social media content Focus groups Observer and/or participant-observer Non-text content (e.g. recordings, videos) Historical (e.g. journals, older news media, other older documentation, etc) More common (in public affairs research) Less common (but appropriate and valuable) Qualitative Data Sources
with narratives such as personal diaries and journals. In the strictest sense, content analysis converts qualitative data into quantitative analysis. However, it is often used qualitatively to identify common themes. — Gail Johnson
by assigning it to/tagging it with a more general, abstract, or comparable meaning • A code can be “more” or “less” quantitative or qualitative • Coding often takes the form of assigning themes to text • Coding can be “more” or “less” inductive or deductive Question(s) Theory & Concepts Data Deductive Inductive
Word count Quant Quantification of word use through frequencies Inductive AND/ OR deductive Key words in context (KWIC) Qual Contextualizing use of words/ terms/ phrases Inductive AND deductive Constant comparison analysis Qual Reiterative thematic coding Inductive AND/ OR deductive Classical content analysis Quant Quantification of coding through code frequencies Deductive