable/mysql 0.6.0 5.7.14 Fast, reliable, sc stable/prometheus-mysql-exporter 0.1.0 v0.10.0 A Helm chart for p stable/percona 0.3.2 5.7.17 free, fully compat ... ❯ helm install install stable/mysql [displays README + information about deployment] ❯ helm list NAME REVISION UPDATED STATUS CHART NAMESPACE nobby-cow 1 Wed Jun 6 12:54:00 2018 DEPLOYED mysql-0.6.0 default Package manager that allows you to bundle up deployment resources and publish them https://github.com/kubernetes/helm
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Hosting Helm repositories • Anywhere that serves HTTP can host a helm repo • Host private Helm Repo with Chartmuseum https://github.com/kubernetes-helm/chartmuseum • There’s also a handy plugin for S3! • This means IAM Role = auth for your repo • https://github.com/hypnoglow/helm-s3
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Deploying Helm on EKS Helm 2.9+ works with EKS RBAC permissions required kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount tiller kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller --clusterrole cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller helm init --service-account tiller
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Nginx Pods EC2 instances kube-proxy :32002 nginx-service :32001 Internet 10001:8080 10002:8080 10003:8080 Request to NGINX Pod {NLB}:443 NLB NLB Forwards to the node {node:32001} Service Type – LoadBalancer (NLB) k8s service ClusterIP receives request kube-proxy load balances to pods
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Network Load Balancer apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx namespace: default labels: app: nginx annotations: service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: "nlb" spec: type: LoadBalancer externalTrafficPolicy: Local ports: - name: http port: 80 protocol: TCP targetPort: 80 selector: app: nginx More options: • Draining • Logging • SSL Certs • Tagging • Security groups • Health checks https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/pkg/cloudprovider/providers/aws/aws.go
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Nginx Pods EC2 instances kube-proxy :32001 nginx-service :32003 Internet Request to NGINX Pod {ALB}:443 ALB ALB Routes based on the path. /api /home 10002:8080 Webapp Pods 10002:8080 Installation: https://github.com/pahud/eks-alb-ingress Ingress Type – CoreOS ALB Ingress kube-proxy :32002 webapp-service :32004 Load Balances to pods Proxies request to the k8s service ClusterIP
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Automatic Route53 DNS creation for services apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx annotations: # Uses https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/external-dns external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname: nginx.highlyavailable.systems. spec: type: LoadBalancer ports: - port: 80 name: http targetPort: 80 selector: app: nginx
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Automatic Route53 DNS creation for Ingress apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: nginx annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" spec: rules: - host: nginx.highlyavailable.systems http: paths: - backend: serviceName: nginx servicePort: 80
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Limit resource usage Container A Container B limit request 600m 600m limit request 800m 400m ⎲ ⎳ Pod CPU and memory resources
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Resource Quotas apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: production spec: containers: - name: nginx-pod image: nginx resources: limits: memory: "800Mi" cpu: "800m" # 0.8 vCPU requests: memory: "600Mi" cpu: "400m“ # 0.4 vCPU Applied per Namespace apiVersion: v1 kind: ResourceQuota metadata: name: production spec: hard: requests.cpu: "1" requests.memory: 1Gi limits.cpu: "2" limits.memory: 2Gi ResourceQuota defined both, so Pod must define both Pod Resource Request
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Controlling scheduling Resource requirements Constraints • Taints Node-level • Tolerations Pod-level Topology filters
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Taints and Tolerations # Taint node $ kubectl taint nodes ip-10-0-32-12.us-west-2.compute.internal \ skynet=false:NoSchedule # Tolerations kind: Pod spec: tolerations: - key: skynet operator: Equal value: “false” effect: NoSchedule [...] Match taint to schedule onto tainted node
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Controlling scheduling Resource requirements Constraints • Taints Node-level • Tolerations Pod-level Affinity/Anti-Affinity Topology filters
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Affinity / Anti-Affinity • Control scheduling onto nodes ◦ Combine with Taints & Tolerations • Distribute Pods across cluster affinity: nodeAffinity: requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: "beta.kubernetes.io/instance-type" operator: In values: [“r4.large",“r4.xlarge"]
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Rolling Update apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app labels: app: my-app spec: replicas: 10 strategy: type: RollingUpdate rollingUpdate: maxSurge: 1 # Numeric or percentage based value maxUnavailable: 0 [...]
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Blue / Green Deployment apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app-blue labels: app: my-app spec: replicas: 3 template: metadata: labels: app: my-app version: blue [...] Blue apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app-green labels: app: my-app spec: replicas: 3 template: metadata: labels: app: my-app version: green [...] Green
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Blue / Green Deployment Blue kind: Service metadata: name: my-app labels: app: my-app spec: type: LoadBalancer ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: http selector: app: my-app version: blue kind: Service metadata: name: my-app labels: app: my-app spec: type: NodePort ports: - name: http port: 80 targetPort: http selector: app: my-app version: green Green kubectl patch service my-app -p '{"spec":{"selector":{"version":"green"}}}'
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Canary Deployment Production apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app-prod labels: app: my-app spec: replicas: 9 template: metadata: labels: app: my-app spec: containers: - name: my-app image: images/container:v1 [...] apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-app-canary labels: app: my-app spec: replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: app: my-app spec: containers: - name: my-app image: images/container:v2 [...] More examples at https://container-solutions.com/kubernetes-deployment-strategies/ Canary
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Network Policy kind: NetworkPolicy apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: web-allow-prod spec: podSelector: matchLabels: app: web ingress: - from: - namespaceSelector: matchLabels: purpose: production Select affected Pods Define traffic that is allowed
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J Tooling and Ecosystem https://github.com/ramitsurana/awesome-kubernetes https://discuss.kubernetes.io/ http://slack.k8s.io/ TGIK Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvmPtYZtoXOENHJiA Qc6HmV2jmuexKfrJ
rights reserved. @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J EKS – Getting started https://aws.amazon.com/eks https://aws.amazon.com/getting-started/projects/deploy- kubernetes-app-amazon-eks/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-eks-now- generally-available/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/compute/ https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/opensource/category/comput e/amazon-elastic-container-service-for-kubernetes/ https://medium.com/containers-on-aws
rights reserved. https://aws.amazon.com/containers @christoph_k @tiffanyfayj Special thanks to: Paul Maddox, Abby Fuller, Nishi Davidson, Brandon Chavis, Arun Gupta, Chris Hein, Omar Lari, and many more... Thank You @ C H R I S T O P H _ K @ T I F F A N Y F A Y J
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