Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Wi-Fi࠶ೖ໳ʙݟ͑ͳ͍ి೾Λ஌ࣝͰݟൈ͘ 2016-12-01  גࣜձࣾDMM.comϥϘ / CONBU Akira KUMAGAI Internet Week 2016

w ి೾ͱ͸ͲΜͳ΋ͷ͔ w ແઢಠಛͷಛੑ w νϟωϧར༻཰ͱి೾ׯব w ۭؒͷ෼ׂ w
ແઢ-"/ʹ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔٕज़ w ެऺແઢ-"/ ͜ͷࢿྉͷ໨త

ి೾ͬͯͳʹ w ి࣓೾ʢޫͳͲͷ஥ؒͰ͢ʣ w ޫͱͷ͕͍ͪ͸प೾਺ w प೾਺(Hz)ͱ͸ɺ೾͕ඵؒ͋ͨΓʹ܁Γฦ͞ΕΔճ਺ ඵؒʹ1,000,000,000ճ܁Γฦ͢ͱ1GHz

఻ૹഔମͱͯ͠ͷి೾ w ۭؒΛഔମͱ͢Δڞ༗ϝσΟΞʢۭ͔ؒͩΒڞ༗ͤ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍ʣ w ൒ೋॏ௨৴ʮͪ͜Β͸ʙͰ͢ɺͲ͏ͧʯ͕جຊ ఻ૹഔମ ۭؒ

ి೾ͬͯͳʹ w ి೾ͱݺ͹ΕΔൣғ͸͚ͬ͜͏޿͍ w ࣖͰ͸ฉ͑͜ͳ͍ɾԻ೾͸ผͷ΋ͷ Ի͸ۭؾͷ஄ੑ೾ Մ ࢹ ޫ
ઢ ୹ ೾ ੺֎ઢ 9ઢ Ѝઢ ࢵ֎ઢ ೾௕ Е ୹͍ˠ प೾਺ З ߴ͍ˠ ͜ͷล͕8J'J ϚΠ Ϋ ϩ೾ З )[ Е N ௕ ೾ ి೾ Ұൠతͳແઢ௨৴ ి࣓೾ͱप೾਺ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_spectrum.svg

଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ ʠྑ͍ɾ͍҆ɾૣ͍ ɹ͜ΕΒͷ͏͔ͪΒͭΛબ΂·͢ʡ Photo CC BY cea+ https://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/4534292595/

଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ ଎͘ ҆͘ ԕ͘ ࠔ೉ 802.11ad JJY(1bps) GPS(25 -
50bps) ͔͠΋҆શʹ Ӊ஦୳ࠪػ ςϨϏ์ૹ Bluetooth NFC ଎͘ˡˠԕ͘ɹ͸ཱ྆Ͱ͖ͳ͍ γϟϊϯͷఆཧ w ௨৴࿏༰ྔͷݶք͸νϟωϧ෯ͱ৴߸඼࣭Ͱܾ·Δ ϑϦεͷ఻ୡࣜ w ಉ͡प೾਺ͳΒ৴߸ڧ౓͸ڑ཭ࣗ৐ʹ൓ൺྫ ҆͘ͳΔͱ w ΈΜͳ͕࢖͑Δখ͞ͳઃඋ ௿ੑೳ w ࣗ෼ͱؔ܎ͳ͍৴߸ʢϊΠζʣ͕ ૿͑Δ ˠ৴߸඼࣭ͷ௿Լ ෺ཧతʹ઀৮͠ͳͯ͘΋৘ใ͕औಘͰ͖Δ ड৴ͯ͠Έͳ͍ͱͦΕ͕Կͷ৘ใͳͷ͔෼͔Β ͳ͍ʢड৴ߦҝࣗମͷ๏ن੍͕ෆՄೳʣ

҆શੑ͸ޙ΄Ͳ৮ΕΔͱͯ͠ ·ͣ͸ి೾ࣗମͷಛੑ

प೾਺ ೾௕ ௕͍ ୹͍ Ξϯςφ େ͖͍ খ͍͞ ඈͼํ ো֐෺Λ؏௨ ো֐෺ʹ൓ࣹٵऩ
ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹಋମɺਫ෼Λ؏௨͠ͳ͍ ͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ ޫͬΆ͍ ௚ਐੑ͕ߴ͍ ௨৴࿏༰ྔ খ༰ྔ େ༰ྔ ࢦ޲ੑ ࡞Γʹ͍͘ ࡞Γ΍͍͢ ݮਰ খ େ ߴ ௿ प೾਺(Hz) ͱੑ࣭ ϫ Π ϑ Ν Π ͸ ͜ ͷ ͋ ͨ Γ

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ ΞΫηεϙΠϯτ͸ిٿ ి೾ΛޫʹݟཱͯΔ

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ ޮ཰Λߟ͑ΔͱɺΧα͕͋ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍ ্ํ΁ͷޫ͸ແବͩ͠ɺΑͦʹׯব͢Δ

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ ࢖͍͍ͨͱ͜Ζ͕ܾ·͍ͬͯΕ͹ɺ εϙοτͰϏʔϜʹ͢Δͷ͕Ұ൪Α͍ ڧ͍͠ɺׯব΋๷͛Δ

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ w ిٿ͸͢΂ͯಉ͡΋ͷͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ໌Δ͞͸͔ͳΓมΘΔ w Χα΍εϙοτث۩ࣗମʹɺిٿͷిྗΛߴΊΔޮՌ͸ͳ͍ɻ  ࢛ํീํ΁ࢄΒ͹͍ͬͯΔΤωϧΪʔΛڱ͍ํ޲΁·ͱΊΔ͚ͩ w Ξϯςφ΋ɺΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ͕ిྗΛ૿෯͢Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ ௿͍ͱ͜Ζʹઃஔ͢Δͱӄ͕Ͱ͖΍͍͢ ఱҪͷর໌ চஔ͖ͷর໌

׬શແࢦ޲ੑͷΞϯςφ͸࡞Γʹ͍͘ ػث಺ଂΞϯςφ͸؇΍͔ͳࢦ޲ੑͷ΋ͷ ͕ଟ͍ μΠϙʔϧΞϯςφ  ࣅͨর໌ث۩͸ͳ͍ ύονΞϯςφ ീ໦Ξϯςφ ύϥϘϥΞϯςφ ࣮ࡍͷΞϯςφͷܗঢ়
http://www.cisco.com/web/JP/product/hs/wireless/airoa/prodlit/product_data_sheet09186a008008883b.html

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ ఱҪ͔ΒরΒ͢ͱӨ͕Ͱ͖ʹ͍͕͘ɺ ԕ͘·Ͱಧ͖͗ͯ͢ɺͨ͘͞Μઃஔ͢ Δͱׯব͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ ఱҪͷর໌ث۩͸શ෦ಉ͡৭ͷͨΊɺ ͦΕͧΕͷޫΛ۠ผͰ͖ͣɺࠞͬͯ͟ ׯবͯ͠͠·͏

νϟωϧͷҧ͍ ޫͷ৭ʢप೾਺ʣͷҧ͍ ి೾ͷ৔߹Ͱ΋νϟωϧͷҧ͍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ

νϟωϧͷҧ͍ ࠞͬͨ͟৔߹ɺۭ͕ؒڞ༗͞Εͯ͠·͍ɺ େ͖ͳίϦδϣϯυϝΠϯʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ʢ൒ೋॏͰ͢Αʣ

ಉ͡৭ʷಉ͡৔ॴ ʢνϟωϧʷి೾౸ୡൣғʣ ୺຤Λऩ༰Ͱ͖Δۭؒͷ ࠷খ୯ҐʠηϧʡͱͳΔ ηϧ͋ͨΓͷऩ༰ೳྗ͸ ෺ཧతʹ্ݶ͕͋Δ νϟωϧͷҧ͍ ηϧݸ ηϧݸ

νϟωϧΛڞ༗͍ͯ͠ΔݶΓɺ͍ۙͱ ͜ΖʹAPΛ૿ઃͯ͠΋վળ͞Εͳ͍ ఻ૹഔମͰ͋Δۭؒͦͷ΋ͷ͕Ϙτϧ ωοΫʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͨΊ ߴີ౓Wi-Fi؀ڥͰ͸ɺ͜ΕΛ͍͔ʹ෼ ׂ͍͔͕ͯ͘͠ΧΪͱͳΔ νϟωϧͷҧ͍

νϟωϧར༻཰ ແઢ͸ɺ୭͔͕ૹ৴͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖ ͸ଞͷ୺຤͸ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍ νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴ·Δͱিಥ͕ ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͷͰɺ௿͘อͭ ͷ͕ཧ૝ িಥ͕ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͱνϟω ϧར༻཰͕ߋʹߴ·Γɺଞͷ୭΋ ૹ৴͢Δ͕ܺؒͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͍ɺ
੍ޚϑϨʔϜ΋ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͣɺഁ໓ ͢Δ Good Poor

ແઢதܧثͷ᠘ ৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ தܧثͳ͠ தܧث͋Γ ഒҎ্ͷଳҬ ࣌ؒ Λ઎༗

ແઢதܧثͷ᠘ ʢ͞Βʹɾɾʣ Ϣʔβ਺ͷগͳ͍؀ڥͰ͸༗ޮͳதܧث΋ ࠞࡶ͍ͯ͠Δ؀ڥʹಋೖ͢Δͱഁ໓͢Δ͜ͱ΋ APͱPC-1͸ޓ͍ʹి೾͕ಧ͔ͣɺݟ͑ͳ ͍ͨΊɺಉ࣌ʹૹ৴ͯ͠ϑϨʔϜ͕յΕͯ ͠·͏͔΋͠Εͳ͍ ৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ

ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ 3෼ׂ "1͋ͨΓ30୺຤ ߹ܭ90୺຤ 8෼ׂ "1͋ͨΓ30୺຤ ߹ܭ240୺຤

ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ Χόʔൣғ༏ઌ ௿ີ౓ ऩ༰୺຤਺༏ઌ ߴີ౓ʣ Կ੍͕ݶʹͳΔ͔ ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ ి೾ׯব "1ͷ਺
গͳ͍ ଟ͍ Ξϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ ແࢦ޲ੑ ࢦ޲ੑ ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ޿͘ ڱ͍ൣғͰࢭΊΔ ো֐෺ গͳ͍΄͏͕Α͍ ଟ͍΄͏͕Α͍ प೾਺ଳ ௿͍΄͏͕Α͍ ߴ͍΄͏͕Α͍ Ϣʔεέʔε Ոఉ ΦϑΟεɺελδΞϜ౳

APΛઃஔͯ͠ΈΔ ి೾ͷඈͼ͗͢Λ๷͙ඞཁ͕͋Δ

ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍ w ి೾͕ඞཁҎ্ʹඈͼ͗͢Δͱɺಉ͡νϟωϧΛ࢖ͬ ͍ͯΔଞͷAPͱ૬ޓʹׯব͕ى͖Δ w ԕ͘·ͰඈΜͩͱͯ͠΋ɺAPҰ୆͋ͨΓʹऩ༰Ͱ ͖Δ୺຤਺͸ݶΒΕ͍ͯΔ͔Βɺԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͯ͠ ΋͔͑ͬͯύϑΥʔϚϯε͸ѱԽ͢Δ

ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱσʔλϨʔτ

ి೾ͷڧ͞ ڑ཭ ͱ଎౓ CQT ͍͍ͩͨࣗ༝ۭؒΛ૝ఆͨ͠γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ w సૹ଎౓͸ɺి೾ͷڧ౓ʹΑͬͯ  ϦΞϧλΠϜʹมߋ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

macOS / OS X Ͱ͸ option + Wi-Fi ΞΠίϯ
Ͱݱࡏ઀ଓதͷ଎౓Λ֬ೝ Ͱ͖·͢ɻϦΞϧλΠϜʹมԽ͢Δ ༷ࢠ͕Θ͔Γ·͢ ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

w ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕௿͍৔߹ʢ৴߸͕ऑ͍ɺϊΠζ͕ଟ͍ʣɺ ଎౓ CQT ΛࣗಈతʹԼ͛ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ w ి೾ͷঢ়گ͸ɺ΄ͱΜͲͷ৔߹ԿΒ͔ͷΤϥʔ͕͋Γɺ ແઢ-"/͸ͦΕΛલఏʹɺ͕Μ͹ͬͯΤϥʔగਖ਼Λ͠ ͳ͕Βಈ͍͍ͯΔ w
఻ૹഔମ͕ۭؒͦͷ΋ͷͰ͋ΔͨΊɺ඼࣭ͷ༧ଌ͕͠ ʹ͍͘ ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸ ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜ ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍· ͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜ ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼ ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱ ͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄ ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ ͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓ ·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ ΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘ खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠ ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋ ͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ ૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏ ΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍ Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠ ͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁ ͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ ͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ ͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠ ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի ͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓ ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ ΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍ ͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ ࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠ ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ ΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ ͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ ͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠ ͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏ ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ ͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸ ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠ ΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ ϊΠζʢଞͷ௨৴ʣʹຒ΋ΕͨΒ஗͍΄͏͕༗ར

ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸ ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜ ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍· ͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜ ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼ ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱ ͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄ ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ ͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓ ·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ ΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘ खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠ ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋ ͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ ૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏ ΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍ Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠ ͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁ ͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ ΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍ ͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ ࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠ ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ ΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ ͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ ͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠ ͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏ ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ ͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸ ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠ ΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ ͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ ͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠ ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի ͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓ ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ ࣗ෼ͷ௨৴͸ଞऀͷ௨৴ʹͱͬͯϊΠζͱͳΔ

ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT ৴߸ͷ඼࣭(S/N)ʹ ৴߸ిྗ ϊΠζిྗ ৴߸ిྗΛߴΊΔʹ͸ wૹ৴ػΛϋΠύϫʔͳ΋ͷʹ͢Δ wड৴ػͷײ౓ΛߴΊΔ wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ʹి೾ΛૹΒͳ͍
ϊΠζిྗΛԼ͛Δʹ͸ wແؔ܎ͳଞͷແઢہΛϩʔύϫʔʹͯ͠΋Β͏ wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ͷϊΠζΛरΘͳ͍ wड৴ػ಺෦΍ࣗવքͰൃੜ͢ΔϊΠζΛ௿ݮ͢Δ

௨ৗ͸นͳͲ͕͋ΔͷͰɺ͜͏͍͏ి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΓɺ ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

଎౓͸͜Μͳײ͡ɺࠨԼͷ෦԰͸ͪΐͬͱͭΒ͍ ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

·ͱΊ w ి೾͸൒ೋॏϝσΟΞͰɺۭؒΛڞ༗ w ޫͷΑ͏ͳ఻ൖಛੑ w ಉ͡प೾਺ͷి೾͕ࠞ͟ΔͱׯবΛى͜͢ w νϟωϧར༻཰Λ௿͘อͭͨΊʹ͸ηϧઃܭ͕ॏཁ w
ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕ѱ͍ͱσʔλϨʔτ͕௿Լ͢Δ

νϟωϧར༻཰

ࠞࡶͱ͸ʁ w ແઢ௨৴͸ۭ࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ Λ઎༗ͯ͠ߦͳ͏  εΠονϯά͠ͳ͍ w ಉ࣌ʹෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕௨৴Ͱ͖ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ͚Ͳ  ͦͷॠؒͰ͸ɺ௨৴͸ඞͣͰߦΘΕ͍ͯͯ  ΄͔ͷ୺຤͸଴ػ͍ͯ͠Δ

Ұ୆ͷΞΫηεϙΠϯτͱෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕ ࣌ؒͰ۠੾ͬͯॱ൪ʹσʔλΛసૹ͢Δ ͋ΔҰॠͰ͸"1ͱ୺຤͸νϟωϧΛ઎༗͍ͯ͠Δ

઎༗࣌ؒɺॱ൪ͳͲ΋͹Β͹Β ௨৴಺༰͕ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ

ͨͱ͑͹ɺ 5୆ͷ୺຤ʹ10KBͣͭɺܭ50KBసૹ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ શ෦54MbpsͰసૹ

సૹϨʔτ(bps)͸ి೾ڧ౓ʹΑͬͯมΘΔ ΦϨϯδͷ୺຤ͷసૹ଎౓͕2MbpsʹԼ͕ͬͨ৔߹ɺ

w ಉ͡50KBΛసૹ͢Δͷʹɺ஗͍୺຤͕Ұ୆͍Δ͚ͩͰ ࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ ͕5ഒ͘Β͍ແବʹͳͬͨ w ஗͍୺຤ͷ௨৴͕ऴΘΔͷΛɺΈΜͳ଴͍ͬͯΔ w ஗͍୺຤ͷଘࡏ͸ϦιʔεΛ৯͍௵͢
୺຤͕Ұ୆஗͍ͱશମ͕஗͘ͳΔ

஗͍ϨʔτΛDisableʹͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍ ஗͍ϨʔτͰ௨৴ͤ͞ͳ͍

w ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͳ͍Α͏ʹͰ͖Δ w ԼͷΦϨϯδ৭ͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛى͜Γʹ ͘͘Ͱ͖Δ ஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛ੍ݶ͢Δͱ

Airtime Fairness (ATF) w ಛఆͷ஗͍୺຤͕શମͷ଍ΛҾͬுΒͳ͍Α͏ʹɺ ΤΞλΠϜΛͳΔ΂͘ۉ౳ʹׂΓ౰ͯΔٕज़ w ࠷ۙͷΤϯλʔϓϥΠζ޲͚੡඼ʹ౥ࡌ

·ͱΊ w ஗͍σʔλϨʔτͰ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ୺຤͸ɺશମͷ଍ ΛҾͬுΔ w νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴͯ͘ෆ҆ఆͳ৔߹ɺ஗͍σʔλ ϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰվળͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ w ͨͩ͠஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δͱి೾ͷಧ ͘ൣғ͸ڱ͘ͳΔ

ଌఆثͰݟͯΈΔ

஗͍୺຤͕͍Δঢ়ଶͬͯͲΜͳͷ w νϟωϧͷ࢖༻཰74.67%ʢߴ͗͢Δʣ w ͦΕͳͷʹεϧʔϓοτ͕769Kb͔͠ग़͍ͯͳ͍ ๭ॴվળલ

஗͍୺຤ͬͯͲΕ͘Β͍अຐ w ԣ࣠͸ಉ࣌ؒ͡ w ໼ҹͷλΠϛϯάͰɺ੺ 1Mbps ͸νϟωϧར༻ ཰Λ্͘͢͝ঢ͍ͤͯ͞Δͷʹɺεϧʔϓοτ͕ શવग़͍ͯͳ͍

஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛېࢭ͢ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔ w ࠷௿Λ36MbpsʹઃఆɺͦΕະຬΛېࢭ w νϟωϧ࢖༻཰Λ໿75%ˠ2.5%·Ͱվળ ๭ॴվળޙ

ແઢLANͷٕज़

MIMO ͻͱͭͷνϟωϧʹͯɺෳ਺ͷΞϯςφΛ࢖༻ͯ͠ ෳ਺ͷετϦʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹૹ৴͢Δͷ͕MIMO ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ น͋Γ ి೾Λ೾໲ͱͯ͠Πϝʔδͯ͠ΈΔ Ͱ΋ಉ͡νϟωϧͰಉ࣌ʹ௨৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͸ͩͬͨͷͰ͸ʜ
Ͳ͏ͯ͠ಉ͡νϟωϧͰෳ਺ૹ৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͔

MIMO ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨ͠ ड৴ଆͷΞϯςφͰ͸s1, s2 ͕ࠞͬͯ͟ड৴͞ΕΔ ఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋ΓɺͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂͓ͯ͘ ఻ૹ࿏͕ط஌ͳΒs1, s2
ʹؔ͢Δ࿈ཱํఔࣜΛղ͚Δ ୺຤Ͱs1, s2 ͕෼཭Ͱ͖Δ ଳҬ෯͕ഒʹͳͬͨɺΊͰͨ͠ s1 s2 h11 h21 h12 h22 h11s1ʴh12s2 h21s1ʴh22s2

MIMO ΋͠Ξϯςφ͕෺ཧతʹ཭Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒ ఻ૹ࿏ͷۭؒ૬ؔߴ s1 s2 h11 h21 h12
h22 h11s1ʴh12s2 h21s1ʴh22s2 Ξϯςφ͕͍ۙͱ w ૬ޓʹճΓࠐΈ͕ൃੜͯ͠෼཭͕೉͘͠ͳΓɺಛੑ͕ྼԽ͢Δ w 0.5Е͘Β͍͸཭͍ͨ͠ w Ͱ΋ΞϯςφΛ཭͢ͱ୺຤ͷখܕԽ͕೉͘͠ͳΔ w MIMOετϦʔϜ਺ Ξϯςφ਺ Λ૿΍͢ͱ͞ΒʹখܕԽ͕೉͍͠ ͦ΋ͦ΋෼཭ͷܭࢉ͕͚ͬ͜͏େมͳͷͰ͢ΑͶʜͦΕͳΒ͹ʜ

MIMO ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨͦ͠ͷ ఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯAPʹૹΓฦ͢ AP͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड ৴ΞϯςφͰs1, s2 ͕෼཭ͣΈʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ ɺσʔλૹ৴લʹ
ࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ ୺຤ଆͰ෼཭ͷܭࢉΛ͠ͳͯ͘Α͍ͷͰলిྗԽʹ༗ར   ୺຤ͷΞϯςφͷ͏ͪɺड৴ର৅Ͱͳ͍΄͏ͷΞϯςφͰిྗ͕࠷খ OVMM ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹՃ޻͢Δ s1 s2 h11 h21 h12 h22 s1 s2 [H]

ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯά ఻ૹ࿏͕ଟ਺͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢ "1͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड৴Ξϯ ςφͰs ͕࠷େͷి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ ׯব΍นͷ൓ࣹͰ೾ͷೱ୶Λ͏·͘࡞ͬͯɺ୺຤ͷଘࡏ͢Δ৔ॴͷ ೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ s1
s2 [H] s1 s2 s3 นͷ൓ࣹ MIMOͷΑ͏ʹෳ਺ͷૹ৴ػ͔Βಉ࣌ૹ৴͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺΞϨΠΞϯςφΛΞφϩάతʹεΠονϯάͯ͠ࢦ޲ ੑΛ࡞Δํ๏΋͋Γ·͢ɻ ׯব΍൓ࣹͷ߹੒Λຯํʹ͚ͭͯ೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔͱ͜ΖΛ࡞Δ

MU-MIMO ෳ਺͍Δ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢ "1͸ͦΕͧΕͷϑϨʔϜ͕ɺѼઌͷ୺຤Ͱి೾ڧ౓࠷େʹͳΓɺ ѼઌͰͳ͍୺຤Ͱ͸࠷খʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͢Δ ࣄલՃ޻ͨ͠ϑϨʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹෳ਺Ѽʹૹ৴͢Δ ୺຤͸ͻͱͭͣͭ"$,Λฦ͢ s1 s2 s1
s2 s3 นͷ൓ࣹ ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯάͰۭ͍ͨ஍఺ɺۭ͍ͨͳΒ࢖ͬͯ͠·͏

DFS Ϩʔμʔͷి೾͕ଘࡏͨ͠Βૹ৴ͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍ w 5GHzଳʹ͸ઌ٬Ͱ͋Δؾ৅Ϩʔμʔ͕͋ΔͨΊɺϨʔμʔ͕͍ͨΒผͷϨʔμʔ ͕͍ͳ͍νϟωϧʹมߋ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Δ w Ϩʔμʔ͕͍ͳ͍͜ͱΛ࠷௿෼ؒ͸֬ೝ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Γɺ෼ؒҎ্Կ΋ૹ৴Ͱ ͖ͳ͘ͳΔͨΊɺ઀ଓ్͕੾ΕΔݪҼͱͳΔ w
802.11a,20MHz෯Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯͨͱ͖͸νϟωϧʹ༨༟͕͕͋ͬͨɺνϟωϧϘϯ σΟϯάʹΑͬͯόϯυ෯Λ޿͘࢖͏Α͏ʹͳΓɺDFSͷӨڹΛड͚΍͘͢ͳͬͨ w ࠷ۙͷ੡඼Ͱ͸Ϩʔμʔ೾͕ݕग़͞ΕͨΒνϟωϧϘϯσΟϯάΛϑΥʔϧόο Ϋͯ͠ॖୀͭͭ͠ఀ೾͸ආ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯͨΓɺϨʔμʔ೾Λݕग़͢Δલ͔ ΒଞͷνϟωϧΛεΩϟϯ͓͖ͯ͠ɺͰ͖Δ͚ͩఀ೾͠ͳ͍ͰνϟωϧΛมߋ͢ Δٕज़͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔ

Captive Portal (capport)

Captive Portalͱ͸ ެऺແઢ-"/ͳͲʹ઀ଓͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ͯ͘Δը໘  ໨త wೝূ w՝ۚ w৘ใදࣔ Webϒϥ΢β͕࢖͑Ε͹୺຤Λ໰Θͳ͍ ࣮૷͕ൺֱత༰қ

Captive Portalͷ࢓૊Έ ॳظঢ়ଶͰ͸Πϯλʔωοτ΁ͷ઀ଓΛϒϩοΫ ୺຤͔ΒͷhttpϦΫΤετΛԣऔΓͯ͠ผͷೝূϖʔδ  ͳͲʹϦμΠϨΫτ ೝূͳͲ͕௨Ε͹઀ଓΛڐՄ ೝূϖʔδ ͳͲ Internet

Captive Portalͷ໰୊ w TLSΤϥʔ w httpsΛԣऔΓ͢Δ w Τϥʔ͕ग़ͯ΋ଓߦ͢Δश׳͕͍ͭͯ͠·͏ w
ϒϥ΢βҎ֎ͷ୺຤ w εϚʔτϑΥϯͷΞϓϦͳͲɺΠϯλʔωοτ઀ଓΛ ཁٻ͢Δ͕httpͷԣऔΓ͕ෆՄೳͳ΋ͷ w IoTσόΠεͳͲදࣔ΍ೖྗೳྗͷͳ͍୺຤

Captive Portal Detection w Webϒϥ΢βͰͳͯ͘΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ɺOSଆͰCaptive- Portal Λѻ͏࢓૊Έ w ͜Μͳը໘͕Լ͔ΒχϣΩͬͱग़ͯ͘Δˠ
w ͞·͟·ͳ࣮૷ͷCaptive Portal͕͋Δ w OS͸Ͳ͏΍ͬͯݕग़͢Δ w Ͳ͏΍ͬͯදࣔೖྗ͢Δ w Ͳ͏ͳͬͨΒ઀ଓ੒ޭ w ׬શͳdetection͕ࠔ೉

Captive Portal Detection w ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕man-in-the-middle attack ͔ͩΒ ͦ΋ͦ΋ແཧ͕͋Δ w
Captive Portal ͷ࣮૷͕͹Β͹Β w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹ݕग़΋ͪΌΜͱͰ͖Δ w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹httpΛԣऔΓͳΜͯཪٕ Έ͍ͨͳ͜ͱΛ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͘ͳΔ

ެऺແઢ-"/ͷར༻ऀ৘ใ֬ೝ

ྫ͑͹ɺ֗ͷΧϑΣܦӦऀ͕͓٬͞Μ ΁αʔϏεͱͯ͠Πϯλʔωοτ઀ଓ ΛແྉͰఏڙ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺͲ͏͢Δ w ՈిྔൢళͰແઢ-"/ϧʔλΛങ͖ͬͯͯઃஔ͠14,Λڭ͑Δ w ͜ͷճઢ͔Βѱ͞Λ͢Δਓ͕͍ͨΒ w
Ոఉ༻ػث͸ϩάΛ࢒͠ʹ͍͘ w ళ֎΁࿙Εͨి೾͔Β઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ w ެऺແઢ-"/ͷಋೖ w ແྉ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍ w ݸਓܦӦͷళͰ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍ ͚ͩ͜͜ͷ࿩ɺ։ࣔ੥ٻ͸ҙ֎ͱདྷ·͢ɻ ͚ͬ͜͏ΊΜͲ͏Ͱ͢ʜ

8J'Jఏڙऀ޲͚ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦͷखҾ͖ w ΧϑΣͷྫͰ΋ࢀߟʹͳΔखҾ͖ w ͔͠͠ʮར༻ऀ৘ใͷద੾ͳ֬ೝʯ ͷ߲໨͚ͩ೉қ౓͕ߴ͍ w 4.4͸ͱ΋͔͘ɺ4/4ΞΧ΢ϯ τ΍ϝʔϧΞυϨεʹΑΔೝূͷ ࣮ޮੑ͸
http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/security/cmn/wi-ﬁ/Wi-Fi_manual_for_AP.pdf

Probe Request

ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢ ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒ ೝূ ઀ଓ׬ྃ ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢ w "1͔Βఆظతʹ์ૹ͞ΕΔϏʔίϯϑϨʔϜΛड৴  डಈతͳݕग़ ·ͨ͸ w ୺຤͕ Probe
Request ϑϨʔϜΛૹ৴͠"1͕Ԡ౴ͨ͠ Probe Response Λ୺຤͕ड৴  ೳಈతͳݕग़ ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒ ೝূ ઀ଓ׬ྃ ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ ΋Մೳ

डಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़ "1͸௨৴૬ख͕͍ͳ͍ͱ͖΋ɺ SSIDͳͲΛఆظతʹ์ૹ͍ͯ͠Δ (IEEE802.11 beacon frame)

ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़ ୺຤͸Ϗʔίϯͷड৴Λ଴ͨͣʹɺੵۃతʹݕग़ ཁٻΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request) ʮAP ୭͔͍·͔͢ʯ
AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response) ʮ͸͍ ͪ͜Β͸”MY_HOME_WIFI”ʯ

ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़ ୺຤͸44*%Λ໊ࢦ͠Ͱੵۃతʹݕग़ཁٻΛૹ৴ ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ ͜ͷํ๏Ͱͳ͍ͱ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ  44*%ΛϒϩʔυΩϟετ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͳͲ AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request)
ʮAP “MY_HOME_WIFI” ͍·͔͢ʯ AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response) ʮ͸͍ʯ

໰୊఺ ୺຤͸ɺࣗ෼ͷډ৔ॴ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍  AP͕ͳ͍͸ͣͷ৔ॴͰ΋Probe RequestΛૹΔ

Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰ w ୺຤ͷແઢ-"/ΠϯλϑΣΠεͷMACΞυϨε w ୳͍ͯ͠ΔSSID(ESSID) ˺઀ଓΛهԱͤͯ͋͞ΔSSID

Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰ b8:f6:b1:14:..:.. (Apple) ͷॴ༗ऀ͸ iis-visitor ʹ ઀ଓͨ͜͠ͱ͕͋ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻ

Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰ w ͜ͷΑ͏ʹҰ౓ʹෳ਺ͷSSID΁Probe RequestΛૹ৴͢ Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δ w MACΞυϨεͱSSIDͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ୯ମͰ͸͋·Γҙຯ
Λͳ͞ͳ͔ͬͨϑϨʔϜ͕ɺ໊دͤͷՄೳੑΛ͓ͼͯ ͘Δ w ͜ͷྫͰ͸زͭ΋ͷγΣΞΦϑΟεʹग़ೖΓ͍ͯ͠Δ ͜ͱɺಛఆͷݸਓͱަ༑ؔ܎ʹ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ਪଌͰ͖Δ

Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰ w ESSID(͍ΘΏΔSSID ؚ͕·ΕΔ͕ɺBSSID(APͷMACΞυϨε ͸ؚ·Εͳ͍ w Α͋͘ΔSSIDͳΒࣝผͰ͖ͳ͍
w SSID಺ʹBSSIDؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸׬શʹϢχʔΫ w BSSID͔ΒAPͷҐஔ৘ใΛҾ͚ͯ͠·͏  https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geolocation/  Ұൠతʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ"1*Ͱ͸#44*%͕ͭҎ্ඞཁ͕ͩɺϓϥΠϕʔτ"1*Ͱ͸ͭͰҾ͚Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δ w ͨͱ͑͹00005E0053FF_AͷΑ͏ͳSSID͸ઃஔ৔ॴ ·Ͱ࿙ΕΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍

౎಺ͰProbe RequestΛϲ݄ؒड৴͠ɺ୺຤ ͕ཁٻ͍ͯ͠ΔAPͷҐஔ͕ਪଌͰ͖ͨ΋ͷ APͷҐஔ͕࿙ΕΔ ͱ͸ ඇެ։

ಛఆͷ୺຤Λ௥੻Ͱ͖Δ lܞଳి࿩΍λϒϨοτͷ8J'JΛΦϯʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰɺ1IJM[ʹೖΔ͔ళͷલΛ ௨ա͢ΔͱɺಉΧϑΣ͸&VDMJEͷ෼ੳγεςϜ࢖ͬͯͦͷσόΠεΛۙྡͷ தͰଞͷσόΠεͱ۠ผ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͩɻͦΕ͕Θ͔Ε͹ɺళ͸ଞͷσʔ λͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯԿΒ͔ͷ݁ՌΛಋ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻྫ͑͹ɺళͷۙ͘΍த ʹ͍ͨ࣌ؒ΍ɺͲ͜ʹཱ͍͔ͬͯͨ΋ɻz 1IJM[$P⒎FFɺ8J'Jར༻ͷސ٬෼ੳΛϓϥΠόγʔ໰୊ʹΑΓதࢭ(2014/05 TetchCrunch)  http://jp.techcrunch.com/2014/05/30/20140529philz-coﬀee-drops-euclid-analytics-over-privacy-concerns/
ΰϛശωοτϫʔΫ͕εϚϗΛ௥੻ɿϩϯυϯ(2013/08 WIRED)  http://wired.jp/2013/08/12/recycling-bins-are-watching-you/ lΧॴͷϙΠϯτΛ௨աͨ͠Կेສਓ΋ͷาߦऀ͕ɺؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍͏ͪʹɺ ࣗ෼ͷεϚʔτϑΥϯ͕࣋ͭݻ༗ͳ."$ΞυϨε தུ Λɺ3FOFX-POEPO ࣾʹΑͬͯه࿥͞Ε͍ͯͨͷͩɻz

໰୊఺ w ௕ظʹΘͨͬͯ௥੻͞ΕΔ MACΞυϨε͕ݻఆ w ୺຤ͷॴ༗ऀͱؔ܎ͷ͋ΔஂମɺॅॴͳͲ͕࿙ΕΔ w ಉ͡୺຤͔Βཁٻͷ͋ΔSSID1ͱSSID2ͷؔ܎ੑ΋ਪଌͰ͖Δ
w ΦϓτΞ΢τ͕೉͍͠ w ୺຤͔Βͷి೾ΛҰํతʹड৴͢Δ͚ͩͰ੒ཱ w MACΞυϨεͱॴ༗ऀΛඥ͚ͮΒΕΔͱ͞Βʹ໰୊͕ʜ

ͦ͜Ͱɺ୺຤ϝʔΧʔ͸ରࡦΛ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠

Ephemeral MAC Address “ but a new iOS 8
feature is set to cause havoc for location trackers, and score a major win for privacy. (தུ) When iOS 8 devices look for a connection, they randomize that address, effectively disguising any trace of the real device until it decides to connect to a network.” J04TUSJLFTBOVOFYQFDUFECMPXBHBJOTUMPDBUJPOUSBDLJOH(2014/06 The Verge)  http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/9/5792970/ios-8-strikes-an-unexpected-blow-against-location-tracking/ Probe Request ࣌ʹ͸ϥϯμϜԽͨ͠MAC ΞυϨεΛ࢖༻͢Δ iOS8.0Ͱ͸͜Ε͕༗ޮʹͳΔ৚͕݅ݫ͘͠ɺ΄ͱΜ Ͳҙຯ͕ͳ͔͕ͬͨɺ9.0Ҏ߱Ͱ͸͔ͳΓϥϯμϜԽ ͞Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ

Ephemeral MAC Address &YQFSJFODFXJUI."$"EESFTT3BOEPNJ[BUJPOJO8JOEPXT(2015/07 IETF93)  https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/93/slides/slides-93-intarea-5.pdf Ͱ΋खݩͷ1$Ͱࢼͨ͠ͱ͜Ζαϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍Α͏Ͱͨ͠ʜ “ Only
present if the hardware is recent and supports randomization.”

ରॲ๏ w ෆཁͳAPͷઃఆΛ୺຤͔Β࡟আ͢Δ w APͷSSID͸ͳΔ΂͘ϢχʔΫͰͳ͍΋ͷʹ͢Δ w ࠷௿Ͱ΋MACΞυϨεؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸ආ͚Δ w SSIDΛεςϧεʹ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕͍͍͔΋
w ୺຤͸εςϧεͷAPʹରͯ͠͸ੵۃతʹProbe RequestΛૹΔΑ͏ͩ

ແઢ-"/ͷಛ௃

໔ڐෆཁͰ࢖͑Δ w ҆ՁͰߴ଎ w ങ͖͙ͬͯͯ͢࢖͑Δ w ෆ҆ఆ͞Λڐ༰͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ w ୭΋΄͔ͷແઢہΛഉআͰ͖ͳ͍ w
ނҙͷ๦֐͸ɺͦͷߦҝࣗମ͸ҧ๏Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹΋͋Δ w ηΩϡϦςΟ w ଞਓ͕ԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍ w ໔ڐෆཁ͸ྑ͍͜ͱ͹͔Γ͡Όͳ͍ w Α͔ͦΒͷׯবͳͲࣗݾղܾͰ͖ͳ͍໰୊΋͋Δ

΋͠໔ڐ͕ඞཁͩͬͨΒ w ҆ఆͨ͠඼࣭ w ࠃ͕Ϧιʔε ి೾ Λ؅ཧͯ͘͠ΕΔ w ࠞ৴͸Ͱ͖ΔݶΓഉআ͞ΕΔ w
໔ڐͳ͠ʹి೾Λग़ͨ͠Βҧ๏ w ๦֐ͨ͠Βి೾๏ҧ൓ w ͳΓ͢·͠΍தؒऀ߈ܸͳͲ΋ ଟ෼ ి೾๏ҧ൓ w ༻్͕ݶΒΕΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ w ແઢ-"/Έ͍ͨʹരൃతʹීٴ͠ͳ͍ w ࠃ಺େखΩϟϦΞࣾͳͲ

ͨͱ͑͹ܞଳ୺຤Ͱ͸ w ௨ৗɺηϧϥʔͱແઢ-"/ͷ྆ํΛ૷උ͍ͯ͠Δ w ඼࣭͕ࠩঃʑʹॖ·͖͍ͬͯͯΔ w MulteFire, Wi-Fi Calling ͳͲηϧϥʔଆͰ΋ແઢ
LANଳҬΛੵۃతʹ࢖͏ಈ͖ w ϋΠϒϦουͳແઢωοτϫʔΫͱͯ͠࠶ߏங͞Ε Α͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ

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Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

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