Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
Instagram Under the Hood
Search
Carl Meyer
November 04, 2016
Technology
8
8.6k
Instagram Under the Hood
Django Under the Hood 2016
Carl Meyer
November 04, 2016
Tweet
Share
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
AWSを利用する上で知っておきたい名前解決のはなし(10分版)
nagisa53
10
3.1k
Webアプリケーションにオブザーバビリティを実装するRust入門ガイド
nwiizo
7
830
DevIO2025_継続的なサービス開発のための技術的意思決定のポイント / how-to-tech-decision-makaing-devio2025
nologyance
1
400
Autonomous Database - Dedicated 技術詳細 / adb-d_technical_detail_jp
oracle4engineer
PRO
4
10k
Snowflake Intelligenceにはこうやって立ち向かう!クラシルが考えるAI Readyなデータ基盤と活用のためのDataOps
gappy50
0
230
Agile PBL at New Grads Trainings
kawaguti
PRO
1
430
2025年になってもまだMySQLが好き
yoku0825
8
4.8k
【実演版】カンファレンス登壇者・スタッフにこそ知ってほしいマイクの使い方 / 大吉祥寺.pm 2025
arthur1
1
850
未経験者・初心者に贈る!40分でわかるAndroidアプリ開発の今と大事なポイント
operando
5
610
Rustから学ぶ 非同期処理の仕組み
skanehira
1
140
COVESA VSSによる車両データモデルの標準化とAWS IoT FleetWiseの活用
osawa
1
280
Aurora DSQLはサーバーレスアーキテクチャの常識を変えるのか
iwatatomoya
1
980
Featured
See All Featured
Why Our Code Smells
bkeepers
PRO
339
57k
We Have a Design System, Now What?
morganepeng
53
7.8k
Refactoring Trust on Your Teams (GOTO; Chicago 2020)
rmw
34
3.1k
Responsive Adventures: Dirty Tricks From The Dark Corners of Front-End
smashingmag
252
21k
ReactJS: Keep Simple. Everything can be a component!
pedronauck
667
120k
Making Projects Easy
brettharned
117
6.4k
Principles of Awesome APIs and How to Build Them.
keavy
126
17k
Why You Should Never Use an ORM
jnunemaker
PRO
59
9.5k
BBQ
matthewcrist
89
9.8k
Cheating the UX When There Is Nothing More to Optimize - PixelPioneers
stephaniewalter
285
13k
Building Adaptive Systems
keathley
43
2.7k
[Rails World 2023 - Day 1 Closing Keynote] - The Magic of Rails
eileencodes
36
2.5k
Transcript
Django Under the Hood 2016 Carl Meyer INSTAGRAM UNDER THE
HOOD
None
None
None
4,200,000,000 EVERY DAY
2,300,000,000,000
None
October 2010
— Mike Krieger “SUPER EASY SET-UP... ONE WAY OF DOING
THINGS... EASY TESTING.”
1M Instagrammers December 2010
None
None
None
None
5M Instagrammers June 2011
USERS LIKES COMMENTS MEDIA
class VerticalPartitionRouter(object): DB_FOR_MODEL = { 'likes.like': 'likes', 'comments.comment': 'comments', 'media.media':
'media', } def _db_for(self, model_or_obj): label = model_or_obj._meta.label_lower return self.DB_FOR_MODEL.get(label, 'default') def db_for_read(self, model, **hints): return self._db_for(model) def db_for_write(self, model, **hints): return self._db_for(model) def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints): return self._db_for(obj_1) == self._db_for(obj_2)
None
USERS LIKES COMMENTS MEDIA
None
LOGICAL SHARDS (PG SCHEMAS) PHYSICAL SERVERS
LOGICAL SHARDS (PG SCHEMAS) PHYSICAL SERVERS
commit 5c7034fa8b934569cce5c1bf4bb202f2f3f18bc9 Author: Mike Krieger Date: Tue Jul 19 23:47:26
2011 -0700 WIP
class ShardedObject(object): def insert(self, shard_on_id, from_table, values): shard, db =
get_conn_for_shard_key(shard_on_id) cursor = db.cursor() placeholders = ','.join( [("%%(%s)s" % key) for key in values.keys()]) columns = ','.join(values.keys()) insert_statement = ( "INSERT INTO idb%s.%s (%s) VALUES (%s)" % (shard, from_table, columns, placeholders) ) cursor.execute(insert_statement, values) db.commit()
138726300013410905 SHARDED UNIQUE IDS TIMESTAMP SHARD ID SEQUENCE CREATE OR
REPLACE FUNCTION insta5.next_id... CREATE TABLE insta5.our_table ( "id" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT insta5.next_id(), ...rest of table schema... )
None
40M Instagrammers April 2012
Memcached
Data center A Memcached Data center B Memcached Invalidator Invalidator
MULTI-REGION CACHE INVALIDATION
CONTEMPLATING THE TAO
TAO Memcached Memcached Memcached Memcached Memcached
TAO DATA MODEL Jan follows Pat. Pat posts a photo.
Jan authors a comment on the photo. Pat likes the comment. Jan Pat Follows Followed by "Contemplative cat!" Comment on Has comment Posted Posted by Authored Authored by Liked by Likes
CONTEMPLATING THE TAO
None
500M Instagrammers June 2016
“JUST KEEP FIXING UNTIL THE TESTS PASS.” UPGRADING DJANGO
INSTAGRAM: (1.3 + 1.8) Now compatible with Django 3.1TM
INSTAGRAM: Now compatible with Django Django 1.8!
OUR (MONKEY) PATCHES 40 1 Don't recompile URL regexes for
every active language. 2 Don't try to load translations from an app with no locale directory. 3Unlazified settings!
from django.conf import settings def force_unlazified_settings(): for key in dir(settings):
settings.__dict__[key] = getattr(settings, key) UNLAZY ALL THE SETTINGS!
INSTAGRAM: Now compatible with Django Django 1.8! (and fast as
ever)
500M+ Instagrammers Today!
Proxygen Django & uWSGI TAO Cassandra Everstore Celery & RabbitMQ
None
None
Active Last Minute ???
COUNTING CPU INSTRUCTIONS WITH PERF struct perf_event_attr pe; pe.type =
PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE; pe.config = PERF_COUNT_HW_INSTRUCTIONS; fd = perf_event_open(&pe, 0, -1, -1, 0); ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE); // code whose CPU instructions you want to measure ioctl(fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_DISABLE); read(fd, &count, sizeof(long long));
CPU instructions/s CPU instructions/s
CPU instructions/s CPU instructions/s
None
AppWeight
Continuous deployment 30-50 deploys per day
None
DYNOSTATS class DynostatsMiddleware(object): def process_request(self, req): req.dynostats_enabled = ( 1
== random.randint(1, settings.DYNO_SAMPLE_RATE)) if req.dynostats_enabled: # uses Linux perf library req.dyno_start_cpu_instr = get_cpu_instructions() # use clock_gettime from librt req.dyno_start_wall_time = get_real_wall_time() req.dyno_start_cpu_time = get_process_cpu_time() # uses /proc/<pid>/statm req.dyno_start_rss_mem = get_process_rss_mem() def process_response(self, req, response): if req.dynostats_enabled: # get end values, send to scribe w/ req details return response
None
None
None
CPROFILE class ProfilerMiddleware(object): def process_request(self, req): req.cprofile_enabled = ( 1
== randint(1, settings.CPROFILE_SAMPLE_RATE)) if req.cprofile_enabled: req.profiler = cProfile.Profile() req.profiler.enable() def process_response(self, req, response): if req.cprofile_enabled: req.profiler.disable() req.profiler.create_stats() send_to_scribe(msgpack.dumps(profiler.stats))
None
None
None
import cProfile import resource def get_cpu_instr(): # use perf to
get CPU instructions cpu_profiler = cProfile.Profile(timer=get_cpu_instr) def get_rss_mem(): return resource.getrusage( resource.RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss mem_profiler = cProfile.Profile(timer=get_rss_mem) CUSTOM CPROFILE TIMERS
A B X Y
A B X Y cached_property
A B X Y
FIXING EFFICIENCY REGRESSIONS - Fixing the obvious. - Don't do
useless work. - Cache things that don't change. - Change a .py to a .pyx: Cython. - Rewrite in C.
tightly integrated loosely coupled
make the easy things easy and the hard things possible
— Mike Krieger “SUPER EASY SETUP.”
— Mike Krieger “THE PIECES WERE PLUGGABLE ENOUGH... EVEN WITH
OUR OWN ORM WE COULD USE MOST OF THE REST OF DJANGO.”
AN INCOMPLETE LIST OF THE DJANGO WE RELY ON -
HTTP stack - requests and responses - contrib.sessions - contrib.auth - middleware - url routing - settings - forms - i18n - contrib.gis - django.utils - cache backends - HTTP decorators - CSRF - signals - management commands
None
async(io) pypy? CPython JIT? traffic replay python 3
None
engineering.instagram.com
[email protected]
@carljm
None
None
PHOTOS database by RockIcon, smiley by Vandana Agrawal, server by
Alexander Skowalsky, from Noun Project https://www.flickr.com/photos/yashh/2834704689 https://unsplash.com/photos/KEXUeZIev10 https://unsplash.com/photos/pd4lo70LdbI https://unsplash.com/photos/jh2KTqHLMjE https://www.flickr.com/photos/johnsonderman/15144843722 https://www.flickr.com/photos/kennethreitz/5521545772/ https://www.instagram.com/p/mNj4L3OTzj/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/67926342@N08/6175870684 https://www.flickr.com/photos/lytfyre/6489338411 https://unsplash.com/photos/4fQAMZNaGUo https://unsplash.com/photos/glHJybGNt1M https://www.flickr.com/photos/nedrichards/51132692 https://www.flickr.com/photos/sophistechate/2913053678 https://www.flickr.com/photos/elviskennedy/6784123582 https://unsplash.com/photos/HkTMcmlMOUQ