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Week 10 Videocast Slide Deck

DPC
October 14, 2020

Week 10 Videocast Slide Deck

DPC

October 14, 2020
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  1. Quantitative Data Information that is systematically collected and communicated in

    numerical form; Data that can be analyzed with mathematical (usually statistical) techniques
  2. Levels of Measurement Nominal (aka Categorical) Ordinal Interval Ratio Descriptive

    labels/ categories; no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers Depict the order and difference between integers (“interval” = distance between entities); No “true” zero Depict the order and difference between integers; “True” zero ✓ Genders ✓ Countries ✓ Cities ✓ Occupations ✓ Likert-scale survey responses ✓ “Star” ratings ✓ Interval/ratio data expressed as categories ✓ IQ Scores ✓ Temperature ✓ Age ✓ Income ✓ Budgets
  3. Descriptive Statistics Analysis of data that helps describe, show or

    summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns might emerge from the data.
  4. Counts Percentages Rates Ratios Measures of central tendency Measures of

    dispersion Commonly Used Descriptive Statistics
  5. Mean: Average value (sum/n) Median: Midpoint of a distribution (middle

    number) Mode: Most frequent value Measures of Central Tendency Figures (numbers) that represent the “center” of the data
  6. Levels of Measurement Nominal (aka Categorical) Ordinal Interval Ratio Descriptive

    labels/ categories; no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers Depict the order and difference between integers (“interval” = distance between entities); No “true” zero Depict the order and difference between integers; “True” zero ✓ Mode ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Mean ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Mean
  7. Measures of Central Tendency $75k $65k $50k $50k $30k $30k

    $30k Mean = $47k Median = $50k Mode = $30k
  8. Measures of Central Tendency $75k $65k $50k $50k $30k $30k

    $30k Mean = $47k Median = $50k Mode = $30k $500k $75k $65k $50k $50k $30k $30k $30k Mean = $104k Median = $50k Mode = $30k
  9. Range: Difference between lowest and highest values Standard Deviation: Calculated

    spread from the mean Interquartile Range: Spread from the median (Q3-Q1) Measures of Dispersion “Spread” of data; how far the data diverge from the data “center”
  10. Levels of Measurement Nominal (aka Categorical) Ordinal Interval Ratio Descriptive

    labels/ categories; no meaningful order to values Depict the order of a measurement, but not the difference between integers Depict the order and difference between integers (“interval” = distance between entities); No “true” zero Depict the order and difference between integers; “True” zero ✓ Mode ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Interquartile range ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Mean ✓ Interquartile range ✓ Standard deviation ✓ Mode ✓ Median ✓ Mean ✓ Interquartile range ✓ Standard deviation
  11. Visualizing Data Strongly agree = 5 Agree = 4 Neither

    agree nor disagree = 3 Disagree = 2 Strongly disagree = 1 Mean = 3.13 Mode = 5 Mean = 3.16 Mode = 3 Indicate your level of agreement that this is an overall effective course...
  12. $75k $65k $50k $50k $30k $30k $30k Mean = $47k

    Median = $50k Mode = $30k $500k $75k $65k $50k $50k $30k $30k $30k Mean = $104k Median = $50k Mode = $30k
  13. Differences in satisfaction with city services based on race Using

    frequencies Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Total White 113 30 8 151 Nonwhite 37 15 22 74 Using percentages Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Total White 75 20 5 100 Nonwhite 50 20 30 100
  14. Examining Relationships Differences in measures of central tendency (means, medians,

    modes) Crosstabs • Controlling for a third variable in crosstabs
  15. Differences in satisfaction with city services based on race (percentages)

    Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Total White 75 20 5 100 Nonwhite 50 20 30 100
  16. Differences in satisfaction with city services based on race (percentages)

    Less- affluent neighborhoods Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Total White 28 22 50 100 Nonwhite 31 18 51 100 More-affluent neighborhoods Satisfied Neither Dissatisfied Total White 77 18 5 100 Nonwhite 74 20 6 100
  17. Examining Relationships Differences in measures of central tendency (means, medians,

    modes) Crosstabs • Controlling for a third variable in crosstabs Measures of association • Appropriate correlation analysis for level of measurement (i.e. nominal, ordinal, interval); Johnson, pg. 208 • Direction of relationship • Strength of relationship (correlation coefficient = r); Johnson, pg. 206