의존성 주입과 모듈화

2026년 4월 15일 (수) 삼성전자에서의 발표자료입니다.

Transcript

1. 의 존 성 주 이 ᆸ 과 NAVER WEBTOON | 안성용
2. Sungyong An NAVER WEBTOON Android GDE @fornewid Link: h tt ps://speakerdeck.com/fornewid
3. (Dependency Injection) ? ? 🤔
4. Dagger Hilt ? ? 🤔
5. ? ? 🤔
6. (Modularization) ? ? 🤔
7. ? ? 🤔
8. . 목표
9. (Dependency Injection) Manual DI Dagger Hilt Dagger Hilt (Modularization) Dagger Hilt Dagger Hilt DI , Metro
10. (Dependency Injection) 1
11. (Dependency) ? (Reference) . . , Car Engine . Car Engine Dependency
12. (Dependency Injection) (DI) . . Car Engine
13. class Car { private val engine: Engine = Engine() // construct + use fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Car Engine Current
14. class Car( private val engine: Engine // use ) { fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val engine = Engine() // construct val car = Car(engine) car.start() } Car With DI (Constructor Injection) Engine
15. class Car { lateinit var engine: Engine // use fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.engine = Engine() // construct car.start() } With DI (Field Injection) Car Engine
16. Engine , Car . fun main(args: Array<String>) { val electricCar = Car(ElectricEngine()) val combustionCar = Car(CombustionEngine()) ... } Reuse Car
17. ? 🙋
18. class CarTest { @Test fun `Car happy path`() { val car = Car(FakeEngine()) ... } @Test fun `Car with failing Engine`() { val car = Car(FakeFailingEngine()) ... } } Ease of Testing
19. DI . Car Engine
20. : (Service Locator) (DI) . (SL) , . Service Locator Car Engine
21. class Car { private val engine: Engine = Engine() } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Car Engine Current
22. class Car( private val engine: Engine ) { ... } fun main(args: Array) { val engine = Engine() val car = Car(engine) car.start() } Car Dependency Injection Engine
23. class Car { private val engine: Engine = ServiceLocator.getEngine() } object ServiceLocator { fun getEngine() : Engine = Engine() } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Service Locator Engine Car Service Locator
24. class CarTest { @Test fun `Car happy path`() { ServiceLocator.set(FakeEngine()) val car = Car() } @Test fun `Car with failing Engine`() { ServiceLocator.set(FakeFailingEngine()) val car = Car() // ׮ܲ పझ౟৬ ୽ج! } } Service Locator
25. class Car { private val engine = ServiceLocator.get() // Carо Engineী ੄ઓೞח૑ ৻ࠗীࢲח ঌ ࣻ হ׮ } Service Locator
26. (DI) : . . , . Singleton . , .
27. ? . Android Studio Dagger/Hilt . DI . DI , . Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/dagger-navigation-suppo rt -in-android-studio-49aa5d149ec9
28. (Manual DI) 2
29. Before . , DB Activity , Singleton Activity . ExampleActivity Network Database
30. ViewModel Singleton . ExampleViewModel Before ExampleActivity Network Database
31. class ExampleViewModel : ViewModel() { fun doSomething() { Database.getSomething().subscribe(...) Network.getSomething().subscribe(...) } } object Database { ... } object Network { ... } Before
32. Database Network . After: Manual DI ExampleActivity Network Database ExampleViewModel
33. class ExampleViewModel( private val database: Database, private val network: Network, ) : ViewModel() { fun doSomething() { database.getSomething().subscribe(...) network.getSomething().subscribe(...) } } class Database { ... } class Network { ... } Manual DI
34. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val database = Database() // Singleton੉ ইפ׮. val network = Network() // ૊, ݒߣ ࢤࢿػ׮. viewModel = ExampleViewModel(database, network) viewModel.doSomething() } } Manual DI
35. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val database = Database() // Singleton੉ ইפ׮. val network = Network() // ૊, ݒߣ ࢤࢿػ׮. viewModel = ExampleViewModel(database, network) viewModel.doSomething() } } Manual DI
36. Manual DI ViewModel Boilerplate , ExampleViewModel . . ExampleViewModel Database Network . . Database Network Singleton . , .
37. class AppContainer { val database = Database() val network = Network() } class MyApplication : Application() { val appContainer = AppContainer() }
38. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer viewModel = ExampleViewModel(appContainer.database, appContainer.network) viewModel.doSomething() } }
39. Android . Example Activity Example ViewModel Network Database
40. Android . Example Activity Example ViewModel Example Repository Example LocalDataSource Example RemoteDataSource Network Database
41. class AppContainer { private val database = Database() private val network = Network() private val localDataSource = ExampleLocalDataSource(database) private val remoteDataSource = ExampleRemoteDataSource(network) val exampleRepository = ExampleRepository(localDataSource, remoteDataSource) } class MyApplication : Application() { val appContainer = AppContainer() }
42. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer viewModel = ExampleViewModel(appContainer.exampleRepository) // Singleton viewModel.doSomething() } }
43. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer viewModel = ExampleViewModel(appContainer.getExampleRepository()) // New! viewModel.doSomething() } }
44. class AppContainer { private val database = Database() private val network = Network() private val localDataSource = ExampleLocalDataSource(database) private val remoteDataSource = ExampleRemoteDataSource(network) fun getExampleRepository() : ExampleRepository { return ExampleRepository(localDataSource, remoteDataSource) // New! } }
45. Singleton . Example Activity Example ViewModel Example Repository Example LocalDataSource Example RemoteDataSource Network Database Custom Scope
46. // Application ࠁ׮ ੘਷ ߧਤ੄ ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց class ExampleContainer(val exampleRepository: ExampleRepository) { val exampleData = ExampleData() val exampleViewModelFactory = ExampleViewModelFactory(exampleRepository) } class AppContainer { ... val exampleRepository = ExampleRepository(localDataSource, remoteDataSource) var exampleContainer: ExampleContainer? = null } : Custom Scope
47. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel private lateinit var appContainer: AppContainer private lateinit var data: ExampleData override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer appContainer.exampleContainer = // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ࢤࢿ ExampleContainer(appContainer.exampleRepository) viewModel = appContainer.exampleContainer.exampleViewModelFactory.create() data = appContainer.exampleContainer.exampleData } ... : Custom Scope
48. class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel private lateinit var appContainer: AppContainer private lateinit var data: ExampleData ... override fun onDestroy() { appContainer.exampleContainer = null // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ࢏ઁ super.onDestroy() } } } : Custom Scope
49. DI . Android ߂ Java ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ࣗझ௏٘ ࢤࢿ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger ӝ߈ Android ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ؀ࠗ࠙੄ Dagger ࢚ਊҳ ઁѢ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger Hilt (Recommended) Dagger੄ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ؊ औѱ ݅٘ח Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ ೒۞Ӓੋ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/square/anvil Anvil Kotlin ҃۝ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ۠ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ҳࢿ. Service Locator ಁఢ. https://github.com/InsertKoinIO/koin Kotlin ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ. KSP, Kotlin Multiplatform ૑ਗ. https://github.com/evant/kotlin-inject Koin kotlin-inject …
50. Dagger Hilt 3
51. Dagger Hilt Android DI Android , . (Application, Activity, Service, BroadcastReceiver, ViewModel) Dagger , . Jetpack Hilt .
52. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides // construct fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } Engine @Provides ١ਸ ੉ਊೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿਸ ઁҕೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
53. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides // construct fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( // use private val engine: Engine, ) Car Engine @Injectܳ ੉ਊೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿਸ ௿ېझ ࢤࢿ੗ী ઱ੑೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
54. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( // construct private val engine: Engine, ) @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // Dependency Injection (Field Injection) @Inject // use lateinit var car: Car } Car ExampleActivity Engine Android ௿ېझח ࢤࢿ੗о ইצ, ೙٘ী ੄ઓࢿਸ ઱ੑೠ׮.
55. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( private val engine: Engine, ) @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // Dependency Injection (Field Injection) @Inject lateinit var car: Car } = public @interface Module { ... } = public @interface InstallIn { ... } = public @interface Provides {} = public @interface Inject {} = public @interface AndroidEntryPoint { ... } = public @interface Inject {} Annotationਸ ӝ߈ਵ۽, ੄ઓࢿਸ ઱ੑೞח ௏٘ܳ ࢤࢿ೧ળ׮.
56. Code generation Hilt Dagger . Dagger .
57. // project’s root build.gradle buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:2.59.2' } } // module’s build.gradle apply plugin: 'com.google.dagger.hilt.android' Gradle Build Setup
58. // module’s build.gradle dependencies { implementation 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.59.2' // For Java annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.59.2' // For Kotlin kapt 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.59.2' // or ksp 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.59.2' } Gradle Build Setup
59. Hilt Basics Dagger Hilt . @HiltAndroidApp @AndroidEntryPoint, @EntryPoint Components SingletonComponent, ViewModelComponent, ActivityComponent, ... Scopes @Singleton, @ViewModelScoped, @ActivityScoped, … Modules @Inject, @Module, @Provides, @Binds, @Quali fi er, …
60. Hilt Application Hilt Application @HiltAndroidApp . , Hilt . @Inject , . @HiltAndroidApp class MyApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var data: ExampleData } MyApplication ExampleData
61. Android Android @AndroidEntryPoint . @Inject , . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var data: ExampleData } ... ExampleActivity ExampleData
62. @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : Fragment() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleView @JvmOverloads constructor( context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null, defStyleAttr: Int = 0, ) : View(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleService : Service() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleBroadcastReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() { ... }
63. @AndroidEntryPoint // X class ExampleContentProvider : ContentProvider() { ... } // Activity, Fragment, View, Service, BroadcastReceiverо ইצ, // ׮ܲ Android ௿ېझীח @AndroidEntryPointܳ ࢎਊೡ ࣻ হ׮.
64. Hilt @EntryPoint . Context Hilt . Hilt @EntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface ExampleEntryPoint { fun foo(): Foo } val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( appContext, // Context ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val foo = entryPoint.foo()
65. class ExampleContentProvider : ContentProvider() { override fun query(...): Cursor { val appContext = context?.applicationContext ?: throw Exception() val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( appContext, ExampleEntryPoint::class.java ) val foo = entryPoint.foo() ... } }
66. @Composable private fun rememberFoo(): Foo { val context = LocalContext.current return remember { val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( context.applicationContext, ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) entryPoint.foo() } } @Composable fun ExampleComposable() { val foo: Foo = rememberFoo() ... }
67. val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromActivity( activity, // Activity ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromFragment( fragment, // Fragment ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromView( view, // View ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, )
68. @AndroidEntryPoint @EntryPoint @HiltAndroidApp Overview
69. Hilt Bindings Android , . @Inject , . @Singleton class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( private val local: ExampleLocalDataSource, private val remote: ExampleRemoteDataSource, ) { ... } ExampleRepository
70. . Hilt @Module Binding . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class AppModule { @Singleton @Provides fun providesExampleRepository(...): ExampleRepository { return ExampleRepositoryImpl(...) } } Hilt Modules
71. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class AppModule { @Singleton @Provides fun providesExampleRepository( local: ExampleLocalDataSource, remote: ExampleRemoteDataSource, ): ExampleRepository { return ExampleRepository(local, remote) } } Hilt Modules: @Provides ExampleRepository
72. interface ExampleRepository @Singleton class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor(...) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface AppModule { @Binds fun bindsExampleRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl, ): ExampleRepository } Hilt Modules: @Binds ExampleRepositoryImpl ExampleRepository
73. , . ( ) Binding @Qualifier . @Inject lateinit var coroutineDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DispatchersModule { @Provides fun providesDefaultDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.Default @Provides fun providesIoDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier ?
74. @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class DefaultDispatcher @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class IoDispatcher Hilt Modules: @Qualifier
75. @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class DefaultDispatcher // key @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class IoDispatcher // key Hilt Modules: @Qualifier
76. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DispatchersModule { @DefaultDispatcher @Provides fun providesMainDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.Default @IoDispatcher @Provides fun providesIoDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier
77. class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( @DefaultDispatcher defaultDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher, ) { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesExampleRepository( @IoDispatcher ioDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher, ): ExampleRepository { ... } } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier
78. Hilt Modules: Predefined @Qualifier Hilt @Qualifier . (@ApplicationContext, @ActivityContext) Context . class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext private val appContext: Context, ) { ... } class AnalyticsAdapter @Inject constructor( @ActivityContext private val activityContext: Context, ) { ... }
79. @Module @Provides @Binds @Inject @AndroidEntryPoint @EntryPoint @HiltAndroidApp Overview @Qualifier
80. Component . Scope Annotation . Component / Scope
81. @InstallIn , @Module Component . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object ExampleModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) @Singleton @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } Component
82. Scope Annotation , Component . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object ExampleModule { // unscoped @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) @Singleton @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } Scope
83. Component , . Component hierarchy
84. Component hierarchy @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } @Module @InstallIn(ActivityComponent::class) object ActivityModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) }
85. Component hierarchy @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesBaz(bar: Bar): Baz = BazImpl(bar) } @Module @InstallIn(ActivityComponent::class) object ActivityModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) }
86. SingletonComponent Overview @Module Foo ActivityRetainedComponent Bar ActivityComponent @Module Baz
87. SingletonComponent Overview @Module Repository ActivityRetainedComponent UseCase ActivityComponent @Module Database
88. : Provider @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var data: Provider<ExampleData> ... data.get() // ੉ द੼ী ࢤࢿػ׮. ױ, ݒߣ ࢜۽਍ ё୓о ٜ݅য૓׮. ... } @Inject , . Provider get() . .
89. : Lazy Lazy get() , . . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var data: Lazy<ExampleData> ... data.get() // ੉ द੼ী ё୓о ࢤࢿػ׮. ױ, ৈ۞ߣ ഐ୹ೞݶ ੉޷ ࢤࢿػ ё୓о ߈ജػ׮. ... }
90. Jetpack Hilt Jetpack . @EntryPoint . ViewModel WorkManager
91. ViewModel @HiltViewModel . , . @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val savedStateHandle: SavedStateHandle, private val repository: ExampleRepository, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : Activity() { private val exampleViewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } Jetpack : ViewModel
92. @HiltWorker, @AssistedInject , Worker . @Assisted . @HiltWorker class ExampleWorker @AssistedInject constructor( @Assisted appContext: Context, @Assisted workerParams: WorkerParameters, private val repository: ExampleRepository, ) : Worker(appContext, workerParams) { ... } Jetpack : WorkManager
93. // ۄ੉࠳۞ܻܳ ୶о ࢸ஖೧ঠ ೠ׮. dependencies { implementation 'androidx.hilt:hilt-work:1.0.0' kapt 'androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0' } // HiltWorkerFactory۽ WorkManagerܳ ୡӝച೧ঠ ೠ׮. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application(), Configuration.Provider { @Inject lateinit var workerFactory: HiltWorkerFactory override fun getWorkManagerConfiguration() = Configuration.Builder() .setWorkerFactory(workerFactory) .build() }
94. @Module @Provides @Binds @Inject @AndroidEntryPoint @EntryPoint @HiltAndroidApp Overview @Qualifier Provider Lazy @HiltViewModel @HiltWorker @Singleton, ... -Component
95. Dagger Hilt 4
96. (1) Component Component , . SingletonComponent (1) ActivityRetainedComponent ActivityComponent FragmentComponent (3) (2)
97. Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { private val bar = Bar() bar.doSomething() }
98. @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar bar.doSomething() } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }
99. (1-A) : Singleton Singleton . object SingletonBar { fun doSomething() { ... } } ... SingletonBar.doSomething()
100. Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { SingletonBar.doSomething() } object SingletonBar { fun doSomething() { ... } }
101. After: , Singleton @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar singletonBar.doSomething() } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBar }
102. After: interface-impl , Singleton object SingletonBar { fun doSomething() { ... } } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBar }
103. After: interface-impl , Singleton interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Deprecated object SingletonBarImpl : SingletonBar { override fun doSomething() { ... } } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBarImpl }
104. After: Hilt Singleton interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Singleton class SingletonBarImpl @Inject constructor() : SingletonBar { override fun doSomething() { ... } } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface BarModule { @Binds fun bindBar(impl: SingletonBarImpl): SingletonBar }
105. (1-B) : Singleton + Context Singleton Context . class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { fun doSomething() { ... } companion object { private lateinit var instance: SingletonBar fun initialize(context: Context) { instance = SingletonBar(context.applicationContext) } fun getInstance(): SingletonBar = instance } }
106. Before class ExampleApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() SingletonBar.initialize(this) } } class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) SingletonBar.getInstance().doSomething() } }
107. After: , Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBar.getInstance() } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) singletonBar.doSomething() } }
108. After: interface-impl , Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBarImpl.getInstance() } interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Deprecated class SingletonBarImpl private constructor( context: Context ) : SingletonBar { ... }
109. After: Hilt Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface BarModule { @Binds fun bindBar(impl: SingletonBarImpl): SingletonBar } interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Singleton class SingletonBarImpl @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext context: Context ) : SingletonBar { ... }
110. class ExampleApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() // SingletonBar.initialize(this) } } After: Hilt Singleton
111. (1-C) : Singleton + Singleton Singleton . class SingletonBar private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { ... } }
112. Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) SingletonBar.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonBar private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { ... } }
113. Before class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor( private val context: Context ) { fun doSomething() { ... } }
114. After class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo fun doSomething() { singletonFoo.doSomething() } } @Singleton class SingletonFoo @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext private val context: Context ) { fun doSomething() { ... } }
115. After class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo init { val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( context.applicationContext, SingletonBarEntryPoint::class.java ) singletonFoo = entryPoint.provideFoo() } } @EntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface SingletonBarEntryPoint { fun provideFoo(): SingletonFoo }
116. Final @Singleton class SingletonBar @Inject constructor( private val context: Context, private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo, ) { fun doSomething() { singletonFoo.doSomething() } }
117. (2) Depth . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar fun doSomething() { singletonBar.doSomething() } } (3) (1) (2) app start
118. (2-A) : Component Component Component @AndroidEntryPoint . , Fragment Hilt Fragment Activity @AndroidEntryPoint . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : Fragment() { ... } ExampleActivity ExampleFragment @inject
119. ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { }
120. ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() }
121. ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by activityViewModels() }
122. (2-B) : Base Base , @AndroidEntryPoint . class BaseActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : BaseActivity() { ... }
123. , . , DI . Dagger Hilt . Component, Scope, Module, @Inject, @AndroidEntryPoint, … .
124. (Modularization) 5
125. ? A app B data app domain or app app common C domain app app data app app feature app app app or
126. App Architecture ( , , UDF ) ? interface, class ( ) ?
127. Modularization (app, feature, data, common)
128. App Architecture Modularization • UI Layer • Domain Layer (Optional) • Data Layer 1:1 . • App Modules • Feature Modules • Data Modules • Common Modules • Test Modules
129. ? Layer Domain Data UI Feature Domain Data UI Layer + Feature Domain Data UI
130. Now in Android . / ?
131. = ? , . , . , . . .
132. , . (ex. Common Data Feature) (1) Version Catalog (2) Data (3) BuildCon fi g (4) Common (5) Convention Plugins (6) Feature
133. (1) Version Catalog . (ex. Kotlin, Dagger Hilt) Version Catalog , . 2023 Gradle Version Catalog 저 ᆨ 용하기
134. // build.gradle dependencies { implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.9.0' } // gradle/libs.versions.toml [versions] androidx-core-ktx = "1.9.0" [libraries] androidx-core-ktx = { module = "androidx.core:core-ktx", version.ref = "androidx-core-ktx" } // build.gradle dependencies { implementation libs.androidx.core.ktx }
135. (2) Data , . data: API, DB, SharedPreferences, DataStore Repository, DataSource, DTO, Entity model: (ex. DTO, Enity annotation) Java, Kotlin :data :model :app
136. // :data module interface ExampleRepository { suspend fun getExampleList(): List<Example> } internal class ExampleRepositoryImpl(...) : ExampleRepository { ... } internal interface ExampleRemoteDataSource { ... } internal class ExampleRemoteDataSourceImpl(...) : ExampleRemoteDataSource { ... } internal class ExampleResponse(val something: String) internal interface ExampleLocalDataSource { ... } internal class ExampleLocalDataSourceImpl(...) : ExampleLocalDataSource { ... } internal class ExampleEntity(val something: String) // :model module class Example(val something: String) Repository৬ Model ௿ېझ ৻ীח, internel ఃਕ٘ܳ ੉ਊೞৈ ੽Ӕਸ ઁೠೠ׮.
137. (2) Data Legacy DB, SharedPreferences . interface app , data . :app :data AppPreferences LegacyRemoteDataSource LegacyPreferences ExampleViewModel ExampleRepository ExampleApi ExamplePreferences ExamplePreferencesImpl ExampleRepositoryImpl internal LegacyLocalDataSource ExampleDatabase
138. // :data module interface LegacyPreferences { var something: String } interface ExamplePreferences : LegacyPreferences { ... } internal class ExamplePreferencesImpl( context: Context, private val legacyPrefs: LegacyPreferences, ) : ExamplePreferences, LegacyPreferences by legacyPrefs { ... } // :app module object AppPreferences : LegacyPreferences { override var something: String = ... } inte rf aceܳ ੉ਊೞৈ, app ݽٕ੄ Singletonਸ data ݽٕী ઁҕೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
139. // :app module @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesLegacyPreferences() : LegacyPreferences { return AppPreferences } } Hiltܳ ੉ਊೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿਸ ࢜۽਍ inte rf ace۽ ઁҕೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
140. // How to use - val something = AppPreferences.something + @Inject + lateinit var prefs: ExamplePreferences + + val something = prefs.something ੉ઁ ࢎਊೞ؍ ࠗ࠙ਸ ೞաঀ ੹ജೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
141. (3) BuildConfig BuildCon fi g.DEBUG BuildCon fi g.VERSION_NAME BuildCon fi g.API_BASE_URL (custom)
142. // :app module android { defaultConfig { buildConfigField "String", "VERSION_NAME", “String.valueOf(\"1.0.0\")" } flavorDimensions "default" productFlavors { dev { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://dev...\")" } stage { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://stage...\")" } real { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://real...\")" } } } ࠁా fl avorী ٮۄ ч੉ ׳ۄ૑ח ࢎਊ੗ ੿੄ ೙٘ܳ ୶оೞৈ ࢎਊೠ׮. Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/build/gradle-tips#share-custom- fi elds-and-resource-values-with-your-app-code
143. (3) BuildConfig BuildCon fi g.DEBUG BuildCon fi g.VERSION_NAME BuildCon fi g.API_BASE_URL (custom) data BuildConfig : (1) app .
144. // :app module import soup.movie.BuildConfig // :data module import soup.movie.data.BuildConfig ... ࠛ೙ਃೞѱ BuildCon fi g ௿ېझ ࣻо טযդ׮.
145. (3) BuildConfig BuildCon fi g.DEBUG BuildCon fi g.VERSION_NAME BuildCon fi g.API_BASE_URL (custom) data BuildConfig : (1) app . (2) BuildConfig .
146. // :app module dependencies { implementation project(':buildconfig') } // :data module dependencies { implementation project(':buildconfig') } ೧஖ਛա…?
147. // :buildconfig module android { namespace 'soup.movie.buildconfig' defaultConfig { buildConfigField "String", "VERSION_NAME", “String.valueOf(\"1.0.0\")" } buildFeatures { buildConfig true } flavorDimensions "default" productFlavors { dev { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://dev...\")" } stage { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://stage...\")" } real { buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"https://real...\")" } } } ੄ઓࢿਸ ыח ݽٚ ݽٕী fl avorо ੹౵غח ޙઁ੼.
148. // :data module android { buildFeatures { buildConfig false } flavorDimensions "default" productFlavors { dev {} dev2 {} stage {} real {} } } ೧Ѿೡ ࣻ ੓ח ߑߨ੉ ੓ਸө…? // :app module android { buildFeatures { buildConfig false } flavorDimensions "default" productFlavors { dev {} dev2 {} stage {} real {} } }
149. // :buildconfig-stub module android { namespace 'soup.movie.buildconfig' defaultConfig { buildConfigField "String", "VERSION_NAME", "String.valueOf(\"0\")" buildConfigField "String", "API_BASE_URL", "String.valueOf(\"\")" } buildFeatures { buildConfig true } // productFlavors X } (1) fl avorо হח, stub ݽٕਸ ୶оೠ׮.
150. // :app module dependencies { implementation project(':buildconfig') } // :data module dependencies { compileOnly project(':buildconfig-stub') } (2) fl avorо ੓ח app ݽٕ ৻ীח stubਸ compileOnly۽ ࢶ঱ೠ׮.
151. (3) BuildConfig compileOnly , . , buildconfig-stub , buildconfig . , flavor . :data :app :buildcon fi g :buildcon fi g-stub compileOnly implementation = :others … Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/build/dependencies#dependency_con fi gurations
152. :app :data :buildcon fi g :buildcon fi g-stub :model compileOnly ੉ߣীח app ݽٕীࢲ feature ݽٕਸ աׇࠁ੗.
153. Feature Common (?) feature . : color, dimen, drawable, string, style, … Base : Activity, Fragment, Dialog, … Widget, , , . . data ? :app :feature-common :data :feature:search :model api ?
154. (4) Common , . kotlin: Kotlin, Coroutines logger: Log designsystem: resources: … :common :data :feature:search :kotlin :logger :resources :designsystem api … Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/modularization/pa tt erns#common-modules
155. (4) Common resources ID R . non-transitive R , R . ( ) , R import . com.myapp.library2.R welcome_text = Hi, Songdo com.myapp.library1.R welcome_text = Hi, Songdo goodbye_text = Bye :library2 module welcome_text = Hi, Songdo :library1 module goodbye_text = Bye com.myapp.library.R welcome_text = Hi, Songdo com.myapp.library1.R goodbye_text = Bye non-transitive R classes Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build#use-non-transitive-r-classes
156. // gradle.properties android.nonTransitiveRClass=true // :library2 module import com.myapp.library2.R val bar = R.string.welcome_text // :library1 module import com.myapp.library1.R - val foo = R.string.welcome_text + val foo = com.myapp.library2.R.string.welcome_text val bar = R.string.goodbye drawable, string, color ١ ܻࣗझܳ ೞա੄ ݽٕী فݶ…? Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/5-ways-to-prepare-your-app-build-for-android-studio- fl amingo-release-da34616bb946
157. // gradle.properties android.nonTransitiveRClass=true // :library2 module - import com.myapp.library2.R + import com.myapp.resources.R val bar = R.string.welcome_text // :library1 module - import com.myapp.library1.R + import com.myapp.resources.R val foo = R.string.welcome_text val bar = R.string.goodbye impo r ܳ ҙܻೞӝ ಞೞ׮. Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/5-ways-to-prepare-your-app-build-for-android-studio- fl amingo-release-da34616bb946
158. (4) Common resources , override . override . com.myapp.library2.R welcome_text = Hi, Incheon com.myapp.library1.R welcome_text = Hi, Incheon :library2 module welcome_text = Hi, Songdo :library1 module welcome_text = Hi, Incheon Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/studio/projects/android-library#Considerations
159. // :library2 module android { resourcePrefix 'myapp_lib2_' } <string name="welcome_text">Hi, Songdo</string> // :library1 module android { resourcePrefix 'myapp_lib1_' } <string name="welcome_text">Hi, Incheon</string> // :app module val foo = R.string.myapp_lib2_welcome_text // Hi, Songdo val bar = R.string.myapp_lib1_welcome_text // Hi, Incheon (1) resourcePre fi xܳ ੉ਊೞח ߑߨ. ೞ૑݅ ৻ࠗ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻীࢲ Ҁ஘׮ݶ…? Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/reference/tools/gradle-api/8.2/com/android/build/api/dsl/CommonExtension#resourcePre fi x()
160. // 3rd party library <string name="app_name">3rd Party Library</string> // :common:resources module <string name="app_name">MyApp</string> // :app module android { sourceSets { main.res.srcDirs += '../common/resources/src/main/res' } } val foo = R.string.app_name // MyApp (2) জ ݽٕ੄ sourceSetsী ܻࣗझ ݽٕ੄ ಫ؊ܳ ୶оೞח ߑߨ. Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/build/build-variants#con fi gure-sourcesets
161. (5) Convention Plugins . , + . 2023 Gradle Kotlin Link: h tt ps://docs.gradle.org/current/samples/sample_convention_plugins.html
162. plugins { id 'com.android.library' id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android' } android { compileSdk 34 defaultConfig { minSdk 21 targetSdk 34 } compileOptions { sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11 } kotlinOptions { jvmTarget = '11' } } plugins { id 'example.android.library' } ߈ࠂغח ௏٘ܳ ઴ੌ ࣻ ੓׮.
163. plugins { id 'com.google.dagger.hilt.android' id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.kapt' } dependencies { implementation libs.hilt.android kapt libs.hilt.compiler } plugins { id 'example.android.hilt' } ݽٕ݃׮ pluginਸ ٜ݅ӝࠁ׮ח, ੤ഝਊೡ ࣻ ੓ח ױਤ۽ ա־ח Ѫ੉ જ׮.
164. // :feature:search module plugins { id 'example.android.library' id 'example.android.hilt' } dependencies { implementation project(':common:kotlin') implementation project(':common:logger') implementation project(':common:designsystem') implementation project(':common:resources') implementation project(':data') implementation project(':model') } // :feature:search module plugins { id 'example.android.feature' } ੸੺൤ ա־ݶ ݻ ઴݅ਵ۽ ୡӝചೡ ࣻ ੓Ҋ, ޘযࢲ ࢎਊೡ ࣻب ੓׮.
165. (6) Feature , . home: detail: search: settings: navigator: … Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/modularization/pa tt erns#feature-modules :feature :app :home :search :se tt ings :data :navigator :detail
166. (6) Feature navigator Feature , . :feature :app :home :detail .DetailActivity .HomeActivity
167. // :feature:detail module <manifest> <application> <activity android:name=".DetailActivity"/> </application> </manifest> // :feature:home module startActivity(Intent(context, DetailActivity::class.java) э਷ ݽٕীࢲח Activityܳ ૒੽ ଵઑೡ ࣻ ੓૑݅, ׮ܲ ݽٕ੉ۄݶ…?
168. // :feature:detail module <manifest> <application> <activity android:name=".DetailActivity" android:exported="true"> <intent-filter> ... <data android:scheme="..." android:host="detail" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest> // :feature:home module startActivity(Intent(ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("...://detail")) ٩݂௼ب оמೞ׮. ೞ૑݅ ৻ࠗীب Activityо ֢୹ػ׮.
169. // :feature:detail module <manifest> <application> <activity android:name=".DetailActivity" android:exported="true"> <intent-filter> ... <data android:scheme="..." android:host="detail" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest> // :feature:home module startActivity(Intent(ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("...://detail?id=...")) ӒܻҊ ID э਷ чਸ ੹׳೧ঠ ೠ׮ݶ…?
170. (6) Feature navigator Feature , . :app :feature :home :detail .DetailActivity .HomeActivity :navigator Navigator NavigatorImpl
171. // :feature:navigator module sealed interface Destination class Detail(val id: String) : Destination interface Navigator { fun createIntent(destination: Destination): Intent } // :feature:detail module class NavigatorImpl(private val context: Context) : Navigator { override fun createIntent(destination: Destination) { return when (destination) { is Detail -> Intent(context, DetailActivity::class.java) .putExtra(DetailActivity.EXTRA_ID, destination.id) ... } } } Activityী ੽Ӕೡ ࣻ ੓ח Ҕী ҳഅ୓ܳ ݅ٚ׮.
172. // :feature:detail module <manifest> <application> <activity android:name=".DetailActivity" android:exported="false"/> </application> </manifest> // :feature:home module startActivity(navigator.createIntent(Detail(id = ...))) ৻ࠗী Activityܳ ֢୹ೞ૑ ঋҊ, ݽٕ р ചݶਸ ੉زೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
173. (6) Feature navigator Activity , Fragment . :app :feature :home :detail .DetailFragment .HomeFragment :navigator FragmentFactory FragmentFactoryImpl
174. // :feature:navigator module sealed interface FragmentDestination class Detail(val id: String) : FragmentDestination interface FragmentFactory { fun createFragment(destination: FragmentDestination): Fragment } // :app module class FragmentFactoryImpl : FragmentFactory { override fun createFragment(destination: FragmentDestination): Fragment { return when (destination) { is Detail -> DetailFragment.newInstance(id = destination.id) ... } } } Fragmentী ੽Ӕೡ ࣻ ੓ח Ҕী ҳഅ୓ܳ ݅ٚ׮.
175. // :feature:detail module class DetailFragment : Fragment() { ... companion object { fun newInstance(id: String): DetailFragment { ... } } } // :feature:home module fragmentManager.commit { val fragment = navigator.createFragment(Detail(id = ...)) add(R.id.fragment_view_container, fragment) } ݽٕ рী Fragmentܳ ҕਬೞৈ ࢎਊೡ ࣻ ੓׮.
176. :common :app :feature:navigator :data :common :designsystem :feature:search :logger :buildcon fi g :buildcon fi g-stub :resources :model compileOnly …
177. 🤔
178. ? :app :feature:se tt ings :feature:search :feature:navigator :data Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/modularization
179. internal . ( ) Link: h tt ps://kotlinlang.org/docs/visibility-modi fi ers.html#modules :feature:search :data interface SearchRepository internal class SearchRepositoryImpl( ... ) : SearchRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) internal interface DataModule { @Provids fun provideSearchRepository(...) : SearchRepository { ... } } @HiltViewModel class SearchViewModel @Inject constructor( private val repository: SearchRepository, ) : ViewModel() { ... }
180. Domain Layer , Data . UseCase . ( ) Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/architecture/domain-layer#data-access-restriction UI Layer Domain Layer Data Layer
181. // :ui module class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository // X private val usecase: ExampleUseCase, ) { ... } // :domain module class ExampleUseCase( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } // :data module interface ExampleRepository { ... } internal class ExampleRepositoryImpl(...) : ExampleRepository { ... } :ui :domain :data
182. Data Domain ? (DIP) app . ( ) impl , internal . Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/architecture/domain-layer#data-access-restriction UI Layer Domain Layer Data Layer App
183. // :ui module class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val usecase: ExampleUseCase, private val repository: ExampleRepository // O ) { ... } // :domain module class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } interface ExampleRepository { ... } // :data module internal class ExampleRepositoryImpl(...) : ExampleRepository { ... } Domain ݽٕী Dataо ೣԋ ੓ח Ѫ੉ ݏਸө…? :ui :domain :data
184. -api, -impl , internal . runtimeOnly , -impl . Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/build/dependencies#dependency_con fi gurations :feature:search :data-api :data-impl runtimeOnly
185. // :feature:search module dependencies { implementation project(':data-api') runtimeOnly project(':data-impl') } // :data-impl module dependencies { implementation project(':data-api') } // :data-api module dependencies { ... } :feature:search :data-impl :data-api runtimeOnly
186. , . Link: h tt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_dependency :feature :se tt ings :feature-core ࣽജ ଵઑ
187. // :feature-common module abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity { @Inject lateinit var getCurrentLanguage: GetCurrentLanguageUseCase } // :feature:settings module interface GetCurrentLanguageUseCase { operator fun invoke(): Language } class LanguageSettingActivity : BaseActivity() { ... } :feature ৘ܳ ٜয, Feature ݽٕী UI৬ Domain ۨ੉যо ҕઓೞח ҃਋. :feature-common :se tt ings
188. Domain . Feature UI ? :feature :se tt ings :feature-common :domain
189. ? diff . (Conflict !) :feature :se tt ings :feature-common :domain
190. -api, -impl , . :feature-common :feature :se tt ings-api :app :se tt ings-impl runtimeOnly Link: h tt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_dependency
191. // :feature-common module abstract class BaseActivity : AppCompatActivity { @Inject lateinit var getCurrentLanguage: GetCurrentLanguageUseCase } // :feature:settings-api module interface GetCurrentLanguageUseCase { operator fun invoke(): Language } // :feature:settings-impl module class GetCurrentLanguageUseCaseImpl : GetCurrentLanguageUseCase { ... } class LanguageSettingActivity : BaseActivity() { ... } :feature-common :feature :se tt ings-api :se tt ings-impl impl ݽٕ਷ api ݽٕਸ ଵઑೞҊ, ৉ਵ۽ח ೡ ࣻ হ׮.
192. ? , . . :app :feature-common :data
193. , . . :app :feature:search :feature-common :feature:navigator :data
194. . . Link: h tt ps://github.com/android/nowinandroid/issues/707 :app :feature:search :feature-common :feature:navigator :data
195. -api, -impl -impl app , -impl . :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:navigator-impl :data :feature:search-api :feature:navigator-api runtimeOnly runtimeOnly
196. data ? . :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:navigator-impl :data :feature:search-api :feature:navigator-api runtimeOnly runtimeOnly
197. data -api, -impl . . Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/modularization/pa tt erns#how_to_implement :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:navigator-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:navigator-api runtimeOnly runtimeOnly
198. abstraction implementation module Link: h tt ps://developer.android.com/topic/modularization/pa tt erns#how_to_implement
199. (7) Feature . -api: UseCase interface UI (Widget, ViewHolder ) -impl: UseCase class UI (Activity, Fragment, ViewModel ) :feature :app :search-impl :se tt ings-impl :se tt ings-api UseCase :search-api
200. (7) Feature navigator runtimeOnly , Activity . :app :feature :home-impl :detail-impl .DetailActivity .HomeActivity :navigator Navigator NavigatorImpl
201. (7) Feature navigator Activity -impl -NavigatorImpl . :feature :navigator-impl :home-impl :detail-impl DetailNavigatorImpl HomeNavigatorImpl :navigator-api Navigator NavigatorImpl HomeNavigator DetailNavigator
202. // :feature:navigator module sealed interface Destination class Detail(val id: String) : Destination // :app module class NavigatorImpl(private val context: Context) : Navigator { override fun createIntent(destination: Destination) { return when (destination) { is Detail -> Intent(context, DetailActivity::class.java) // X ... } } } জ ݽٕীࢲח -impl ݽٕ੄ Activityী ੽Ӕೡ ࣻ হ׮.
203. // :feature:navigator-api module interface DetailNavigator { fun createIntent(destination: Detail): Intent } // :feature:detail-impl module class DetailNavigatorImpl(private val context: Context) : DetailNavigator { override fun createIntent(destination: Detail): Intent { return Intent(context, DetailActivity::class.java) // O } } // :feature:navigator-impl module class NavigatorImpl(private val detailNavigator: DetailNavigator) : Navigator { override fun createIntent(destination: Destination) { ... } } Activityо ੓ח -impl ݽٕীࢲ -NavigatorImplਸ ҳഅೞݶ ػ׮.
204. (8) Data . , Conflict . :data :home-impl :detail-impl :search-impl :database-impl :network-impl model … :home-api :detail-api :search-api :network-api :database-api
205. :data :feature :navigator-impl :navigator-api :common :app :common :designsystem :logger :buildcon fi g :buildcon fi g-stub :resources compileOnly … :search-impl :search-api :detail-impl :detail-api :search-api :search-impl :detail-api :detail-impl …
206. :data :feature :navigator-impl :navigator-api :common :app :common :designsystem :logger :buildcon fi g :buildcon fi g-stub :resources compileOnly … :search-impl :search-api :detail-impl :detail-api :search-api :search-impl :detail-api :detail-impl … :search-sample :detail-sample :designsystem-sample
207. Dagger Hilt 6 ⚠ : = Gradle Module / @Module = Dagger Module
208. App Modularization (app, feature, data, common) :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:reviews :feature:player :app:auto :core:network :data:reviews
209. App Modularization: @Module Hilt @Module , . :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:reviews :feature:player :app:auto :core:network :data:reviews @Module @Module @Module
210. App Modularization: @Module @HiltAndroidApp Hilt Module . :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FeatureHomeModule { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DataBooksModule { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object CoreNetworkModule { ... } @HiltAndroidApp class MyApp : Application()
211. Without Classpath Aggregation @Module . hilt_metadata :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network implementation implementation api @Metadata @Metadata @InstallIn @InstallIn @InstallIn @Generated("dagger.hilt") interface MyApp_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = [ FeatureHomeModule::class, DataBooksModule::class, ... ]) interface SingletonC } CoreNetworkModule::class, Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/mad-skills-series-hilt-under-the-hood-9d89ee227059
212. With Classpath Aggregation Classpath Aggregation , . (Gradle Plugin ) hilt_metadata :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network implementation implementation api @Metadata @Metadata @Metadata @InstallIn @InstallIn @InstallIn @Generated("dagger.hilt") interface MyApp_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = [ FeatureHomeModule::class, DataBooksModule::class, ... ]) interface SingletonC } CoreNetworkModule::class, Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/mad-skills-series-hilt-under-the-hood-9d89ee227059
213. App Architecture . UI Layer Domain Layer Data Layer
214. App Architecture . :ui :domain :data implementation implementation
215. App Architecture Hilt , . :data class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } :ui :domain class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( ) { ... }
216. App Architecture: interface, class , :domain :data class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( ) { ... }
217. App Architecture: interface, class interface class , . :domain :data interface ExampleRepository class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor( ) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl ) : ExampleRepository } class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... }
218. App Architecture: internal , internal . :domain :data interface ExampleRepository internal class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor( ) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) internal interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl ) : ExampleRepository } class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... }
219. internal @Module , HiltWrapper internal @Module @OriginatingElement(topLevelClass = DataModule.class) @InstallIn(SingletonComponent.class) @Module(includes = DataModule.class) public final class HiltWrapper_DataModule {} @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) internal interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository(impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl) : ExampleRepository }
220. internal @Module ؀न Componentী ୶о೧ળ׮. public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component( modules = { ApplicationContextModule.class, ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, HiltWrapper_DataModule.class, } ) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent { } }
221. App Architecture: internal internal . ( ) = . ( ) =
222. App Architecture: interface class . :domain-qux :domain-bar-api :domain-baz :domain-bar-impl interface Bar class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar interface Qux class QuxImpl(bar: Bar) : Qux interface Baz class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz
223. App Architecture: @Module . :domain-qux :domain-bar-api :domain-baz :domain-bar-impl interface Bar class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar -> interface Qux class QuxImpl(bar: Bar) : Qux @Module interface Baz class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz
224. App Architecture: (DIP) . :domain-qux-impl :domain-baz-impl :domain-bar-impl :domain-foo-impl class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar class FooImpl() : Foo class QuxImpl(baz: Baz) : Qux :domain-qux-api :domain-baz-api :domain-bar-api :domain-foo-api interface Baz interface Bar interface Foo interface Qux
225. App Modularization: Final! . :app:android :feature:home-api :data:books-api :data:books-impl :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:home-impl Before After implementation implementation
226. App Modularization: Final! (+ runtimeOnly) , . :app:android :feature:home-api :data:books-api :data:books-impl runtimeOnly :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:home-impl runtimeOnly Before After
227. App Modularization: Final! (+ runtimeOnly) // app/build.gradle dependencies { implementation(projects(":feature:home-api")) - implementation(projects(":feature:home-impl")) + runtimeOnly(projects(":feature:home-impl")) ... } // feature/home-impl/build.gradle dependencies { implementation(projects(":feature:home-api")) }
228. Git Merge Conflict . . , Application . :app :feature :home HomeData MyApplication :search SearchData
229. // :app module class MyApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { ... <<<<<<< HEAD HomeData.preload() ======= SearchData.preload() >>>>>>> ... } } ࢲ۽ ׮ܲ PRীࢲ ୡӝച ೣࣻܳ ୶оೞݶ, Con fl ict੉ ߊࢤೠ׮.
230. Dagger Hilt app feature , feature app . :app :feature :home-impl HomeInitializer :sta rt up-api Initializer Set<Initializer> :search-impl SearchInitializer
231. // :feature:search-impl module @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface SearchModule { @IntoSet @Binds fun bindsInitializer(impl: SearchInitializer): Initializer } class SearchInitializer @Inject constructor() : Initializer { override operator fun invoke() { SearchData.preload(...) } } // :app module @HiltAndroidApp class MyApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var initializerSet: Set<@JvmSuppressWildcards Initializer> } // :feature:startup-api module interface Initializer { operator fun invoke() }
232. Data, Common, Feature . , . Version Catalog, Convention Plugins compileOnly + stub , fl avor . (ex. BuildCon fi g) -api, -impl , . , , runtimeOnly , app . . . , Con fl ict
233. Dagger Hilt 7 ⚠ : KCP = Kotlin Compiler Plugin
234. Dagger Hilt , . 🤔
235. Code generation Hilt Dagger . Dagger .
236. Dagger Hilt Hilt . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }
237. Dagger Hilt Bar ExampleApplication DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC FooModule ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց
238. Dagger Hilt (1) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }
239. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Generated by Hilt public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = { ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, ... }) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements SingletonComponent { } ... } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Generated by Dagger public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց private static final class SingletonCImpl extends ExampleApplication_HiltComponents.SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication exampleApplication) {} } ... } @HiltAndroidApp - ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ցܳ ࢤࢿೠ׮.
240. Dagger Hilt (2) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }
241. ࢶ঱ೠ Componentী Module੉ ୶оػ׮. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component( modules = { ApplicationContextModule.class, ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, FooModule.class, } ) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent { } }
242. @Provides݃׮ ੄ઓࢿਸ ઁҕೞח Factory ௿ېझо ࢤࢿػ׮. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class FooModule_ProvideBarFactory implements Factory<Bar> { public static Bar provideBar() { return Preconditions.checkNotNullFromProvides(FooModule.INSTANCE.provideBar()); } }
243. Dagger Hilt (3) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } Hilt_ExampleApplication.java ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector.java ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.java
244. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } = @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Hilt_ExampleApplication() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } ߄੉౟௏٘ܳ ߸ജೞৈ, ࠗݽ ௿ېझܳ ߸҃ೠ׮. (Gradle Plugin)
245. Hilt_ExampleApplication.java public abstract class Hilt_ExampleApplication extends Application { private boolean injected = false; @CallSuper @Override public void onCreate() { if (!injected) { injected = true; ((ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector) componentManager.generatedComponent()) .injectExampleApplication(this); } super.onCreate(); } private final ApplicationComponentManager componentManager = new ApplicationComponentManager( () -> DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC.builder() .applicationContextModule(new ApplicationContextModule(Hilt_ExampleApplication.this)) .build()); } Injector۽ SingletonCী ੽Ӕೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ਃ୒ೠ׮.
246. ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector.java @GeneratedEntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent.class) public interface ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector { void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication exampleApplication); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = { ... }) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent, ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector { } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { private static final class SingletonCImpl extends SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication instance) { } }
247. ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.java @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_MembersInjector implements MembersInjector<ExampleApplication> { public static void injectBar(ExampleApplication instance, Bar bar) { instance.bar = bar; } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { private static final class SingletonCImpl extends SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication instance) { ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.injectBar( instance, FooModule_ProvideBarFactory.provideBar()); } } ࢤࢿػ Injector ௿ېझܳ ా೧, উ٘۽੉٘ ௿ېझী ੄ઓࢿ੉ ઱ੑػ׮.
248. Dagger Hilt DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC SingletonCImpl FooModule_ProvideBarFactory ExampleApplication_MemeberInjector ExampleApplication Hilt_ExampleApplication Bar ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector ApplicationComponentManager
249. Dagger Hilt Dagger Hilt . ( ) Link: h tt ps://youtu.be/iE_2llWUI6A
250. Dagger Hilt . (KAPT/KSP) Gradle Plugin @AndroidEntryPoint Hilt Base . , Compiler . Hilt Dagger , Compiler . Factory Injector I/O . , . .
251. Dagger Hilt , -impl . :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:detail-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:detail-api runtimeOnly runtimeOnly
252. Dagger Hilt , @Module . :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:detail-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:detail-api runtimeOnly runtimeOnly @Module @Module @Module
253. Dagger Hilt , . hilt_metadata :f:search-impl :f:detail-impl :data:impl @Metadata @Metadata @Metadata @InstallIn @InstallIn @InstallIn @Generated("dagger.hilt") interface MyApp_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = [ FeatureSearchModule::class, FeatureDetailModule::class, ... ]) interface SingletonC } DataModule::class,
254. 8 Component , . Dagger Hilt
255. Android ߂ Java ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ࣗझ௏٘ ࢤࢿ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger ӝ߈ Android ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ؀ࠗ࠙੄ Dagger ࢚ਊҳ ઁѢ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger Hilt Dagger੄ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ؊ औѱ ݅٘ח Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ ೒۞Ӓੋ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/square/anvil Anvil Kotlin ҃۝ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ۠ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ҳࢿ. Service Locator ಁఢ. https://github.com/InsertKoinIO/koin Kotlin ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ. KSP, Kotlin Multiplatform ૑ਗ. https://github.com/evant/kotlin-inject Koin kotlin-inject …
256. Anvil Dagger Kotlin Anvil 2020 , Dagger KAPT . KAPT Kotlin Java Stub javac Annotation Processor , . Anvil Kotlin Compiler Plugin . Dagger Factory Kotlin , KAPT Java Stub . Dagger @Component / (IR) . @ContributesTo, @ContributesBinding , . (Aggregation) KAPT ,
257. @Scope @Documented @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Singleton {} @Singleton @DefineComponent public interface SingletonComponent {} → (Hilt) ޷ܻ ੿੄ػ Scope // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- abstract class AppScope private constructor() → (Anvil) Scope ࣻز ࢤࢿ Anvil਷ ೙ਃೠ Scope݅ ૒੽ ੿੄ೠ׮.
258. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @Module @ContributesTo(AppScope::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } Providesܳ ਤೠ Module ੿੄ח ࠺तೞ׮.
259. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface FooModule { @Binds fun bindsFoo(impl: FooImpl): Foo } class FooImpl @Inject constructor() : Foo { ... } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) class FooImpl @Inject constructor() : Foo { ... } Anvil਷ Bindingਸ ਤೠ Module ౵ੌ ੗୓о ࠛ೙ਃೞ׮.
260. @AndroidEntryPoint class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } → Hilt_HomeActivity.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_GeneratedInjector.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_MembersInjector.java ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { appComponent.inject(this) super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) } } → HomeActivity_MembersInjector.java ࢤࢿ Anvil਷ Hilt ؀࠺ ࢤࢿغח ౵ੌ ࣻо ௼ѱ ઴যٚ׮.
261. @AndroidEntryPoint class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } → Hilt_HomeActivity.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_GeneratedInjector.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_MembersInjector.java ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { appComponent.inject(this) super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) } } → HomeActivity_MembersInjector.java ࢤࢿ Anvil਷ Hilt୊ۢ Base ௿ېझܳ ߄Բח ߄੉౟௏٘ ߸ജ੉ হ׮.
262. SingletonC ȍȇȇ ServiceC └── ActivityRetainedC └── ActivityC ȍȇȇ ViewModelC ȍȇȇ ViewC ȍȇȇ ComposableC └── FragmentC └── ViewWithFragmentC → (Hilt) 8ѐ ஹನք౟ ੗ز ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @MergeComponent(AppScope::class) interface AppComponent → (Anvil) ஹನք౟ ࣻز ࢤࢿ Anvil਷ ೙ਃೠ ஹನք౟ܳ ૒੽ ੿੄ೞৈ, ࢤࢿغח ௏٘о ؀಩ ઴যٚ׮.
263. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { ... } → (Hilt) ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ੗ز ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class ExampleApplication : Application() { val component by lazy { DaggerAppComponent.factory().create(this) } ... } → (Anvil) ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ࣻز ࢤࢿ Anvil਷ Hilt୊ۢ Base ௿ېझܳ ߄Բח ߄੉౟௏٘ ߸ജ੉ হ׮.
264. Dagger Hilt Dagger Hilt KAPT/KSP . Gradle Plugin . :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:detail-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:detail-api Hilt @Module (KAPT/KSP) Hilt @Module (KAPT/KSP) (KAPT/KSP) Hilt @Module Hilt (KAPT/KSP)
265. Anvil Anvil KCP Dagger Module Factory, Hint . Hint @MergeComponent Dagger @Component . Dagger . (KAPT) :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:detail-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:detail-api Anvil @Module (KCP) Anvil @Module (KCP) (KCP) Anvil @Module Anvil @MergeComponent (KCP) + Dagger (KAPT)
266. Anvil Anvil . class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var foo: Foo } @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) class FooImpl @Inject constructor() : Foo { ... }
267. Anvil Foo ExampleApplication DaggerAppComponent ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց
268. Anvil (1) . // :core:di module abstract class AppScope private constructor() // :feature:foo-impl module @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) class FooImpl @Inject constructor() : Foo { ... } // :app module @Singleton @MergeComponent(AppScope::class) interface AppComponent { ... }
269. // Hint ݫఋؘ੉ఠ public val io_github_fornewid_feature_foo_impl_FooImpl_reference: KClass<FooImpl> = FooImpl::class public val io_github_fornewid_feature_foo_impl_FooImpl_scope0: KClass<AppScope> = AppScope::class // Factory ௿ېझ public object FooImpl_Factory : Factory<FooImpl> { override fun `get`(): FooImpl = newInstance() @JvmStatic public fun create(): FooImpl_Factory = this @JvmStatic public fun newInstance(): FooImpl = FooImpl() } Hint ౵ੌҗ Factoryܳ ࢤࢿೠ׮.
270. // о࢚ ߄ੋ٬ ݽٕ ࢤࢿ @Module @ContributesTo(AppScope::class) public abstract class AppComponentAnvilModule { @Binds public abstract fun bindFoo(fooImpl: FooImpl): Foo } // ߄੉౟௏٘ܳ ߸ઑೞৈ, @MergeComponentо ࣽࣻ Dagger @Component۽ ஖ജ @Singleton() @MergeComponent(scope = AppScope.class) @Component(modules = {AppComponentAnvilModule.class}) @kotlin.Metadata(...) public abstract interface AppComponent { ... } IRਸ ૒੽ ઑ੘ೞৈ ࠙࢑ػ ௏٘ܳ ೞա۽ ೤஘׮.
271. Anvil (2) . // :app module @Singleton @MergeComponent(AppScope::class) interface AppComponent { fun inject(application: ExampleApplication) @Component.Factory interface Factory { fun create(@BindsInstance application: Application): AppComponent } }
272. @Singleton() @MergeComponent(scope = AppScope.class) @Component(modules = {AppComponentAnvilModule.class}) @kotlin.Metadata(...) public abstract interface AppComponent { public abstract void inject(@NotNull() ExampleApplication application); @dagger.Component.Factory() @kotlin.Metadata(...) public static abstract interface Factory { @NotNull() public abstract AppComponent create( @BindsInstance() @NotNull() Application application ); } } Anvil੉ Hintܳ ӝ߈ਵ۽ Dagger @Componentܳ ҳࢿೠ׮.
273. @DaggerGenerated @Generated(...) public final class DaggerAppComponent { public static AppComponent.Factory factory() { return new Factory(); } private static final class Factory implements AppComponent.Factory { @Override public AppComponent create(Application application) { Preconditions.checkNotNull(application); return new AppComponentImpl(application); } } private static final class AppComponentImpl implements AppComponent { private final AppComponentImpl appComponentImpl = this; private AppComponentImpl(Application applicationParam) {} @Override public void inject(ExampleApplication application) {} } } Daggerо ୭ઙ ஶప੉ցܳ ࢤࢿೠ׮.
274. Anvil (3) . // :app module class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var foo: Foo val appComponent by lazy { DaggerAppComponent.factory().create(this) } override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() appComponent.inject(this) } }
275. // Generated by Anvil. public class ExampleApplication_MembersInjector( private val foo: Provider<Foo>, ) : MembersInjector<ExampleApplication> { override fun injectMembers(instance: ExampleApplication) { ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.injectFoo(instance, foo.get()) } public companion object { @JvmStatic public fun create(foo: Provider<Foo>): MembersInjector<ExampleApplication> = ExampleApplication_MembersInjector(foo) @JvmStatic @InjectedFieldSignature("io.github.fornewid.dagger.hilt.example.ExampleApplication.foo") public fun injectFoo(instance: ExampleApplication, foo: Foo) { instance.foo = foo } } } Anvil੉ Injectorܳ ࢤࢿೠ׮.
276. @DaggerGenerated @Generated(...) public final class DaggerAppComponent { ... private static final class AppComponentImpl implements AppComponent { private final AppComponentImpl appComponentImpl = this; private AppComponentImpl(Application applicationParam) {} @Override public void inject(ExampleApplication application) { injectExampleApplication(application); } private ExampleApplication injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication instance) { ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.injectFoo(instance, new FooImpl()); return instance; } } } Daggerо ୭ઙ ஶప੉ցী Injectorо ನೣػ׮.
277. Anvil DaggerAppComponent AppComponentImpl ExampleApplication_MemebersInjector ExampleApplication Foo
278. Anvil vs Hilt Anvil KCP , KAPT . @ContributesTo , @MergeComponent Dagger @Component . Dagger . (KAPT) Dagger Hilt KAPT, KSP . @AndroidEntryPoint, @InstallIn , Dagger @Component . Dagger . (KAPT, KSP)
279. Anvil K2 Kotlin Compiler Plugin API . K1 K2 . KAPT Factory, Hint IR , KAPT/KSP . app KAPT . (Dagger) Hint I/O , anvil.hint Hint . app Hint .
280. Android ߂ Java ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ࣗझ௏٘ ࢤࢿ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger ӝ߈ Android ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ؀ࠗ࠙੄ Dagger ࢚ਊҳ ઁѢ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger Hilt Dagger੄ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ؊ औѱ ݅٘ח Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ ೒۞Ӓੋ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/square/anvil Anvil Kotlin ҃۝ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ۠ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ҳࢿ. Service Locator ಁఢ. https://github.com/InsertKoinIO/koin Kotlin ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ. KSP, Kotlin Multiplatform ૑ਗ. https://github.com/evant/kotlin-inject Koin kotlin-inject Metro Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ ೒۞Ӓੋਸ ӝ߈ਵ۽ ೞח Kotlin ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. KMP ૑ਗ. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ. https://github.com/ZacSweers/metro
281. DI , Metro 8
282. Metro Dagger, Anvil, kotlin-inject Kotlin DI (KAPT/KSP) , Kotlin (FIR/IR ) . Kotlin , . Anvil (Aggregation) , . Dagger Anvil . KAPT/KSP ,
283. @Scope @Documented @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Singleton {} @Singleton @DefineComponent public interface SingletonComponent {} → (Hilt) ޷ܻ ੿੄ػ Scope // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- abstract class AppScope private constructor() → (Metro) Scope ࣻز ࢤࢿ Metroب ೙ਃೠ Scopeਸ ૒੽ ੿੄ೠ׮.
284. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ContributesTo(AppScope::class) interface BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } → (Metro) @Module য֢ప੉࣌ ઁѢ Providesܳ ਤೠ ੿੄ח ࠺तೞ׮.
285. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface FooModule { @Binds fun bindsFoo(impl: FooImpl): Foo } class FooImpl @Inject constructor() : Foo { ... } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) @Inject class FooImpl : Foo { ... } Metroب Bindingਸ ਤೠ Module ౵ੌ ੗୓о ࠛ೙ਃೞ׮.
286. SingletonC ȍȇȇ ServiceC └── ActivityRetainedC └── ActivityC ȍȇȇ ViewModelC ȍȇȇ ViewC ȍȇȇ ComposableC └── FragmentC └── ViewWithFragmentC → (Hilt) 8ѐ ஹನք౟ ੗ز ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @DependencyGraph(AppScope::class) interface AppGraph { ... } → (Metro) ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ࣻز ੿੄ Metroח ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ܳ ૒੽ ੿੄೧ঠ ೠ׮.
287. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { ... } → (Hilt) ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ੗ز ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class ExampleApplication : Application(), AppGraphProvider { override val appGraph: AppGraph by lazy { createGraphFactory<AppGraph.Factory>().create(this) } } → (Metro) ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ࣻز ࢤࢿ ӒܻҊ Applicationীࢲ ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ܳ ૒੽ ࢤࢿ೧ঠ ೠ׮.
288. @AndroidEntryPoint class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } → Hilt_HomeActivity.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_GeneratedInjector.java ࢤࢿ → HomeActivity_MembersInjector.java ࢤࢿ // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- class HomeActivity : ComponentActivity() { private val appGraph by lazy { appGraph<AppGraph>() } override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val bar: Bar = appGraph.bar } } inline fun <reified T> Context.appGraph(): T { return (applicationContext as ExampleApplication).appGraph as T } Metroח ೙٘ ઱ੑ੉ হҊ, ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ী ૒੽ ੽Ӕ೧ঠ ೠ׮.
289. Metro Metro KCP FIR/IR , . Hilt Anvil . :data-impl :app :feature:search-impl :feature-common :feature:detail-impl :data-api :feature:search-api :feature:detail-api Metro .class (KCP) Metro .class (KCP) (KCP) Metro .class Metro .class (KCP)
290. Metro Build Pipeline Metro . kotlinc binary files (.class) compileKotlin source files (.kt) Metro
291. Metro Build Pipeline Metro Kotlin FIR, IR . binary files (.class) source files (.kt) Parse/PSI FIR Frontend Lowering IR Backend fir2ir Declaration ࢤࢿ Supertype ୶о Status ߸ജ Checker Factory ࢤࢿ Graph ҳഅ createGraph ஖ജ
292. Metro Metro . class ExampleApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() val foo: Foo = appGraph.foo } } @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) @Inject class FooImpl : Foo { ... }
293. Metro Foo ExampleApplication AppGraph$Impl.class ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց
294. Metro abstract class AppScope private constructor() @ContributesBinding(AppScope::class) @Inject class FooImpl : Foo { ... } @DependencyGraph(AppScope::class) interface AppGraph { val foo: Foo } class ExampleApplication : Application() { override val appGraph: AppGraph by lazy { createGraph<AppGraph>() } }
295. FIR: Declaration // Contribution interfaces ࢤࢿ // FooImpl$MetroContributionToAppScope.class public interface FooImpl$MetroContributionToAppScope { Foo bindsAsFoo(FooImpl contributed); // FooImpl → Foo ߄ੋ٬ ੿ࠁ } // Hint ࢤࢿ // metro/hints/IoGithubFornewidFeatureFooImplFooImplAppScopeKt.class public final class metro.hints.IoGithubFornewidFeatureFooImplFooImplAppScopeKt { public static final void AppScope(FooImpl contributed) { throw new IllegalStateException("Never called"); } // ࠄޙ਷ ੄޷ হ਺. ೣࣻ दӒפ୊৬ Kotlin Metadata݅ ࢎਊؽ. // app ݽٕ ஹ౵ੌ द, ஹ౵ੌ۞о ੉޷ ݫݽܻী ۽٘ೠ ੉ ੿ࠁܳ // FirSessionীࢲ ௪ܻೞৈ "FooImpl੉ AppScopeী ӝৈೠ׮"ܳ ౵ঈೣ. }
296. FIR: Supertype // খীࢲ ࢤࢿೠ ੋఠಕ੉झܳ AppGraphী ઱ੑ // AppGraph.class public interface AppGraph extends FooImpl$MetroContributionToAppScope { Foo getFoo(); }
297. FIR: Status // Declaration੄ visibility ١ Statusܳ ઑ੿ೠ׮. // ৘ܳ ٜয, @Provides privateਵ۽ ࢶ঱غয ੓যب, AppGraph$Implীࢲ ੽Ӕೡ ࣻ ੓ب۾ оदࢿਸ ઑ੿ೠ׮. @ContributesTo(AppScope::class) interface BarModule { @Provides private fun providesBar(): Bar = BarImpl() // private → internal۽ ઑ੿ } // Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ীࢲ ݽٚ ࢶ঱(௿ېझ, ೣࣻ, ೐۽ಌ౭)਷ Statusܳ ыҊ ੓׮: FirDeclarationStatus { visibility: Visibility — PUBLIC, PRIVATE, INTERNAL, PROTECTED modality: Modality — FINAL, OPEN, ABSTRACT, SEALED isExpect: Boolean — expect ࢶ঱ੋ૑ isActual: Boolean — actual ࢶ঱ੋ૑ isOverride: Boolean — overrideੋ૑ isInline: Boolean — inline funੋ૑ isSuspend: Boolean — suspend funੋ૑ isConst: Boolean — const valੋ૑ isLateInit: Boolean — lateinit varੋ૑ ...
298. FIR: Checker // য֢ప੉࣌ ਬബࢿਸ Ѩࢎೠ׮. ઱ਃ Checker: DependencyGraphChecker — @DependencyGraphо interfaceੋ૑, ࢤࢿ੗ ౵ۄ޷ఠ হח૑ InjectConstructorChecker — @Inject ௿ېझо abstractо ইצ૑, ઺ࠂ @Inject হח૑ BindingContainerCallableChecker — @Provides ೣࣻ੄ ߈ജ ఋੑ੉ ਬബೠ૑ CreateGraphChecker — createGraph()੄ ఋੑ ੋ੗ী @DependencyGraphо ੓ח૑ AggregationChecker — @ContributesBinding ௿ېझо ৢ߄ܲ ഋకੋ૑ AssistedInjectChecker — @AssistedFactory੄ ౵ۄ޷ఠо ݒடغח૑ MembersInjectChecker — ݯߡ ઱ੑ੉ regular classীࢲ݅ ࢎਊغח૑ MultibindsChecker — @IntoMap, @IntoSet ١੉ ৢ߄ܰѱ ࢎਊغח૑ ... ৻ 8ѐ → ਤ߈ द IDEী ૊द ࡈр઴ ಴द (࠽٘ प೯ ੹ী ഛੋ оמ) → KSPח ࠽٘ܳ ج۰ঠ য়ܨܳ ঌ ࣻ ੓૑݅, Metroח ௏٘ ੘ࢿ ૊द ೖ٘ߔ
299. IR: Factory // FooImpl$MetroFactory.class ࢤࢿ public final class FooImpl$MetroFactory implements Factory<FooImpl> { public static final FooImpl$MetroFactory INSTANCE; // यӖఢ public final FooImpl newInstance() { return new FooImpl(); // ૒੽ ࢤࢿ੗ ഐ୹ } }
300. IR: // AppGraph$Impl.class ࢤࢿ public final class AppGraph$Impl implements AppGraph { // unscoped → ݒߣ new۽ ૒੽ ࢤࢿ public Foo getFoo() { return new FooImpl(); } }
301. IR: // ѐߊ੗о ੘ࢿೠ ௏٘ val appGraph: AppGraph by lazy { createGraph<AppGraph>() } // Metro ղࠗ ௏٘ public inline fun <reified T : Any> createGraph(): T { throw UnsupportedOperationException("Implemented by the compiler") } // IR ஖ജ റ private static final AppGraph appGraph_delegate$lambda$0() { return new AppGraph$Impl(); // createGraphо ૒੽ ࢤࢿ੗ ഐ୹۽ ஖ജؽ }
302. Metro . class ExampleApplication : Application() { override val appGraph: AppGraph by lazy { createGraph<AppGraph>() } override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() val foo: Foo = appGraph.foo } }
303. Hilt: [kotlinc] [KSP:Hilt] [KSP:Dagger] [javac] [ ] 5 Anvil: [kotlinc + Anvil KCP] [KAPT:Dagger] [javac] 3 Metro: [kotlinc + Metro KCP] 1 Metro AppGraph$Impl.class ExampleApplication Foo
304. Metro Metro . ( ) Link: h tt ps://youtu.be/slvn1g7WY3o
305. Anvil Metro KSP/KAPT , 100% Compiler Plugin . Hint , I/O . .class , . @Module @ContributesBinding , . KSP , Metro FIR Checker . (IDE ) Kotlin Multiplatform .
306. Metro Kotlin Version Coupling JetBrains Kotlin API(FIR, IR) , Kotlin . Metro Kotlin . Kotlin 2.0 (K2 ) . 0.x ( 0.13.2) API . , . Kotlin , . .
307. Migration Metro Dagger, Anvil, kotlin-inject . . , Dagger Hilt Hilt Metro . ( ...) Dagger Hilt Anvil Metro Dagger @Deprecated
308. Dagger Hilt , . Hilt . Hilt Anvil KSP , Anvil Metro KSP . . .
309. !