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変更容易性と理解容易性を支える自動テスト(2024/02版) / Automated Test...
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Takuto WADA
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February 10, 2024
Programming
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変更容易性と理解容易性を支える自動テスト(2024/02版) / Automated Test Knowledge from Savanna 202402 YAPC::Hiroshima edition
YAPC::Hiroshima 2024
Takuto WADA
PRO
February 10, 2024
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Transcript
ࣗಈςετ มߋ༰қੑͱཧղ༰қੑΛࢧ͑Δ 5BLVUP8"%" 'FC !:"1$)JSPTIJNB !U@XBEB !UXBEB 📷🙆 🙆 !UXBEB
JEUXBEB ZBQD@JZBQDKBQBO
͔݁Β
৴པੑͷߴ͍࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δঢ়ଶΛอͭ͜ͱͰɺ ։ൃऀʹࠜڌ͋Δࣗ৴Λ༩͑ɺ ιϑτΣΞͷΛ࣋ଓՄೳʹ͢Δ͜ͱ ࣗಈςετͷత
৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁
ςετࣗಈԽͱاۀͷۀͷҼՌؔ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετͷࣗಈԽʹ͓͍ͯɺ*5ύϑΥʔϚϯεͷ ༧ଌईͱͳΓ͏Δ͜ͱ͕໌ͨ͠ͷ࣍ͷͭ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ ։ൃऀओମͰड͚ೖΕςετΛ࡞ɾཧ͠ɺ खݩͷ։ൃڥͰ؆୯ʹ࠶ݱɾमਖ਼Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ
IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετʹ߹֨ͨ͠ιϑτΣΞͰ͋ΕϦϦʔεՄೳɺෆ߹֨Ͱ͋Εॏେͳ ෆ۩߹͕͋ΔɺͱνʔϜ͕֬৴Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳςετΛ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ޡݕʢِཅੑGBMTFQPTJUJWFʣݟಀ͠ʢِӄੑGBMTFOFHBUJWFʣ͕ଟ ͘ɺ৴པੑʹ͚ܽΔςετεΠʔτ͕͋·Γʹଟ͗͢Δ ৴པͷߴ͍ςετεΠʔτΛ࡞Γ্͛Δܧଓతͳྗͱ ࢿՁ͕͋Δ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ
ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ
ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS
ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ
ޭͱࣦഊ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮
ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS
ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS
ޭͱࣦഊɺِཅੑͱِӄੑ IUUQTHJIZPKQEFWTFSJBMTBWBOOBMFUUFS Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮ σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ
৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁
ࣗಈςετͷ࣮ߦ݁ՌʮใʯͰ͋Γɺใͷ ׂͱҙࢥܾఆͱߦಈΛଅ͢͜ͱ ςετͷ࣮ߦ݁Ռ͕ଅ͢ߦಈͱɺσϓϩΠɺϚʔ δɺίʔυͷमਖ਼ͳͲ ใͷׂҙࢥܾఆͱߦಈΛଅ͢͜ͱ
ޭ࣌ͷΞΫγϣϯɺࣦഊ࣌ͷΞΫγϣϯ σϓϩΠɺϚʔδ Օॴͷಛఆͱम෮
ςετͷग़ྗͱૂ͍ w ςετ݁Ռͷग़ྗͱૂ͍ w γάφϧͱͯ͠ w ܽؕͷߜΓࠐΈͱͯ͠ w υΩϡϝϯτͱͯ͠ w
σʔλͱͯ͠ w ޭ࣌ͷใྔΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δٕज़ w ςετ໊ͱߏ w SFQPSUFS w ࣦഊ࣌ͷใྔΛίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δٕज़ w ςετ໊ͱߏ w ςεταΠζʢޙड़ʣ w BTTFSUJPO FYQFDUBUJPO NBUDIFS % FN P
৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁
ςεταΠζ ࣗಈςετͱ$*ʹϑΟοτ͢Δ ໌֬ͳςετྨج४
օ͞Μʹ͓͍͠·͢ 🙋🙋🙋 σʔλϕʔεʹΞΫηε͢ΔͷϢχοτςετ :FT/P ωοτϫʔΫʹΞΫηε͢ΔͷϢχοτςετ :FT/P ϑΝΠϧʹΞΫηε͢ΔͷϢχοτςετ :FT/P ݱࡏ࣌ࠁʹΞΫηε͢ΔͷϢχοτςετ :FT/P
ґଘઌͷϞδϡʔϧʹຊΛ͏ͷϢχοτςετ :FT/P
IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ6OJU5FTUIUNM 6OJU5FTUͷ6OJUͬͯԿʁ
IUUQTNBSUJOGPXMFSDPNCMJLJ6OJU5FTUIUNM 6OJU5FTUͷ6OJUͬͯԿʁ
5FTU4J[FΑΓᐆດ͞ͷগͳ͍ྨ
IUUQTUFTUJOHHPPHMFCMPHDPNUFTUTJ[FTIUNM ྫ(PPHMFͷ"OESPJE։ൃνʔϜʹ͓͚Δ5FTU4J[F
ςετϐϥϛου ࣗಈςετͷ৴པੑΛ தظతʹอͭ ࠷దͳόϥϯε
Ϣχοτ ΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ && ίετ ࣮ੑ ςετέʔε ߴ
ߴ ܾఆੑ ςετϐϥϛου
ςετϐϥϛουͱΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯΞϯνύλʔϯ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF
ࠞཚʮϢχοτʯʮΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯʯͷղऍͷϒϨ͔Βੜ͕ͪ͡
Ϣχοτ ΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ && ίετ ࣮ੑ ςετέʔε ߴ
ߴ ܾఆੑ ϒϨͷগͳ͍ςετͷྨج४ʜʜʁ
ίετ ࣮ੑ ߴ ߴ ܾఆੑ ϒϨͷগͳ͍ςετͷྨج४ˠςεταΠζ 4NBMM
.FEJVN -BSHF ςετέʔε
ςετμϒϧ ࣮ੑͱܾఆੑͷ τϨʔυΦϑΛཧղ͢Δ
IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM ςετμϒϧࣗಈςετ༻ͷِ
IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM ςετμϒϧͷྨʢY651ʣ
ςετμϒϧͷརͱҙ w ར w ͦͦςετ͠ʹ͍͘ͷΛςετՄೳʹ͢Δ w ςετͷͱܾఆੑΛ্ͤ͞Δ w ҙ w
ςετରͷ࣮ͱͷߏత݁߹͕ߴ·Γɺςετ͕੬͘ͳΓɺِ ཅੑΛট͘ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋςετͷϦεΫ͕͋ΓɺِӄੑΛট͘
αΠζμϯઓज़ͱ ςετϐϥϛου
IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ Ͱɺଟ͘ͷݱͰΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯ͔Β࢝·ΔʢͦΕѱ͍͜ͱͰͳ͍ʣ
Ͳ͏ͬͯΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯΛϐϥϛουʹ͢Δ͔ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF
IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ -BSHF͔Β.FEJVN
IUUQYVOJUQBUUFSOTDPN5FTU%PVCMFIUNM -BSHF͔Β.FEJVN'BLF0CKFDU 'BLFࣗಈςετ༻ͷସ࣮ɻ %ZOBNP%#ʹର͢Δ%ZOBNP%#MPDBMMPDBLTUBDL͕දྫɻ ίϯςφͰಈ࡞ͤ͞ΒΕΕςεταΠζ͕.FEJVNʹऩ·Δɻ
IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ .FEJVN͔Β4NBMM
.FEJVN͔Β4NBMM)VNCMF0CKFDU IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετ༰қੑΛԼ͍͛ͯΔཁૉΛബ͘Γग़͠ɺ ςετՄೳൣғΛ͘औΔجຊύλʔϯ
ΞΠεΫϦʔϜίʔϯ͔Βϐϥϛου IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF खಈςετ 4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF
4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF ίετ ࣮ੑ ςετέʔε ߴ
ߴ ܾఆੑ ςετμϒϧͰαΠζμϯͯ͠ɺ֤αΠζΛϐϥϛουܕʹஔ͠ɺςετશମͷ৴པੑΛҡ࣋͢Δ ςετμϒϧ ςετμϒϧ ςετ༰қੑઃܭ υϝΠϯઃܭ
medium small large ςετϐϥϛουͱςεταΠζͱϏϧυύΠϓϥΠϯ ϝϞϦͰಈ͘4NBMM5FTU Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ͜͜ͷൺΛߴΊ͍ͨ ϏϧυޙͷΠϝʔδ%#ΛΈ߹Θͤͨ .FEJVN5FTU ࣮γεςϜʹ͍ۙߏͷ -BSHF5FTU
ʢͳͷͰͯ͘ෆ҆ఆʣ
৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁 🦁
IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετʹ߹֨ͨ͠ιϑτΣΞͰ͋ΕϦϦʔεՄೳɺෆ߹֨Ͱ͋Εॏେͳ ෆ۩߹͕͋ΔɺͱνʔϜ͕֬৴Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳςετΛ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ޡݕʢِཅੑGBMTFQPTJUJWFʣݟಀ͠ʢِӄੑGBMTFOFHBUJWFʣ͕ଟ ͘ɺ৴པੑʹ͚ܽΔςετεΠʔτ͕͋·Γʹଟ͗͢Δ ৴པͷߴ͍ςετεΠʔτΛ࡞Γ্͛Δܧଓతͳྗͱ ࢿՁ͕͋Δ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ
ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ
IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ςετʹ߹֨ͨ͠ιϑτΣΞͰ͋ΕϦϦʔεՄೳɺෆ߹֨Ͱ͋Εॏେͳ ෆ۩߹͕͋ΔɺͱνʔϜ͕֬৴Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ͳςετΛ࣮ࢪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ ޡݕʢِཅੑGBMTFQPTJUJWFʣݟಀ͠ʢِӄੑGBMTFOFHBUJWFʣ͕ଟ ͘ɺ৴པੑʹ͚ܽΔςετεΠʔτ͕͋·Γʹଟ͗͢Δ ৴པͷߴ͍ςετεΠʔτΛ࡞Γ্͛Δܧଓతͳྗͱ ࢿՁ͕͋Δ ৴པੑͷߴ͍ࣗಈςετΛඋ͑Δ͜ͱ
ʰ-FBOͱ%FW0QTͷՊֶʱQʢ˞༁ΛҰ෦มߋʣ
ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ
fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆɺςετෆ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ
৴པෆೳੑʢ fl BLJOFTTʣ͕ʹۙ͢ΔͱɺςετՁΛࣦ͍࢝ΊΔ IUUQTXXXPSFJMMZDPKQCPPLT ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQ
ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ
fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆɺςετෆ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ
4NBMM ʢ୯Ұϓϩηεʣ .FEJVN ʢ୯ҰϚγϯʣ -BSHF ʢ੍ͳ͠ʣ 6OJU େ͍ʹਪ ආ͚͍͕ͨ ͔ͨ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖
࠷ѱ͕ͩ Α͘ݟ͔͚Δ *OUFHSBUJPO ॻ͚ΔͳΒ ίεύྑ͠ ී௨ Ͱ͖Ε ආ͚͍ͨ && ݪཧ্ෆՄೳʹ͍͕ۙ খ͍͞γεςϜͳΒՄೳʁ খ͍͞γεςϜ ͳΒՄೳ ී௨͔ͭ $6+ʹߜΓ͍ͨ 5FTU4DPQFͱ5FTU4J[F ߏత ݁߹ ߴ 5FTU4J[F 5FTU4DPQF қ Օॴಛఆͷ༰қ͞
4NBMM ʢ୯Ұϓϩηεʣ .FEJVN ʢ୯ҰϚγϯʣ -BSHF ʢ੍ͳ͠ʣ 6OJU େ͍ʹਪ ආ͚͍͕ͨ ͔ͨ͠ͳ͍ͱ͖
࠷ѱ͕ͩ Α͘ݟ͔͚Δ *OUFHSBUJPO ॻ͚ΔͳΒ ίεύྑ͠ ී௨ Ͱ͖Ε ආ͚͍ͨ && ݪཧ্ෆՄೳʹ͍͕ۙ খ͍͞γεςϜͳΒՄೳʁ খ͍͞γεςϜ ͳΒՄೳ ී௨͔ͭ $6+ʹߜΓ͍ͨ 5FTU4DPQFͱ5FTU4J[F ߏత ݁߹ ߴ 5FTU4J[F 5FTU4DPQF қ Օॴಛఆͷ༰қ͞ ίεύྑ͠ ίεύѱ͠
ِཅੑͱِӄੑͷύλʔϯ w ِཅੑ w ੬͍ςετ CSJUUMFUFTU GSBHJMFUFTU w ৴པෆೳςετ
fl BLZUFTU w ِӄੑ w ۭৼΓ w ΧόϨοδෆɺςετෆ w ࣗ࡞ࣗԋ
// プロダクトコード class Item { // コンストラクタ割愛 tax_amount() { const
rate = (this.tax_rate / 100); return (this.price / (1 + rate)) * rate; } } // テストコード it('税込価格から税額を返す', () => { const item = new Item('技評茶', 130, 8); const expected = (130 / (1 + (8 / 100))) * (8 / 100); assert.equal(item.tax_amount(), expected); }); ࣗ࡞ࣗԋͷྫςετରϩδοΫͷςετίʔυͷ࿙Εग़͠ ԁະຬͷ͕ൃੜ͢Δ όά͕͋Δ ςετίʔυͷํಉ͡ϩδοΫͰ ظΛܭࢉ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ ςετ͕ޭͯ͠͠·͏
৴པੑͷߴ͍ ࣮ߦ݁Ռʹ ͍࣌ؒͰ౸ୡ͢Δ ঢ়ଶΛอͭ "HFOEB 🦁
ࣗಈςετจԽͱ
IUUQTXXXPSFJMMZDPKQCPPLT ࣗಈςετจԽͱ ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQ ʰ(PPHMFͷιϑτΣΞΤϯδχΞϦϯάʱQQ
ʰY6OJU5FTU1BUUFSOTʱΑΓ อकੑʹΛ๊͑ͨςετ ςετίʔυͷϝϯςφϯεͱ͖߹͏ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQ ཧ ݱ࣮
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ςετʹίετ͕͔͔Δ ͜ͱͷղܾํ๏ɺςε τΛΊΔ͜ͱͰ͋Γ ·ͤΜɻ͏·͘ͳΔ͜ͱ Ͱ͢ɻ 4BOEJ.FU[ ʰΦϒδΣΫτࢦઃܭ࣮ફΨΠυʱQ IUUQTHJIZPKQCPPL
4NBMM .FEJVN -BSHF ίετ ࣮ੑ ςετέʔε ߴ
ߴ ܾఆੑ ·ͱΊςετμϒϧͰαΠζμϯͯ͠ɺ֤αΠζΛϐϥϛουܕʹஔ͠ɺςετશମͷ৴པੑΛҡ࣋͢Δ ςετμϒϧ ςετμϒϧ ςετ༰қੑઃܭ υϝΠϯઃܭ
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