ຊॻͷಡΈਐΊํ ......................................................................................................... v ຊॻͷલఏࣝ............................................................................................................. v ରόʔδϣϯ .............................................................................................................. v ಈ࡞ڥ ....................................................................................................................... v αϙʔτϖʔδ .............................................................................................................. v ୈ 1 ষ 'MVFOUEͱԿ͔ ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 'MVFOUEɹ౷߹ϩάج൫ͷͨΊͷσʔλऩूπʔϧ 2 1.2 ϩάͱԿ͔ 3 ϩάͷछྨ ............................................................................................................................. 3 γεςϜϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͷঢ়گΛه͢Δ ........................................................... 3 ΞΫηεϩάɹ8FCαʔϏεͷϦΫΤετΛه͢Δ ........................................................... 4 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩάɹίϯϐϡʔλγεςϜͰՔಇ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷڍಈΛه͢Δ .......... 4 ૢ࡞ϩάߦಈϩάɺ *P5ͷϩάɹΑΓৄࡉʹϢʔβʔͷڍಈΛه͢Δ ................................ 5 େنσʔλॲཧͷ࣌ͷ౸དྷ ........................................................................................... 6 σʔλྔͱϢʔεέʔεͷٸܹͳ૿େ ............................................................................ 6 େنσʔλॲཧͷͨΊͷιϑτΣΞͷొ ............................................................... 7 1.3 'MVFOUEͷಛ 8 ॊೈͳσʔλૹɹೖྗݩͱग़ྗઌΛࣗ༝ʹΈ߹ΘͤΔ ......................................................... 8 ͷσʔλೖग़ྗ ...................................................................................................... 9 σʔλసૹΛڬΜͩೖग़ྗ ............................................................................................ 9 ߏԽσʔλɹѻ͏ใͯ͢ʹҙຯΛ࣋ͨͤΔ...................................................................... 10 ๛ͳϓϥάΠϯɹଟ༷ͳೖग़ྗͱ࣮ߦڥΛαϙʔτ͢Δ ...................................................... 11 'MVFOUEొҎલͷ .......................................................................................... 11 'MVFOUEʹΑΔղܾ ...................................................................................................... 11 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷϢʔβʔؒͰͷڞ༗ .......................................................................... 13 ग़ྗͷฒྻԽͱ࠶࣮ߦͷ͠ ͘ΈͷఏڙɹϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮Λ؆୯ʹ͠ ͯ։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ ............ 14 1.4 'MVFOUEͷσʔλॲཧํࣜ 14 όονॲཧͷ ............................................................................................................ 14 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒసૹ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 σʔλ͕·ͱ·͔ͬͯΒॲཧ͢Δ ................................................................................... 15 ετ ϦʔϜॲཧʹΑΔղܾ .................................................................................................... 16 σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹసૹ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 16 vii ࣍ σʔλΛଈ࠲ʹॲཧ͢Δ .............................................................................................. 17 'MVFOUEͰѻ͑Δσʔλ ...................................................................................................... 17 1.5 'MVFOUEͷϢʔεέʔε 18 ϩάݕࡧΛ࣮͘͢ߦ ..................................................................................................... 18 ϩάूܭʹΑΔϞχλϦϯάͱ௨ͷࣗಈԽ ...................................................................... 18 ϦΞϧλΠ Ϝͳঢ়گੳ ....................................................................................................... 19 'MVFOUEΛ༻͖͢Ͱͳ͍έʔε ................................................................................... 20 1.6 'MVFOUEͷίΞػೳ 20 ϧʔςΟ ϯάɹߦ͖ઌΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ............................................................................................. 21 όοϑΝ ϦϯάɹσʔλΛҰ࣌తʹอଘ͠ ͯ·ͱΊΔ ................................................................... 22 Ϧ τ ϥΠɹࣦഊͨ͠ॲཧΛΓͳ͓͢ ......................................................................................... 23 ϓϥάΠϯػߏɹ͞·͟·ͳػೳΛೖΕସ͑Մೳʹ͢Δ.............................................................. 24 1.7 'MVFOUEͷσʔλૹํࣜ 24 BUNPTUPODFɹԿͳ͚Εޭͱ͢Δ ................................................................................ 26 ࠾༻͢Δ͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 26 BUMFBTUPODFɹޭͨ͠ͱฦࣄ͕ͳ͚Εࣦഊͱ͢Δ ............................................................. 26 ࠾༻͢Δ͖Ϣʔεέʔε ........................................................................................... 27 ίϥϜ'MVFOUEͰະ࣮ͷFYBDUMZPODFɹਖ਼֬ʹճ͚ͩసૹ͢Δ .................................... 28 1.8 'MVFOUEͷόʔδϣϯ 31 1.9 ຊॻͷߏ 32 1.10 ·ͱΊ 33 ୈ 2 ষ 'MVFOUEͷΠϯε τʔϧ ....................................................................... 35 2.1 'MVFOUEͷಈ࡞ڥ 36 'MVFOUEʹඞཁͳϗετੑೳ .............................................................................................. 36 2.2 Πϯε τʔϧલͷ४උ 37 ࣌ࠁͷಉظͷઃఆɹ/51Λ༻͍ͯ࣌ࠁΛ߹ΘͤΔ .................................................................. 37 γεςϜϦιʔε੍ݶͷมߋɹଟͷϑΝΠϧΛѻ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ............................................ 37 ϑΝΠϧσΟ εΫϦϓλͷઃఆ ....................................................................................... 37 ωοτϫʔΫؔ࿈ͷઃఆ ............................................................................................... 39 ࣮ߦ༰ͷݕ౼ ................................................................................................................... 39 2.3 Πϯε τʔϧํ๏ͷબ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯετʔϧ ......................................................................................... 41 UEBHFOUɹྺ࢙ͱ࣮ͷ҆ఆ൛ ....................................................................................... 41 viii DBMZQUJBqVFOUEɹ৽ੈͷ҆ఆ൛ ................................................................................ 41 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯετʔϧ ..................................................................................... 42 HFNɹखݩڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ................................................................................... 42 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ ................................................................................ 42 2.4 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͨΠϯε τʔϧ 43 SQNύοέʔδɹ3FE)BU&OUFSQSJTF-JOVYɺ "NB[PO-JOVYͳͲ ............................................. 43 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 43 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 43 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 44 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 44 EFCύοέʔδɹ6CVOUVɺ %FCJBO(/6-JOVYͳͲ ................................................................. 44 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 44 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 45 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 45 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 46 NTJύοέʔδɹ8JOEPXT .................................................................................................... 46 UEBHFOUͷΠϯετʔϧ .............................................................................................. 46 DBMZQUJBqVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ .................................................................................. 47 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 47 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 47 2.5 ύοέʔδΛ༻͍ͳ͍Πϯε τʔϧ 48 HFNɹखݩڥͰͷ'MVFOUEར༻ʹ ......................................................................................... 48 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 48 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 48 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 49 ιʔείʔυɹ'MVFOUEຊମͷ։ൃʹ....................................................................................... 49 'MVFOUEͷΠϯετʔϧ ................................................................................................ 49 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॴ ..................................................................................................... 50 ىಈʗఀࢭํ๏ .......................................................................................................... 50 2.6 ·ͱΊ 50 ୈ 3 ষ 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆ .................................................................... 51 3.1 'MVFOUEͷγεςϜઃఆɹ'MVFOUEͦͷͷͷڍಈΛࢦఆ͢Δ 52 ಈ࡞ํ๏ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ................................................................................................. 53 QSPDFTT@OBNFύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηε໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................... 53 XPSLFSTύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔΛࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................... 53 XJUIPVU@TPVSDFύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͳ͠ Ͱىಈ͢Δ .............................................. 54 FOBCMF@NTHQBDL@UJNF@TVQQPSUύϥϝʔλɹ5JNFΦϒδΣΫτΛॲཧՄೳʹ͢Δ .............. 54 TUSJDU@DPOpH@WBMVFύϥϝʔλɹύϥϝʔλܕͷνΣ οΫΛݫີʹߦ͏ ................................. 55 ix ࣍ SFTUBSU@XPSLFS@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹϫʔΧʔϓϩηε࠶ىಈ࣌ʹͪ࣌ؒΛ࣋ͭ ............... 55 EJTBCMF@TIBSFE@TPDLFUύϥϝʔλɹϓϩηεؒڞ༗ιέο τΛ༻͠ͳ͍ .......................... 55 ϑΝΠϧγεςϜؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ..................................................................................... 56 SPPU@EJSύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ༻σΟ εΫεϖʔεΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 56 pMF@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹϑΝΠϧ࡞࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................. 57 EJS@QFSNJTTJPOύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ࡞࣌ͷσϑΥϧτύʔϛ ογϣϯΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............. 57 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................................. 57 MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................ 57 TVQQSFTT@DPOpH@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ .............................. 58 TVQQSFTT@SFQFBUFE@TUBDLUSBDFύϥϝʔλ ɹ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉҰΤϥʔͷελοΫτϨʔεΛग़ྗ͠ͳ͍ ............................................................ 58 MPH@FWFOU@WFSCPTFύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭॲཧ࣌ʹϩάΛग़ྗ͢Δ ........................................ 59 FNJU@FSSPS@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷFNJUࣦഊϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ ........ 59 JHOPSF@SFQFBUFE@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓ͠ ͯൃੜ͢ΔಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ ...... 59 JHOPSF@TBNF@MPH@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹಉҰϩάͷग़ྗΛ੍͢Δ .................................. 60 ϩάग़ྗؔ࿈ͷৄࡉύϥϝʔλ .......................................................................................... 60 GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷॻࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ........................................................................ 60 UJNF@GPSNBUύϥϝʔλɹϩάͷ࣌ܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................................ 61 SPUBUF@TJ[FύϥϝʔλɹϩάϑΝΠϧͷαΠζ্ݶΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 61 SPUBUF@BHFύϥϝʔλɹอ࣋͢ΔϩάϑΝΠϧͷੈΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................ 62 31$ؔ࿈ͷύϥϝʔλ ........................................................................................................ 62 SQD@FOEQPJOUύϥϝʔλɹ31$ૢ࡞༻ͷΤϯυϙΠϯτΛىಈ͢Δ ....................................... 62 FOBCMF@HFU@EVNQύϥϝʔλɹઃఆμϯϓΛग़ྗ͢Δ31$ΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ༗ޮԽ͢Δ ........... 63 3.2 'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯɹ'MVFOUEΛͲͷΑ͏ʹىಈ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ 63 ༻ՄೳͳίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ .................................................................................. 63 ύοέʔδʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯࢦఆ ............................................... 63 -JOVYͰͷڥมΛ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ................................................................................ 66 8JOEPXTͰͷϨδετ ϦΛ༻͍ͨࢦఆ ......................................................................... 67 3.3 ઃఆมߋͷөɹઃఆΛ'MVFOUEʹਖ਼͠ ͘ಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ 67 શମͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔө ..................................................................................................... 67 Ұ෦ͷ࠶ىಈ·ͨ࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔө ....................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηεͷ࠶ىಈʹΑΔө .......................................................................... 68 ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε͔Βͷઃఆ࠶ಡΈࠐΈʹΑΔө ..................................................... 68 3.4 γάφϧɺ 31$ʹΑΔϓϩηεཧɹಈ࡞தͷ'MVFOUEΛૢ࡞͢Δ 69 3.5 ·ͱΊ 70 ୈ 4 ষ ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷॻࣜͱߏ ................................................................. 71 4.1 ઃఆͷߏཁૉɹϦςϥϧɺ ύϥϝʔλɺ σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ 72 x 4.2 Ϧςϥϧɹ໊લΛදݱ͢Δ 73 Ϧςϥϧͷߏɹ͞·͟·ͳจࣈྻ ......................................................................................... 73 ۭͷϦςϥϧɹจࣈͷจࣈྻ ............................................................................................... 73 γϯάϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹۭനվߦΛؚΉจࣈྻ ................................................... 74 μϒϧΫΦʔτʹΑΔϦςϥϧɹಛघͳॲཧ͕༗ޮͱͳΔ ........................................................ 74 όοΫεϥογϡʹΑΔΤεέʔϓจࣈ ......................................................................... 75 3VCZࣜͷຒΊࠐΈ ..................................................................................................... 75 4.3 ίϝϯ τɹಈ࡞ʹӨڹ͠ͳ͍ऍΛॻ͘ 75 4.4 ύϥϝʔλɹ໊લͱܕͷ͋ΔͷΈ߹ΘͤΛఆٛ͢Δ 76 ύϥϝʔλͷߏɹ໊લͱͷܕΛ࣋ͭ ................................................................................. 76 ໊લɹԿΛઃఆ͢Δ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ ...................................................................................... 76 ͷܕɹύϥϝʔλ͕ड͚औΔͷܕΛࢦఆ͢Δ.................................................................. 76 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ..................................................................................................................... 77 ܕɺ ුಈখܕɹΛදݱ͢Δ ...................................................................... 77 αΠζܕɺ ࣌ؒܕɹ୯Ґ͖ࢦఆ͕ՄೳͳΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................... 77 ਅِܕɹUSVF͔GBMTFͷͲͪΒ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ..................................................................... 78 จࣈྻܕɹจࣈͷू߹Λදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................... 79 ྻڍܕɹطఆͷͷͲΕ͔Λදݱ͢Δ ............................................................................... 79 ྻܕɹෳͷΛදݱ͢Δ ........................................................................................... 79 ϋογϡܕɹෳͷ໊લͱͷϖΞΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................... 80 ਖ਼نදݱܕɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯΛදݱ͢Δ ......................................................................... 80 ϨίʔυͷΩʔΛද͢ύϥϝʔλ .................................................................................. 81 ύϥϝʔλͷσϑΥϧτ .................................................................................................... 83 4.5 σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹߏΛܾఆ͢Δཁૉ 83 σΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷߏɹύϥϝʔλͷू߹ΛλάͰғΉ ............................................................. 83 λάɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷछྨΛఆٛ͢Δ ................................................................................ 83 ҾɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒʹใΛՃ͢Δ ............................................................................... 84 ύϥϝʔλɹσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒ୯ҐͰ༗ޮͳઃఆΛࢦఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 84 ηΫγϣϯɹઃఆΛ༩͑ΒΕͨσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒΛද͢ ........................................................... 85 طఆͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒɹ'MVFOUEຊମʹඞਢͷػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ................................................... 85 TZTUFN σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'MVFOUEશମΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 86 XPSLFS σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹݸผͷϫʔΧʔΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 86 TPVSDF σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ....................................................... 87 NBUDI σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ..................................................... 88 pMUFS σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹ'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ .......................................................... 89 MBCFM σΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϥϕϧͷ͍ͨΠϕϯτΛϧʔςΟ ϯά͢Δ ..................................... 90 ͦͷ΄͔ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒɹϓϥάΠϯʹػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ..................................................... 92 4.6 TPVSDF ɺ NBUDI ɺ pMUFS σΟ ϨΫςΟϒͷ༧ޠύϥϝʔλ 93 !UZQFύϥϝʔλɹ༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯ໊Λࢦఆ͢Δ ................................................................ 93 !JEύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯઃఆʹ*%Λ͚ͯผՄೳʹ͢Δ .................................................... 93 !MPH@MFWFMύϥϝʔλɹϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͰϩάϨϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .............................................. 94 xi ࣍ !MBCFMύϥϝʔλɹΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά੍ޚ༻ϥϕϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ .......................................... 95 4.7 !JODMVEFɹઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ΄͔ͷϑΝΠϧͷهड़ΛऔΓࠐΉ 95 ֤αʔόͷڞ௨ઃఆͷऔΓࠐΈ...................................................................................... 96 ֤ϓϥάΠϯͷڞ௨ύϥϝʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ...................................................................... 97 63-Λ༻͍ͨ)551ܦ༝ͰͷऔΓࠐΈ .............................................................................. 97 4.8 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷશମ૾ 98 4.9 ·ͱΊ 99 ίϥϜ:".-ʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧهड़ ............................................................................... 100 ୈ 5 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷجຊ .......................................................................................... 103 5.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔϓϥάΠϯɹ'MVFOUEͷओཁͳػೳΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ 104 5.2 ϓϥάΠϯͷϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹॳظԽ͔Βىಈɺ ఀࢭɺ ഁغ·Ͱ 104 5.3 ϓϥάΠϯͷछྨ 105 ϓϥάΠϯ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͱ໊લͷΈ߹Θ͔ͤΒͳΔ ..................................................... 107 ϓϥάΠϯͷػೳʹΑΔྨ ............................................................................................. 108 ΦʔφʔϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτॲཧͷத৺ͱͳΔ*OQVUɺ 'JMUFSɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......................108 ΦϯυϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯ͔ΒΘΕΔͦͷ΄͔ͷϓϥάΠϯ .......................................108 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯʹڞ௨ͷػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ ....................................................... 109 5.4 ϓϥάΠϯͷΠϯε τʔϧ 111 3VCZ(FNTʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧɹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔϓϥάΠϯΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ ....................... 111 ίϚϯυϥΠϯࢦఆ·ͨσΟ ϨΫ τ ϦஔʹΑΔΠϯετʔϧ ɹϑΝΠϧ͚ͩͷϓϥάΠϯΛಡΈࠐ·ͤΔ ............................................................................. 112 (FNpMFʹΑΔཧɹ༻͢ΔϓϥάΠϯͱͦͷόʔδϣϯΛ·ͱΊͯࢦఆ͢Δ .......................... 113 5.5 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ͘͠Έ 114 ϓϥάΠϯͷϑΝΠϧ໊ͷϧʔϧɹछྨͷͨΊͷ಄ࣙΛ࣋ͭ ............................................. 114 ϓϥάΠϯ୳ࡧͷ༏ઌॱҐ ................................................................................................ 115 5.6 ·ͱΊ 116 ୈ 6 ষ Πϕϯ τσʔλ .................................................................................................. 117 6.1 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚ΔΠϕϯ τɹλάɺ ࣌ͱϨίʔυ͔ΒͳΔ 118 6.2 Πϕϯ τͷߏ 119 xii λάɹσʔλͷൃੜݩछྨΛදݱ͢Δ .................................................................................. 119 λάυοτ۠Γͷจࣈྻ ........................................................................................119 λάͷઃܭํ ..........................................................................................................119 ࣌ɹσʔλ͕͍ͭൃੜ͔ͨ͠Λࣔ͢ ..................................................................................... 120 φϊඵਫ਼ʹΑΔ࣌ .................................................................................................120 λΠ Ϝκʔϯͷྀͷඞཁੑ ....................................................................................121 Ϩίʔυɹୡ͖͢σʔλͷ༰ͦͷͷ ............................................................................ 121 ΩʔͱͷϖΞͷू߹ʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ......................................................................122 Ϩίʔυͷେ͖͞ͷ੍ ..............................................................................................122 6.3 Πϕϯ τͷྲྀΕ 123 ΠϕϯτͷجຊతͳྲྀΕɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓೖྗ͞Εɺ 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΓग़ྗ͞ΕΔ ... 123 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷੜ .........................................................................124 3PVUFSʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷϧʔςΟ ϯά ...........................................................................124 ϥϕϧΛ༻͍ͨΠϕϯτॲཧ༰ͷఆٛ ......................................................................124 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷॲཧ .........................................................................126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτͷग़ྗ .......................................................................126 ͦͷ΄͔ͷΠϕϯτͷྲྀΕ ................................................................................................. 126 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔྫ֎తͳΠϕϯτੜ ............................................................126 Τϥʔετ ϦʔϜɹਖ਼ৗʹॲཧͰ͖ͳ͍Πϕϯτͷߦ͖ઌ .....................................................127 ϩάετ ϦʔϜɹ'MVFOUEࣗͷϩάΠϕϯτͱ͠ ͯѻ͏ ......................................................128 6.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ 130 σʔλͷೖྗͱऔΓࠐΈʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ .................................................................... 130 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛೖྗ͢Δ ...............................................................................130 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ ..................................................................131 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ΛϨίʔυ͔Βநग़͢Δ ........................................132 σʔλͷॻࣜͱग़ྗʹؔΘΔϓϥάΠϯ ........................................................................... 133 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .............................................................................133 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷॻࣜΛมߋ͢Δ ...............................................................134 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ΛϨίʔυʹೖ͢Δ .............................................135 σʔλͷॲཧΛߦ͏ϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 136 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷআڈՃɺ มߋΛߦ͏ ............................................................136 6.5 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεͱΠϕϯ τॲཧ 137 'MVFOUEͷϓϩηεߏɹεʔύʔόΠβʔͱϫʔΧʔ ........................................................ 137 ϓϩηεཧΛߦ͏εʔύʔόΠβʔϓϩηε ............................................................138 σʔλॲཧΛߦ͏ϫʔΧʔϓϩηε .............................................................................138 ࣮ߦϓϩηε໊ͷมߋ ...................................................................................................... 139 ෳϫʔΧʔɹෳϓϩηεͷར༻ʹΑΓॲཧੑೳΛҾ্͖͛Δ .............................................. 140 ෳϫʔΧʔʹΑΔσʔλॲཧ ....................................................................................140 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷෳϫʔΧʔରԠ..............................................................................141 ෳϫʔΧʔಈ࡞ʹඇରԠͷϓϥάΠϯͷ༻ ...........................................................142 6.6 .FTTBHF1BDLɹ'MVFOUE͕༻͢ΔΠϕϯτσʔλදݱํ๏ 143 xiii ࣍ ޮతͳσʔλදݱͷඞཁੑ ........................................................................................... 143 όοϑΝϦϯάͷͨΊͷߴ͍σʔλಡΈॻ͖ੑೳ .........................................................143 ωοτϫʔΫసૹʹ͏ߴޮͳσʔλม ................................................................143 Ұൠతͳख๏Ͱ͋Δ+40/ͷɹ͍αΠζޮ ....................................................... 144 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔղܾɹόΠφϦʹΑΔޮతͳσʔλදݱ............................................ 145 6.7 ·ͱΊ 146 ୈ 7 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷׂ .............................................................................. 147 7.1 ͞·͟·ͳछྨͷϓϥάΠϯ 148 7.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷೖྗΛ୲͢Δ 148 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 149 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔΠϕϯτੜ .................................................................................. 150 λάͷ༩ .................................................................................................................150 ࣌ͷੜ .................................................................................................................151 Ϩίʔυͷੜ ...........................................................................................................151 !MBCFMύϥϝʔλʹΑΔϧʔςΟ ϯάઌͷܾఆ ............................................................... 151 ΠϕϯτੜΛߦ͏ෳͷFNJUϝιο υͱੑೳಛੑ ......................................................... 152 7.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯɹ*OQVUϓϥάΠϯͱ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷؒͰσʔλΛՃ͢Δ 152 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ...................................................................................... 153 7.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷग़ྗΛ୲͢Δ 154 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝ Ϧϯάͷ༗ແ ......................................................................................................... 155 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦΘͳ͍ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ................................................157 όοϑΝϦϯάΛߦ͏όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ ...........................................................157 εϨο υɹग़ྗॲཧΛೖྗ͔Β͠ɺ ฒྻԽ͢Δ .................................................................... 158 εϨουઃఆͷߟ͑ํ .................................................................................................159 όοϑΝνϟϯΫɹνϟϯΫΩʔ͝ͱʹσʔλΛ·ͱΊΔ ............................................................ 160 νϟϯΫΩʔͷলུɹશσʔλ͕·ͱΊͯॻ͔ΕΔ.............................................................160 ΩϟϯΫΩʔͷλά࣌ͷࢦఆɹಉ͡λά࣌ؒͰ·ͱΊΔ ........................................161 ෳࡶͳνϟϯΫΩʔͷࢦఆ...........................................................................................162 ϓϨʔεϗϧμల։ɹνϟϯΫΩʔͷใΛग़ྗʹ༻͍Δ ................................................... 164 ࣌ͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ......................................................................................164 λάϨίʔυதͷͷͨΊͷϓϨʔεϗϧμ ...........................................................165 ͦͷ΄͔ͷಛघͳϓϨʔεϗϧμͱΈ߹Θͤ ..........................................................166 qVTIύϥϝʔλͱνϟϯΫαΠζɹσʔλग़ྗͷཻͱසΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ................................. 166 qVTI@NPEFύϥϝʔλʹΑΔৄࡉͳग़ྗͷ੍ޚ .........................................................167 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ɹσʔλग़ྗͷසͱฒྻΛ੍ޚ͢Δ ...................................... 168 qVTI@UISFBE@DPVOUύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗͷฒྻΛࢦఆ͢Δ ..............................................168 xiv qVTI@UISFBE@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷִؒΛࢦఆ͢Δ ........................................168 qVTI@UISFBE@CVSTU@JOUFSWBMύϥϝʔλɹ࿈ଓͨ͠σʔλग़ྗΛࢭ͢Δ .........................169 qVTI@UISFBEύϥϝʔλ܈ͷؔ ...............................................................................169 SFUSZύϥϝʔλɹग़ྗॲཧͷϦ τ ϥΠΛ੍ޚ͢Δ .................................................................... 169 FYQPOFOUJBM@CBDLP⒎ɹඪ४ͷϦ τϥΠํ๏ ....................................................................170 QFSJPEJDɹΑΓΘ͔Γ͍͢Ϧ τ ϥΠํ๏ ...........................................................................171 Ϧ τ ϥΠઃఆʹ͓͚Δҙ ........................................................................................172 Ϧ τ ϥΠ͕͍ͭ·Ͱޭ͠ͳ͍߹ͷॲཧ ................................................................172 4FDPOEBSZ0VUQVUɹճ෮ෆೳͳΤϥʔʹରॲ͢Δ .............................................................. 173 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ͕ग़ྗʹࣦഊ͠ଓ͚Δ߹ͷͨΊͷػೳ .........................................173 ग़ྗࣦഊ࣌ͷ࠷ޙͷखஈͱ ͠ ͯ༻ ............................................................................174 .VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹෳͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯग़ྗ͢Δಛघͳ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯ .......... 174 PVU@DPQZͱPVU@SPVOESPCJOϓϥάΠϯʹݟΔ.VMUJ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷయܕྫ .........174 7.5 #VGGFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷόοϑΝ ϦϯάػߏΛ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯʹఏڙ͢Δ 176 #V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 176 ͭͷ#V⒎FSϓϥάΠϯɹอଘॴͱ ͠ ͯϝϞϦ͔ϑΝΠϧ͔Λબ͢Δ ................................... 177 NFNPSZɹϝϞϦۭؒʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ..........................................................................177 pMFɹࢦఆͨ͠ύεͷϑΝΠϧʹσʔλΛอଘ͢Δ .................................................................177 NFNPSZͱpMFͷબج४ ..........................................................................................178 pMFʹಛ༗ͷҙ ....................................................................................................178 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹ'MVFOUEఀࢭ࣌ʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ .................................. 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷ੍ޚ ........................................................................................................ 179 νϟϯΫαΠζͷϨίʔυʹΑΔ੍ޚ ........................................................................180 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 181 όοϑΝ૯༰ྔΛ͍ͬͨ߹ͷॲཧ ......................................................................181 ѹॖΦϓγϣϯʹΑΔόοϑΝ༻༰ྔͷݮ .............................................................182 7.6 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛղੳ͢Δ 182 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .................................................................................... 183 1BSTFSʹΑΔ࣌ղੳ ...................................................................................................... 184 1BSTFSʹΑΔܕม ......................................................................................................... 185 1BSTFS͕ۭͩͱஅ͢Δͷࢦఆ ................................................................................... 186 7.7 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹΠϕϯτΛςΩετσʔλʹܗ͢Δ 187 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ .............................................................................. 189 'PSNBUUFSʹΑΔ࣌ม ............................................................................................... 189 7.8 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷอଘػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ 190 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ.................................................................................. 190 7.9 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯɹ࿈ܞઌαʔϏεΛཧ͢Δ 192 4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯ͕࣮ߦ͢Δॲཧ ............................................................... 193 7.10 ·ͱΊ 194 xv ࣍ ୈ 8 ষ ࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ .......................................................................................... 195 8.1 ͞·͟·ͳࠐΈϓϥάΠϯ 196 8.2 JO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͱ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹςΩετ ϑΝΠϧ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ 197 ϩάͷಡΈࠐΈઃఆ .......................................................................................................... 198 ߦ୯ҐͷϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ .........................................................................................198 ෳߦ͔ΒͳΔϩάͷಡΈࠐΈ ..................................................................................199 ͗͢Δߦͷແࢹ .......................................................................................................203 ͞·͟·ͳϑΝΠϧύεࢦఆɹಡΈࠐΈରΛॊೈʹࢦఆ͢Δ ............................................... 203 ϫΠϧυΧʔυʹΑΔෳϑΝΠϧͷฒߦಡΈࠐΈ .......................................................204 ࣌ύλʔϯʹΑΔͳͲΛؚΉϑΝΠϧ໊ϩάͷܧଓతͳಡΈࠐΈ .......................204 ෳϑΝΠϧΛରʹͨ͠ϑΝΠϧͷઌ಄͔ΒͷಡΈࠐΈ ............................................204 ಡΈࠐΈͷఀࢭͱ࠶։ ...................................................................................................... 205 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ࣌ͷJO@UBJMϓϥάΠϯͷڍಈ ............................................................. 206 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷͱͷϑΝΠϧͷࢹ ..............................................................208 ϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯޙͷ৽نϑΝΠϧ࡞ͷݕग़ .........................................................208 ϫΠϧυΧʔυ༻࣌ͷϩάϩʔςʔγϣϯ .................................................................208 ΞΫηεݖݶͷτ ϥϒϧɹϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈݖݶͱɺ ࠶։Ґஔʹඞཁͳॻ͖ࠐΈݖݶ ............... 209 8.3 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯͱ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛςΩετ ϑΝΠϧʹॻ͖ग़͢ 210 ॻ͖ग़͠୯Ґ͓Αͼσʔλܗࣜͷࢦఆ ............................................................................. 210 λά࣌ΛؚΜͩϑΝΠϧ໊Ͱͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................212 ϑΝΠϧ୯ҐͰͷॻ͖ग़͓͠Αͼه ............................................................................... 212 ѹॖϑΝΠϧͰͷॻ͖ग़͠ ................................................................................................. 213 PVU@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔग़ྗϑΝΠϧͷ֎෦͔Βͷࢹ ............................................... 214 8.4 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯɹωο τϫʔΫܦ༝ͰσʔλΛૹड৴͢Δ 214 ϗετؒͰͷσʔλͷΓ ͱ Γ ........................................................................................... 215 BUMFBTUPODFʹΑΔ࣮֬ͳૹ৴ ...................................................................................... 216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷ௨৴ύλʔϯ .................................................................................216 BUMFBTUPODFͰͷσʔλૹ৴ͷσϝϦ οτ ..................................................................218 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷཧํ๏ .................................................................................................. 219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷཧ .........................................................................219 σʔλૹ৴ઌͷ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͰͷཧ ...............................................221 TE@pMFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷ༻ྫ ..................................221 ௨৴ͷ҉߸Խɹ5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ͰσʔλΛૹΔ ............................................................. 223 ҉߸ԽͷͨΊͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷ४උ ..........................................................................224 ࣄલڞ༗ͨ͠ূ໌ॻΛ$"ͱ ͠ ͯͷαʔόূ໌ॻͷੜ ...............................................226 ૹड৴ͷ૬खͷ૬ޓೝূ ................................................................................................. 230 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔૹड৴૬ޓͷೝূ ...............................................................................230 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔૹ৴ऀͷೝূ ...............................................................233 xvi ΩʔϓΞϥΠϒͷར༻ɹཱ֬ͨ͠ଓΛ࠶ར༻͠ ͯଓෛՙΛݮ͢Δ ................................... 235 )FBSUCFBUͷ6%1ར༻ɹ௨৴ෛՙΛݮ͢Δ .................................................................... 236 ड৴ͨ͠σʔλͷ੍ޚ ....................................................................................................... 237 ϥϕϧʹΑΔड৴σʔλॲཧํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................237 ड৴σʔλͷλάͷมߋ .............................................................................................237 ड৴σʔλͷૹ৴ݩใͷՃ ..............................................................................238 ҆શʹѻ͑ͳ͍ड৴σʔλͷແࢹ ...............................................................................239 8.5 PVU@DPQZϓϥάΠϯɹෳͷϓϥάΠϯͱͷΈ߹ΘͤͰσʔλΛผʑʹॲཧ͢Δ 239 ΄͔ͷ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͱͷΈ߹Θͤྫ .................................................................... 240 PVU@TUEPVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλͷதΛ֬ೝ͢Δ .............................................................241 PVU@SFMBCFMϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλΛผͷύΠϓϥΠϯذ͢Δ ............................................242 DPQZ@NPEFύϥϝʔλɹଞϓϥάΠϯͷӨڹΛഉআ͢Δ ....................................................... 243 ୯७ͳίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυͷมߋͷճආ ...............................................................244 ਂ͍ίϐʔʹΑΔϨίʔυͷͷมߋͷճආ ............................................................244 ग़ྗΤϥʔͷѻ͍ͷมߋɹϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔॲཧࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ ............................................ 245 JHOPSF@FSSPSΦϓγϣϯɹಛఆϓϥάΠϯͰͷࣦഊΛແࢹ͢Δ .............................................245 JHOPSF@JG@QSFW@TVDDFTTΦϓγϣϯɹલϓϥάΠϯ͕ࣦഊͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ྗΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ .............246 8.6 pMUFS@HSFQϓϥάΠϯɹਖ਼نදݱΛ༻͍ͯσʔλΛબผ͢Δ 247 ݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷબผ ................................................................................................. 247 ݅ʹ߹͏Πϕϯτͷআڈ ................................................................................................. 249 બผͱআڈɺ BOEͱPSΛΈ߹Θͤͨෳࡶͳ݅ͷهड़ ................................................ 250 ਂ͍֊ߏΛ࣋ͬͨϨίʔυͷॲཧ .............................................................................. 251 8.7 pMUFS@QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯɹϨίʔυͷσʔλΛ͞ Βʹղੳ͢Δ 251 σʔλͷऔΓग़͠ɹϨίʔυͷʹؚ·ΕΔใΛϨίʔυͱ͢Δ ............................................. 252 Πϕϯτͷߋ৽ɹϨίʔυͷʹؚ·ΕΔใΛϨίʔυʹՃ͑Δ ............................................. 253 pMUFS@SFDPSE@USBOTGPSNFSϓϥάΠϯ ɹಠࣗͷϧʔϧ3VCZίʔυΛ༻͍ͯ͞ΒʹෳࡶͳॲཧΛ࣮ݱ͢Δ ............................................ 255 8.8 JO@FYFDPVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹ֎෦ίϚϯυͷ࣮ߦʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 255 JO@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦ݁ՌΛऔΓࠐΉ ................................................................. 256 ىಈޙʹܧଓతʹσʔλΛग़ྗ͢ΔίϚϯυͷར༻ ....................................................256 ఆظతͳίϚϯυ࣮ߦ͔ΒͷσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................257 PVU@FYFDϓϥάΠϯɹίϚϯυ࣮ߦʹΑΓσʔλΛग़ྗ͢Δ ................................................... 258 σʔλग़ྗͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ੍ޚ .....................................................................................258 8.9 JO@IUUQPVU@IUUQϓϥάΠϯɹ)551௨৴ʹΑΔσʔλͷೖग़ྗ 259 )551ϦΫΤετʹΑΔ֎෦͔Βͷσʔλड৴ ................................................................. 260 ϦΫΤετϔομΫΤϦύϥϝʔλͷͷϨίʔυͷՃ .......................................261 ΫϩεΦϦδϯϦΫΤετͷड৴ ..................................................................................262 ҙͷܗࣜΛ༻͍ͨ)551Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................262 )551ϦΫΤετ ͱ ͠ ͯͷ֎෦ͷσʔλૹ৴ .................................................................. 263 ͭͷ+40/ΦϒδΣΫτͱ ͠ ͯͷϦΫΤετϘσΟ .........................................................264 xvii ࣍ $POUFOU5ZQFҙͷϦΫΤετϔομͷࢦఆ ..........................................................264 )551ϦΫΤετͷࣦഊͷίϯτϩʔϧ ........................................................................265 8.10 ·ͱΊ 266 ୈ 9 ষ ຊ൪ڥʹ͓͚Δߏͱӡ༻ ....................................................... 267 9.1 ຊ൪ڥʹ͓͚Δ͠͞ 268 9.2 σʔλͷऩूͱूʹ͓͚Δઓུ 269 نͷ֦େͱݖݶ͓Αͼೝূใཧͷཱ྆ ................................................................ 269 ΤʔδΣϯτɹσʔλൃੜݩ͔ΒσʔλΛಡΈࠐΉ .................................................................. 270 ूϊʔυɹΤʔδΣϯτ͔ΒσʔλΛूΊͯॻ͖ࠐΉ .............................................................. 271 ूϊʔυʹΑΔੑೳͱӡ༻ੑͷ্ .........................................................................273 ूϊʔυͷԽ ....................................................................................................273 ίϯςφ͔Βͷϩάऩू .................................................................................................... 273 ϑΝΠϧΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ........................................................................................274 %PDLFSͷ-PHHJOH%SJWFSΛܦ༝ͨ͠ϩάऩू ............................................................275 'MVFOUEΛίϯςφͰಈ͔͠ ͯͷϩάऩू....................................................................276 9.3 ΤʔδΣϯ τʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 277 $16ϝϞϦͳͲͷϦιʔεফඅͷ੍.......................................................................... 278 ΤʔδΣϯτͷσΟ εΫεϖʔεͷ্ݶઃఆ.................................................................. 278 ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷόοϑΝͷ࠷େ༻αΠζ .................................................................279 ωο τϫʔΫͷաෛՙͷࢭ ......................................................................................... 279 'MVFOUEͷఀࢭॱং੍ޚɹϩάग़ྗݩΑΓ͋ͱʹ'MVFOUEΛఀࢭ͢Δ .................................. 280 9.4 ूϊʔ υʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 280 αʔόੑೳΛ׆͔ͤΔΑ͏ͳύϥϝʔλઃఆ .................................................................... 280 ूϊʔυͷσΟ εΫεϖʔεͷઃܭͱ੍ޚ ..................................................................... 281 ඞཁͳϩʔΧϧσΟ εΫͷ૯༰ྔΛݟੵΔ ................................................................281 σΟ εΫ༻ྔΛߟ͑ͨύϥϝʔλઃఆ .......................................................................281 ৗʹ༨༟Λ࣋ͨͤͨωο τϫʔΫଳҬ .............................................................................. 282 ߴεϧʔϓοτͳσʔλग़ྗͷͨΊͷઃఆͱઃܭ .........................................................282 ෳͷूϊʔυͷࢄσʔλసૹ ............................................................................. 283 PVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔࢄσʔλసૹ .............................................................283 ෳͷूϊʔυͷσʔλసૹʹ͓͚Δϩʔυόϥϯαͷར༻ .................................284 ϩʔυόϥϯαʹΑΔ҉߸ԽͷΈ߹Θͤ ..................................................................284 9.5 ίϯςφʹ͓͚Δ'MVFOUEઃఆͷҙ 285 ϑΝΠϧͷॴ༗ݖͱύʔϛ ογϣϯͷ֬ೝ ......................................................................... 286 ίϯςφͷऴྃॱংͷࢦఆ ............................................................................................... 286 ίϯςφ֎Λར༻ͨ͠ϑΝΠϧόοϑΝ .............................................................................. 286 xviii 9.6 όοϑΝཧͷͨΊͷઃఆͱΦϓγϣϯ 287 qVTI@BU@TIVUEPXOύϥϝʔλɹఀࢭ࣌ʹϩʔΧϧετϨʔδʹϑΝΠϧΛ͞ͳ͍ .............. 287 XJUIPVUTPVSDFίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ ɹͬͨόοϑΝΛग़ྗ͢ΔͨΊʹ'MVFOUEΛىಈ͢Δ ................................................................ 288 αʔόγϟ οτμϯॲཧͱ ͠ ͯͷόοϑΝग़ྗ༻ͷىಈ ..............................................288 9.7 ࣮ӡ༻ͷͨΊͷ'MVFOUEϩάઃఆ 290 ϩάϨϕϧมߋʹΑΔ'MVFOUEϩάͷ੍ޚ ...................................................................... 290 'MVFOUEશମͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ ...............................................................................291 ϓϥάΠϯ୯ҐͷϩάϨϕϧͷมߋ .............................................................................291 ಉ༰ͷΤϥʔϩάͷग़ྗྔͷ੍ޚ ................................................................................ 292 ࿈ଓͨ͠ಉ͡ελοΫτϨʔεͷඇදࣔԽ ....................................................................292 Ұఆ࣌ؒͷಉ༰ϩάͷඇදࣔԽ ..........................................................................293 9.8 'MVFOUEͷࢹ 293 JO@NPOJUPS@BHFOUϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔࢹ ........................................................................ 293 ֎෦͔ΒͷࢹϦΫΤετͷԠ .............................................................................294 ֎෦ͷಈ࡞ঢ়گͷใࠂ ...........................................................................................296 9.9 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͱϓϥάΠϯͷཧख๏ 297 !JODMVEFʹΑΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ༻్͝ͱͷׂͱڞ༗ ................................................... 297 ઃఆϑΝΠϧͷಡΈࠐΈॱংͷ໌ࣔ ............................................................................298 (FNpMFʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯͷҰׅཧ .............................................................................. 298 %PDLFSʹΑΔ'MVFOUEͱϓϥάΠϯɺ ઃఆͷҰׅཧ ..................................................... 299 9.10 ·ͱΊ 299 ୈ 10 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷجຊ ............................................................................ 301 10.1 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷඞཁੑ 302 10.2 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃνϡʔ τ ϦΞϧɹ؆୯ͳϓϥάΠϯΛॻ͍ͯΈΔ 303 ࠷খݶͷϓϥάΠϯ࡞ ................................................................................................... 303 ϓϥάΠϯϑΝΠϧͷ࡞ ............................................................................................303 ϓϥάΠϯΛ༻͢ΔઃఆϑΝΠϧͷ࡞ ....................................................................304 ࡞ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷಡΈࠐΈͱىಈ..........................................................................304 ҰఆִؒͰͷϨίʔυੜͷ࣮ .................................................................................... 305 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔΛ༻͍ͨҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱͷॲཧ࣮ߦ .................................................306 มߋͨ͠ॲཧ༰ͷ֬ೝ ............................................................................................306 ύϥϝʔλʹΑΔઃఆͷར༻ ............................................................................................. 307 จࣈྻͷͨΊͷύϥϝʔλՃ ...................................................................................307 Ճͨ͠ύϥϝʔλͷઃఆϑΝΠϧʹ͓͚Δࢦఆ ..........................................................309 νϡʔτ ϦΞϧͷ;Γ͔͑Γ ................................................................................................ 310 xix ࣍ 10.3 ϓϥάΠϯ։ൃͷྲྀΕ 310 ϓϥάΠϯͷHFNύοέʔδԽͷߟྀ ............................................................................. 310 HFNύοέʔδͷॳظ࡞ .............................................................................................. 311 qVFOUQMVHJOHFOFSBUFίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ ...................................................311 CVOEMFHFNίϚϯυʹΑΔϑΝΠϧੜ .....................................................................312 HFNTQFDͷHFNใͷهड़ ....................................................................................... 314 ϓϥάΠϯใͷฤू .................................................................................................314 ґଘϥΠϒϥϦͷࢦఆ .................................................................................................315 ϓϥάΠϯίʔυͷهड़ ..................................................................................................... 317 ςετͷهड़ ...................................................................................................................... 317 ςετʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯʹظ͢Δಈ࡞ͷ໌ࣔ .............................................................317 ςετͷܧଓతͳ࣮ߦʹΑΔڍಈͷ֬ೝ .....................................................................318 ڭࡐͱ ͠ ͯͷଞϓϥάΠϯͷςετίʔυ......................................................................318 όʔδϣϯཧɹόʔδϣϯ൪߸Λ͚ͯߋ৽͢Δ ................................................................. 318 ϓϥάΠϯϦϦʔε࣌ͷॳظόʔδϣϯ ........................................................................319 ϓϥάΠϯΛόʔδϣϯʹ͢Δ࣌ظ .........................................................................320 Ϧ ϦʔεɹϓϥάΠϯΛඞཁͳॴͰಈ͔ͤΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ........................................................... 320 ඇެ։HFNͱ͢Δ߹ͷϦϦʔε ................................................................................320 3VCZ(FNTΛ௨͠ ͯެ։͢Δ߹ͷϦϦʔε ...............................................................320 ϦϦʔεϢʔβʔʹର͢Δίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ............................................................321 10.4 ϓϥάΠϯڞ௨ͷॲཧ 321 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆύϥϝʔλ .............................................................................................. 321 ϓϥάΠϯϥΠϑαΠΫϧɹϓϥάΠϯىಈ࣌ఀࢭ࣌ʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................. 322 ඞཁͳϥΠϑαΠΫϧͷબͱ࣮..............................................................................322 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................323 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ'MVFOUE͕༻ҙ͢Δڞ௨ͷػೳΛݺͼग़͢ ............................................ 324 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༻એݴ ...................................................................................324 ϥΠϑαΠΫϧϝιουʹ͓͚ΔTVQFSݺͼग़͠ ............................................................325 ϓϥάΠϯ*%ͷ֬ೝͱར༻ɹಈ࡞தͷϓϥάΠϯݻ༗ͷใΛ͏ ........................................ 326 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫ τ ϦɹϓϥάΠϯͷͨΊͷϑΝΠϧஔ͖Λ͏ .................................. 327 ϓϥάΠϯϧʔτσΟ ϨΫτ Ϧ༻࣌ͷҙ ...............................................................327 4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔϓϥάΠϯσʔλอଘͷݕ౼.................................................327 ෳϫʔΧʔରԠɹෳͷ'MVFOUEϓϩηεͰϓϥάΠϯΛಈ࡞ͤ͞Δ ..................................... 328 ෳϫʔΧʔʹରԠͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞ ...................................................................328 ઃఆʹΑΔෳϫʔΧʔରԠͷՄ൱ ............................................................................329 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔɹϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞ঢ়گΛه͢Δ .............................................................. 330 ϓϥάΠϯϩΨʔͷ༻ํ๏ .......................................................................................330 ΩʔϫʔυҾΛ༻͍ͨՃใͷ༩ .....................................................................331 ϒϩοΫΛ༻͍ͨՃใͷ༩ ...............................................................................331 FSSPSΩʔϫʔυʹΑΔྫ֎ͷϩΪϯά.........................................................................332 ϩάग़ྗͷॏཁੑ ......................................................................................................332 10.5 ·ͱΊ 333 xx ୈ 11 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆ .......................................................................................... 335 11.1 ϓϥάΠϯͷઃఆํ๏ɹύϥϝʔλͱηΫγϣϯΛ༻͢Δ 336 11.2 ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱར༻ 337 ύϥϝʔλɹઃఆΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ................................................................................... 337 DPOpH@QBSBNϝιο υɹύϥϝʔλΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................... 338 ύϥϝʔλͷ໊લͱܕͷࢦఆ .......................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯͷࢦఆ ....................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷͷར༻ .................................................................................................339 ύϥϝʔλͷܕ ................................................................................................................... 340 JOUFHFSɺ qPBUɹͱුಈখ ...............................................................................340 TJ[Fɺ UJNFɹ୯ҐΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ ..................................................................................341 CPPMɹਅِ͔ͷ .........................................................................................................341 TUSJOHɹҙͷจࣈྻ ...................................................................................................342 FOVNɹγϯϘϧͷબࢶ ..............................................................................................342 BSSBZɹͷྻ ..........................................................................................................342 IBTIɹΩʔͱͷϖΞ ...................................................................................................342 SFHFYQɹจࣈྻͷύλʔϯ ............................................................................................343 ܕഁΓͳύϥϝʔλɹܕͷΈͰఆٛͰ͖ͳ͍ઃఆΛ͏.................................................... 344 ܕΛ໌ࣔ͠ͳ͍ύϥϝʔλͷఆٛͱ༻ ......................................................................344 ࠔͬͨͱ͖ͷจࣈྻύϥϝʔλ ....................................................................................345 ύϥϝʔλͷΦϓγϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 345 EFGBVMUΦϓγϣϯɹແࢦఆͷ߹ͷσϑΥϧτΛࢦఆ͢Δ ...............................................346 TFDSFUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆΛϩάʹදࣔ͠ͳ͍Α͏ൿີʹ͢Δ ..............................................346 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυͰઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ͏ ........................346 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷύϥϝʔλͷผ໊Λ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ..............................347 EFQSFDBUFEΦϓγϣϯɹ͏༻͠ͳ͍Ͱ΄͍͠ύϥϝʔλΛࣔ͢ .......................................347 PCTPMFUFEΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλΛ༻ېࢭͩͱએݴ͢Δ .................................................348 EFTDΦϓγϣϯɹύϥϝʔλͷઆ໌Λهड़͢Δ ..................................................................349 DPOpH@TFU@EFGBVMUϝιο υɹσϑΥϧτΛ্ॻ͖͢Δ ..................................................... 350 σϑΥϧτͷ্ॻ͖ͷར༻έʔε .............................................................................350 11.3 ηΫγϣϯͷఆٛͱར༻ 351 ηΫγϣϯɹσΟ ϨΫςΟϒΛΦϒδΣΫτԽ͢Δ ....................................................................... 352 DPOpH@TFDUJPOϝιο υɹηΫγϣϯΛఆٛ͢Δ .................................................................. 352 ηΫγϣϯͷ໊લͱύϥϝʔλͷࢦఆ ...........................................................................353 ηΫγϣϯͷҾͷࢦఆ..............................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτͷར༻ ......................................................................................354 ηΫγϣϯͷΦϓγϣϯ ...................................................................................................... 355 SFRVJSFEΦϓγϣϯɹࢦఆඞਢͷηΫγϣϯΛ࡞Δ ............................................................355 NVMUJΦϓγϣϯɹಉ໊ηΫγϣϯΛෳࢦఆՄೳʹ͢Δ .....................................................355 xxi ࣍ JOJUΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰࢦఆ͞Εͳ͘ ͯηΫγϣϯΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞Δ ..........................356 pOBMΦϓγϣϯɹηΫγϣϯఆٛΛ্ॻ͖ෆՄೳʹ͢Δ .......................................................356 QBSBN@OBNFΦϓγϣϯɹϓϥάΠϯίʔυͰઃఆ໊ͱҟͳΔ໊લΛ͏ ........................357 BMJBTΦϓγϣϯɹઃఆϑΝΠϧͰͷσΟ ϨΫςΟ ϒͷผ໊Λ͑ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ .........................358 11.4 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔઃఆͷղੳͱར༻ 358 DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯΛઃఆ͢Δ ........................................................................... 358 ϓϥάΠϯઃఆղੳͷৄࡉ ..........................................................................................358 ઃఆͷՃνΣ οΫͷ࣮ .......................................................................................360 ઃఆΛ༻͍ͨϓϥάΠϯىಈͷ४උ ............................................................................. 360 11.5 ·ͱΊ 362 ୈ 12 ষ ϓϥάΠϯ͝ͱͷ։ൃखॱ ................................................................ 363 12.1 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 364 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 364 σʔλͷऔΓࠐΈ ............................................................................................................... 365 3PVUFSΛܦ༝͢ΔσʔλऔΓࠐΈ ...............................................................................365 SPVUFSFNJUϝιουʹ͢λάͱ࣌ɺ Ϩίʔυ...........................................................366 ಡΈऔͬͨσʔλͷ࣌छผͷѻ͍ ........................................................................366 ෳΠϕϯτͷޮతͳFNJU ............................................................................................ 368 ಉҰλάͷΠϕϯτʹର͢ΔFNJU@BSSBZϝιουͷ༻ ...............................................368 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δύλʔϯ .................................................................................... 369 ఆظతͳॲཧ࣮ߦ ......................................................................................................369 ωοτϫʔΫܦ༝Ͱͷσʔλड৴ .................................................................................370 12.2 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 372 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ..................................................................................................... 372 ࣌ૢ࡞ͷ༗ແʹΑΔ࣮ͷҧ͍...............................................................................373 Πϕϯτ༰ͷมߋɹϨίʔυ࣌Λߋ৽͢Δ.................................................................... 374 Ϩίʔυͷมߋ ...........................................................................................................374 ࣌ͷมߋ .................................................................................................................374 Πϕϯτͷഁغɹಛఆͷ݅ʹ߹ΘͤͯΠϕϯτΛഁغ͢Δ ..................................................... 375 ഁغ͞ΕͨΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜͷग़ྗ ...........................................................376 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯʹظ͠ͳ͍ॲཧ ................................................................................... 376 12.3 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 377 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυ ....................................................................................... 378 όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹόοϑΝʹͨΊͨσʔλΛ·ͱΊͯ֎෦ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ......................378 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹ·ͱΊͨσʔλॻ͖ग़͠ͷ݁ՌΛผ్֬ೝ͢Δ ................380 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯɹσʔλ͕དྷͨΒଈ࠲ʹॻ͖ग़͢ ...........................................381 xxii όοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ..................................................................................... 382 όοϑΝϦϯάͷ୯ҐͱͳΔόοϑΝνϟϯΫ ................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷσʔλ .........................................................................................383 όοϑΝνϟϯΫʹର͠ ͯՄೳͳૢ࡞ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϝλσʔλͷར༻ ............................................................................384 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷϢχʔΫ*%Λ༻͍ͨσʔλॲཧͷ ............................................385 όοϑΝνϟϯΫ୯ҐͰͷग़ྗઌͷมߋ.......................................................................386 όοϑΝνϟϯΫͷσʔλܗࣜมߋ ..............................................................................387 ඇಉظόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ......................................................................... 389 ඇಉظόοϑΝͷόοϑΝνϟϯΫͷѻ͍ಉظόοϑΝͱڞ௨ ....................................391 ग़ྗ࣌ͷॻ͖ग़͠͝ͱͷ*%༩ ..................................................................................391 ॻ͖ग़݁͠Ռ֬ೝޙͷίϛ οτ .....................................................................................392 ඇಉظόοϑΝʹΑΔڧݻͳσʔλอޢͷ࣮ݱ ............................................................392 ඇόοϑΝ0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷ࣮ ................................................................................. 393 ࣗྗͰͷྫ֎ॲཧͷ࣮ࢪ............................................................................................393 ࣦഊΛڐ༰͢ΔέʔεͰͷར༻ ..................................................................................394 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷಈ࡞Ϟʔυܾఆϧʔϧ..................................................................... 395 ਖ਼ৗʹग़ྗͰ͖ͳ͍ΠϕϯτͷΤϥʔετ ϦʔϜͷग़ྗ ................................................ 398 12.4 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ .................................................................................................. 399 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔσʔλ͔ΒͷෳͷΠϕϯτऔΓग़͠ ......................................... 400 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ ......................................................................... 401 12.5 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ։ൃ 401 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷܗࣜ ............................................................................................ 402 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯ͕ڞ௨Ͱఏڙ͢Δػೳ .................................................................. 402 12.6 ·ͱΊ 403 ୈ 13 ষ ϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ...................................................................................... 405 13.1 ςε τهड़ͷํ๏ 406 ςετͷྲྀΕ ...................................................................................................................... 406 ࠷খݶͷςετίʔυهड़ ..........................................................................................407 ςετͷ४උͱ࣮ߦ ....................................................................................................407 ࣮ߦͱमਖ਼ͷ܁Γฦ͠ .................................................................................................408 ςετ ίʔυͷॻ͖ํ ......................................................................................................... 408 ެ։ϓϥάΠϯͷςετͷࢀর ....................................................................................409 13.2 *OQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 410 Πϕϯτੜͷਖ਼͍͠ݕূ ................................................................................................. 411 ಈ࡞ݕূલͷಛఆͷॲཧͷ࣮ߦ .................................................................................412 xxiii ࣍ ϓϥάΠϯͷىಈఀࢭॲཧͷলུ ............................................................................412 ೖྗΠϕϯτͷݕࠪʹ༻Ͱ͖Δϝιο υ ......................................................................... 413 FWFOUTϝιουɹΠϕϯτΛฦ͢.....................................................................................413 SFDPSE@DPVOUϝιουɹΠϕϯτͷΛฦ͢ ....................................................................414 FWFOU@TUSFBNTϝιουɹΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜΛฦ͢ ..........................................................414 FNJU@DPVOUϝιουɹFNJUͨ͠ճΛฦ͢ .....................................................................415 13.3 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 415 Πϕϯτʹର͢Δϑ Οϧλ݁Ռͷݕূ ................................................................................ 416 'JMUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςετʹ͓͚Δλάͷѻ͍ͷলུ ...................................................... 417 13.4 0VUQVUϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 417 ϞοΫΛͬͨग़ྗͷݕূ ................................................................................................ 418 ग़ྗͷݕূํ๏ΛܾΊ͔ͯΒͷςετهड़ ...................................................................... 420 13.5 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 421 ճͷݺͼग़͠ ͰෳϨίʔυ͕ฦΔ߹ͷఆ ............................................................. 422 13.6 'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷςε τ 422 13.7 ςε τهड़ͷͨΊͷϔϧύʔϝιο υ 423 FWFOU@UJNFϝιο υɹΈͷ࣌ΦϒδΣΫτΛ؆୯ʹੜ͢Δ ............................................ 424 XJUI@UJNF[POFϝιο υɹλΠ ϜκʔϯΛมߋ͢Δ................................................................ 424 XJUI@XPSLFS@DPOpHϝιο υɹෳϫʔΧʔͰͷಈ࡞ΛγϛϡϨʔτ͢Δ .............................. 425 DBQUVSF@MPHϝιο υɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Βͷϩάग़ྗΛऔಘ͢Δ ................................................. 425 13.8 ·ͱΊ 426 ୈ 14 ষ ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ ................................................................................... 427 14.1 ͞·͟·ͳϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔ 428 14.2 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༻ํ๏ 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷ༗ޮԽɹϓϥάΠϯͰ༻͢ΔػೳΛએݴ͢Δ ..................................... 429 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔͷϝιο υݺͼग़͠ ............................................................................ 430 ϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔϝιο υͷઆ໌ྫ ............................................................................... 430 14.3 UJNFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹॲཧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ 431 UJNFS@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹϒϩοΫҾͷॲཧΛҰఆ࣌ؒ͝ͱʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ ................................ 431 14.4 DIJME@QSPDFTTϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ֎෦ίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ 432 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYJTU ϝιο υɹࢠϓϩηε͕࣮ߦத͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ .................................. 433 DIJME@QSPDFTT@FYFDVUFϝιο υɹࢦఆίϚϯυΛࢠϓϩηεͱ ͠ ࣮ͯߦ͢Δ ........................ 433 ୯७ͳ֎෦ίϚϯυͷىಈ .........................................................................................435 xxiv ىಈͨ͠֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷؒͰͷೖग़ྗ ......................................................................436 ֎෦ίϚϯυͱͷೖग़ྗʹ͓͚ΔΤϯίʔσΟ ϯάม ................................................436 ϒϩοΫ͖ݺͼग़͠ͱϓϩηεͷऴྃ .......................................................................437 14.5 TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹωο τϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞͢Δ 437 TFSWFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹωοτϫʔΫαʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ............................................ 439 Ϣʔβʔ͕ઃఆͨ͠ϓϩτίϧͷ༻ .........................................................................440 ίωΫγϣϯΛ༻ͨ͠ϝ οηʔδฦ৴ ........................................................................440 ෳϫʔΧʔಈ࡞ͷରԠ .........................................................................................441 6%1σʔλૹ৴ʹର͢Δฦ৴ͷड৴ ..........................................................................441 γεςϜʹґଘ͢ΔϨϕϧΦϓγϣϯ .......................................................................441 TFSWFS@DSFBUF@DPOOFDUJPOϝιο υɹίωΫγϣϯཱ֬Λݕग़͢ΔαʔόΛ࡞͢Δ ........... 442 ཱ֬ͨ͠ଓʹର͢Δૢ࡞ .........................................................................................443 14.6 IUUQ@TFSWFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞͢Δ 444 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQ@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)551αʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ .................... 444 ϦΫΤετύε͝ͱͷॲཧͷهड़ .................................................................................445 σϑΥϧτͷॲཧ ........................................................................................................446 IUUQ@TFSWFS@DSFBUF@IUUQT@TFSWFSϝιο υɹ)5514αʔόΛ࡞͠ ͯىಈ͢Δ ................ 447 14.7 UISFBEϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹεϨο υΛ࡞͢Δ 447 UISFBE@DSFBUFϝιο υɹεϨουΛ࡞͠ ͯ։࢝͢Δ ........................................................... 448 UISFBE@DVSSFOU@SVOOJOH ϝιο υɹݱࡏͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதঢ়ଶ͔Ͳ͏͔Λฦ͢ ............... 448 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUBSUϝιο υɹͯ͢ͷεϨου͕࣮ߦதʹͳΔ·Ͱͭ ...................... 449 UISFBE@XBJU@VOUJM@TUPQϝιο υɹͯ͢ͷεϨου͕ఀࢭ͢Δ·Ͱͭ ............................. 450 14.8 TPDLFUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹιέο τΛ࡞͢Δ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UDQϝιο υɹ5$1ιέοτΛ࡞͠ ͯଓ͢Δ ............................................ 451 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@VEQϝιο υɹ6%1ιέοτΛ࡞͢Δ ...................................................... 452 TPDLFU@DSFBUF@UMTϝιο υɹ5-4ιέοτΛ࡞͠ ͯଓ͢Δ .............................................. 453 TPDLFU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆϓϩτίϧͰιέοτΛ࡞͢Δ .............................................. 455 14.9 JOKFDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹλά࣌ͳͲΛೖ͢Δ 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@SFDPSEϝιο υɹλά࣌ͳͲΛϨίʔυʹೖ͢Δ ........................... 456 JOKFDU@WBMVFT@UP@FWFOU@TUSFBNϝιο υɹλά࣌ͳͲΛΠϕϯτετ ϦʔϜʹೖ͢Δ ... 456 14.10 FYUSBDUϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϨίʔυ͔Βλά࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ 457 FYUSBDU@UBH@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔ΒλάΛऔΓग़͢ ....................................... 457 FYUSBDU@UJNF@GSPN@SFDPSEϝιο υɹϨίʔυ͔Β࣌ΛऔΓग़͢ .................................... 458 14.11 GPSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹσʔλจࣈྻͷͨΊ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ 459 GPSNBUUFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ............................................... 459 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ..............................................459 ༻్͝ͱʹҟͳΔෳͷ'PSNBUUFSϓϥάΠϯͷ࡞ ..................................................460 ࡞ͨ͠ϓϥάΠϯͷར༻ ...........................................................................................461 xxv ࣍ 14.12 QBSTFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹจࣈྻΛղੳ͠ ͯσʔλΛಘΔͨΊ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ 461 QBSTFS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ......................................................... 462 ϓϥάΠϯʹΑΔ1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷσϑΥϧτࢦఆ ....................................................462 1BSTFSϓϥάΠϯͷϒϩοΫ͖ݺͼग़͠ ...................................................................462 14.13 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹෳࡶͳߏͷϨίʔυʹΞΫηε͢Δ 463 SFDPSE@BDDFTTPS@DSFBUFϝιο υɹࢦఆཁૉͷΞΫηαΦϒδΣΫτΛ࡞͢Δ ............... 464 14.14 TUPSBHFϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔Β༻ՄೳͳετϨʔδΛఏڙ͢Δ 465 TUPSBHF@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ4UPSBHFϓϥάΠϯΛ࡞͢Δ ..................................................... 465 ετϨʔδʹର͢Δσʔλૢ࡞ ....................................................................................466 14.15 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹαʔϏεͷใΛϓϥάΠϯʹର͠ ͯఏڙ͢Δ 467 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@DPOpHVSFϝιο υɹ4FSWJDF%JTDPWFSZϓϥάΠϯͷηοτΞοϓΛߦ͏ ... 468 ઐ༻ͷσΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹઃఆ͞Εͨใͷࢀর ............................................................468 ݻఆϦετͷઐ༻σΟ ϨΫςΟϒʹΑΔࢦఆ ..................................................................470 αʔϏεΦϒδΣΫτͷϓϥάΠϯଆΦϒδΣΫτͷม ...........................................470 αʔϏεͷબํ๏ͷ੍ޚ .........................................................................................471 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFMFDU@TFSWJDFϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛͭબ͢Δ ................ 472 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@TFSWJDFTϝιο υɹར༻ՄೳαʔϏεΛͯ͢ฦ͢ ............................. 473 TFSWJDF@EJTDPWFSZ@SFCBMBODFϝιο υɹαʔϏεͷϦόϥϯεΛߦ͏ ............................... 473 14.16 DPVOUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹ෦༻ΧϯλΛఏڙ͢Δ 473 $PVOUFS"1*ɹ'MVFOUEϓϩηεؒͰڞ༗͞ΕͨΧϯλͷૢ࡞ .............................................. 474 ΧϯλʹΑΔͷอଘ ..........................................................................................474 ΫϥΠΞϯτΛܦ༝ͨ͠Χϯλૢ࡞ ............................................................................475 $PVOUFS"1*༗ޮԽʹඞཁͳઃఆ ..............................................................................475 DPVOUFS@DMJFOU@DSFBUFϝιο υɹ$PVOUFS"1*ΫϥΠΞϯτΛ࡞͢Δ ................................ 476 Χϯλૢ࡞ͷಉظ࣮ߦͱඇಉظ࣮ߦ ........................................................................476 ΧϯλͷॳظԽ .......................................................................................................477 Χϯλͷऔಘ ...........................................................................................................478 Χϯλͷ૿Ճ ...........................................................................................................478 ΧϯλͷϦηοτ ......................................................................................................479 Χϯλͷআ ...........................................................................................................479 14.17 FWFOU@FNJUUFSϓϥάΠϯϔϧύʔɹϓϥάΠϯ͔ΒΠϕϯτΛೖྗ͢Δ 480 SPVUFSϝιο υɹ3PVUFSΛฦ͢ ............................................................................................ 480 14.18 ·ͱΊ 481 ୈ 15 ষ 'MVFOUEͷ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧ .............................................................. 483 15.1 ωο τϫʔΫ௨৴ϓϩ τίϧͷॏཁੑ 484 xxvi 15.2 'MVFOUEGPSXBSEQSPUPDPMWͷ֓ཁɹ௨৴࿏ͱσʔλදݱ 485 ϓϩτ ίϧͷόʔδϣϯ ..................................................................................................... 485 5$1·ͨ5-4Λ༻͍ͨ௨৴ .......................................................................................... 486 .FTTBHF1BDLʹΑΔσʔλදݱ ..................................................................................... 486 σʔλసૹͷͨΊͷϞʔυ ................................................................................................ 486 .FTTBHFϞʔυɹҰʹΠϕϯτͷΈΛૹΔ ..................................................................487 'PSXBSEϞʔυɹෳͷΠϕϯτΛ·ͱΊͯૹΔ .................................................................487 1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹॲཧޮͷྑ͍σʔλදݱΛ༻͍ͯૹΔ ......................................488 $PNQSFTTFE1BDLFE'PSXBSEϞʔυɹѹॖࡁΈͷσʔλΛૹΔ ......................................489 ࣌ͷදݱ ........................................................................................................................ 490 φϊඵਫ਼ͷΛ༻͍ͨ'MVFOUEͷ࣌ .....................................................................490 ͭͷΛΈ߹Θͤͨ࣌දݱ ...........................................................................490 ௨৴Φϓγϣϯ ................................................................................................................... 491 TJ[FΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλ͕͍͘ ͭΠϕϯτΛอ࣋͢Δ͔ࣔ͢ ...................................................491 DIVOLΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλૹ৴ʹର͠ ͯ"$,Λཁٻ͢Δ.......................................................491 DPNQSFTTFEΦϓγϣϯɹσʔλͷѹॖܗࣜΛࢦఆ͢Δ .....................................................491 15.3 )FBSUCFBUΛ༻͍ͨࢮ׆ࢹɹσʔλૹ৴ઌ͕ਖ਼ৗ͔֬ೝ͢Δ 492 'MVFOUEʹ͓͚Δ)FBSUCFBU ............................................................................................ 492 JO@GPSXBSEPVU@GPSXBSEϓϥάΠϯʹ͓͚Δ࣮ࡍͷࢮ׆ࢹ ..................................... 493 15.4 "$,ɹσʔλΛड৴ͨ͜͠ͱΛૹ৴ݩʹ௨͢Δ 493 "$,Λཁٻ͢Δσʔλసૹ ............................................................................................... 494 "$,ཁٻ͞Εͨ߹ͷϨεϙϯε .................................................................................... 494 15.5 ೝূɹૹ৴ݩ͋Δ͍ૹ৴ઌਖ਼͍͔͠Λ֬ೝ͢Δ 495 σʔλૹ৴લͷೝূ࡞ۀ .................................................................................................. 495 ڞ༗ΩʔʹΑΔαʔόͱΫϥΠΞϯτͷ૬ޓೝূ ..........................................................496 Ϣʔβʔ໊ͱύεϫʔυʹΑΔΫϥΠΞϯτೝূ ...........................................................496 αʔόͷ)&-0ϝ οηʔδɹೝূॲཧʹඞཁͳใΛ͑Δ ................................................. 497 ௨ৗͷ߹ .................................................................................................................497 ΫϥΠΞϯτೝূΛཁٻ͢Δ߹ .................................................................................498 ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ1*/(ϝ οηʔδɹΫϥΠΞϯτ͔ΒೝূใΛૹΔ ......................................... 498 αʔόͷ10/(ϝ οηʔδɹೝূ݁Ռͱαʔό͔ΒͷೝূใΛฦ͢ .................................... 499 15.6 5-4ʹΑΔ҉߸Խ௨৴ɹૹ৴σʔλΛ҉߸ԽʹΑΓकΔ 501 5-4ͷϝϦ ο τ ͱσϝϦ ο τ ................................................................................................. 501 5-4ͷσϝϦ ο τΛ؇͢ΔΩʔϓΞϥΠϒ ..................................................................... 502 15.7 ·ͱΊ 503 ͋ͱ͕͖ .............................................................................................................................. 504 ࡧҾ .................................................................................................................................... 505 ஶऀϓϩϑ Οʔϧ ........................................................................................................517 ా૱ஶ ʰ'MVFOUE࣮ફೖʱ ٕज़ධࣾɺ
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