サイバー攻撃・防御とサイバー法 / Cyber Attacks, Defenses and Cyber Law

早稲田大学大学院経営管理研究科「サイバーセキュリティ」2024 夏の第7-8回で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Hardening for cyber security — generated by Stable Diffusion XL v1.0 2024 7-8 (WBS) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.1/46
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91/collections/cyber-security-2024-summer 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.2/46
3. ( ) 1 6 10 (1) • 2 6 10 (2) • 3 6 17 • 4 6 17 • 5 6 24 I ( ) • 6 6 24 I ( ) • 7 7 1 • 8 7 1 • 9 7 8 10 7 8 11 7 15 II ( ) 12 7 15 II ( ) 13 7 22 14 7 22 W-IOI / ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.3/46
4. ( 20 ) 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 (TCP/IP ) • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 World Wide Web • 11 Web API • 12 • 13 git GitHub • 14 • (6/24 ) / (2 ) OK / 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.4/46
5. ( ) I 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.5/46
6. + I ( ) + 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.6/46
7. 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.7/46
8. 3. (1) ( ) (2) 2024 6 27 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Q & A ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.8/46
9. . . . . . . 13 11 (6/29( ) ) ( ) CSIRT 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.9/46
10. W [ ] AI SNS ⇒ 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.10/46
11. A Discord ( ) ⇒ NPC ^^; NPC <(_ _)> 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.11/46
12. L ⇒ 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.12/46
13. M CEO 100 ⇒ 1 1 AI ( ← ) CEO NPC 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.13/46
14. I ( ) ⇒ 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.14/46
15. T OvenAI @cr,@br,@pr @cr / / @cr,@br,@pr @eng @cr @cr ⇒ @cr,@br,@pr NPC @cto NPC 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.15/46
16. (1) OvenAI CEO AI CTO OvenAI Vision OvenAI OvenAI 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.16/46
17. (2) OvenAI (1) (2) OvenAI OvenAI OvenAI OvenAI W OvenAI 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.17/46
18. I ( . . . ) ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.18/46
19. Alice Alice sudo (superuser do/substitute user do) sudo UNIX Malissa (= Alice) Malissa OvenAI 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.19/46
20. ( ) αʔό
    ʮ0WFO"*ʯαʔϏεӡ༻؀ڥ ΫϥΠΞϯτ
    ࡏ୐؀ڥ ಉ Ұ ਓ ෺ · ͨ ͸ ஥ ؒ ௨৴ܦ࿏ .BMJTTB
    
    ߈ܸऀ
    ౻ଜ͞Μʁ ᶃ
    ͦͷลͷίϯϐϡʔλͷݖݶΛୣऔ ɹ
    Φϓγϣφϧ #PC
    
    Ұൠ ΤϯδχΞ
    ࡾ୩͞Μ "MJDF
    
    ؅ཧऀ
    ౻ଜ͞Μ ؅ཧऀ͔͠ॻ͖ࠐΊͳ͍ ϑΝΠϧ܈  FUDQBTTXE FUDHSPVQ    FUDTIBEPX   ؅ཧऀ͔͠ಡΈग़ͤͳ͍ ϑΝΠϧ܈ & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & . # " ެ։伴 ᶈ
    ެ։伴Λ౉͢ ᶅ
    QBTTXE
    ͱ
    TIBEPX ɹΛ౉͢ ᶆ
    αʔόͷ
    6/*9
    ύεϫʔυΛΫϥοΫͯ͠ ɹ#PC
    ͷύεϫʔυ͕ऑ͍͜ͱΛൃݟ
    ˠ
    #PC
    ஫ҙਂ͘ͳ͍ΤϯδχΞೝఆʂ ᶉ
    ؅ཧऀͱͯ͠௥ه͢Δ ᶊ
    .BMJTTB
    ͸
    #PC
    ͱͯ͠ ɹϦϞʔτϩάΠϯՄೳʜ
    ˞
    ࠓճ͸੨ࣈͷ෦෼Λ࣮ԋ͠·͢ 
    
    .BMJTTB
    ͸
    #PC
    ʹͳΓ͢·ͭͭ͠ ɹ
    
    ؅ཧऀͷΑ͏ʹৼΔ෣͑Δʜ
    ˕
    "MJDF
    ͸ୀ৬ޙ΋αʔόΛίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖Δ ɹ
    
    ͨΊͷखஈΛಘͨ ᶋ
    #PC
    Λ
    TVEPՄʹ ᶄ
    ಡΈग़͠ ᶄ
    ಡΈग़͠ 伴ϖΞ ൿີ伴 Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ ൿີ伴 伴 ެ։伴 伴ϖΞ ൿີ伴 Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ Ξ ൿີ伴 伴 ެ։伴 ᶇ
    伴ϖΞੜ੒ ʮ४උʯ ʹͯํ๏Λॻ͖·͢ ൿີ伴 ൿີ伴 伴 "MJDF
    ͷެ։伴 "MJDF
    ͷ࡞ۀ؀ڥ 44)
    4FDVSF
    4IFMM 44) 44)
    PWFS
    5PS
    5IF
    0OJPO
    3PVUFS #PC
    ͷ࡞ۀ؀ڥ #PC
    ͷެ։伴 .BMJTTB
    ͷެ։伴 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.20/46
21. UNIX ҉߸ֶతϋογϡؔ਺ 4)" ιϧτ
    ϥϯμϜ஋ ੜ੒͞ΕͨμΠδΣετ “/etc/shadow” $ $ $ 1 MD5 5 SHA-256 6 SHA-512 y yescrypt base64 (64 ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.21/46
22. ( ) (1/5) Ubuntu 22.04 ( ) 2 (Parallels) $ ip address IP alice ( ), bob ( ) (BAD PASSWORD ^^;) # adduser alice . . . Enter new UNIX password: structure . . . # adduser bob . . . Enter new UNIX password: quicksand . . . 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.22/46
23. ( ) (2/5) alice bob (sudo : superuser do/substitute user do) # usermod -aG sudo alice $ grep "sudo" /etc/group alice malissa ( ) # adduser malissa . . . Enter new UNIX password: irresistible . . . “structure quicksand irresistible . . . ” ( ) 1 1 ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.23/46
24. ( ) (3/5) SSH (Secure Shell) ( ) ( 1) (apt : Advanced Packaging Tool)( ) $ sudo apt install openssh-server SSH ( ) (Ed25519 ) $ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 . . . Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): . . . $ cat .ssh/id_ed25519.pub alice: “heartbeat”, bob: “okinawa”, malissa: “darkness” ( ) cat ( ) cat catenate ( ) ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.24/46
25. ( ) (4/5) SSH ( ) ( 2) ( ) $ mkdir .ssh $ chmod 700 .ssh $ cd .ssh $ nano authorized_keys ( ) $ chmod 600 authorized_keys ( ) alice, bob malissa $ slogin IP $ exit 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.25/46
26. ( ) (5/5) $ sudo apt install git nmap john git nmap “Matrix Reloaded” (https://nmap.org/images/matrix/matrix-hack-screen3.png) SSH john (John the Ripper) bob (1.9.0) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.26/46
27. I . . . . . . ^^; 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.27/46
28. Tor (The Onion Router) → ( ) 1 Tor : https://www.torproject.org Tor ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.28/46
29. I malissa $ passwd ESC (GRUB normal + ESC) recovery mode root # mount -o remount,rw / # passwd malissa # exit malissa Ubuntu OS ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.29/46
30. (1) I ( ) malissa bob 22 SSH $ nmap -sV -p 22 IP $ git clone https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists.git bob malissa bob “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” #PasswordAuthentication yes # ( ) no $ sudo systemctl restart ssh SSH malissa bob 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.30/46
31. SSH alice = malissa alice bob “authorized_keys” bob $ sudo -s # cd ../bob/.ssh # nano authorized_keys ( malissa ) bob alice (bob ) malissa bob 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.31/46
32. (bob ) alice = malissa $ sudo usermod -aG sudo bob sudo malissa bob 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.32/46
33. (2) “/etc/shadow” “/etc/passwd” alice malissa $ unshadow passwdfile.txt shadowfile.txt > crackfile.txt $ john --wordlist=SecLists/Passwords/Common-Credentials/10-million-password-list-top-100000.txt crackfile.txt . . . quicksand (bob) . . . 5 bob “10-million-password-list-top-100000.txt” bob bob John the Ripper 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.33/46
34. ( ) (1) JavaScript ( ) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (A) (B) A ≡ B 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.34/46
35. GitHub ( ) Git - https://git-scm.com/book/ja/v2/Git- - Git https://gist.github.com/ktx2207/3167fa69531bdd6b44f1 ( ) GitHub “The Octopus Scanner Malware: Attacking the open source supply chain” 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.35/46
36. ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.36/46
37. (1) : I 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.37/46
38. ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.38/46
39. Q&A Ver2.0 (2023) https://www.nisc.go.jp/security-site/law_handbook/index.html 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.39/46
40. ( ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.40/46
41. (2) : 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.41/46
42. (3) : Coinhive : https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinhive 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.42/46
43. (4) : AI I OvenAI ( ) (1) ( ) : AI ( 5 ) https://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/chosakuken/pdf/93903601_01.pdf (2) OvenAI 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.43/46
44. 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.44/46
45. 4. (1) ( ) (2) 2024 7 4 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Q & A ) 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.45/46
46. 2024 7-8 — 2024-07-01 – p.46/46