ブロックチェーン概論 / Introduction to Blockchain

慶應義塾大学大学院メディアデザイン研究科「サービスデザインプロジェクトB」2024秋 第1回にて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Generated by Stable Diffusion XL v1.0 B 2024 1 ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.1/68
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 ( ) ( ) Discord Discord ( / / ) Zoom URL ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.2/68
3. ( ) ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 24 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.9 & VR 2022.3 2023 AI VR&RPG 2023.5 “Don’t Be So Serious” 2023 2024 AI( ) 2024 “ALOHA FROM HAWAII” 2024 2024 AI( ) → ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.3/68
4. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.4/68
5. 2023 2018 SCIgen 2023 AI B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.5/68
6. SAY NO TO BULLSHIT JOBS David Graeber, Bullshit Jobs: A Theory, Penguin, 2018. ( , , , — , , 2020) Bullshit Jobs ( ) Shit Jobs ( ) ( ) . . . B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.6/68
7. Alexa, ত࿨࣌୅
   
    ੈلޙ൒ ࣾձγεςϜ ࣾձ؀ڥ ػց ٕज़ ਓؒ ࣗಈγεςϜ ྩ࿨࣌୅
   
    ੈلલ൒ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͸͍ ͸͍ ిؾ͚ͭͯ ͜ͷ৚݅ͷͱ͖ ٕज़Ͱ͋Γࣾձ؀ڥ
   ˠ
   ࣗવ؀ڥ ਓ ⇒ ( ) ⇒ ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.7/68
8. “Digital Transformation for Public Good” ( ) ( ) — AI ( ) — ( ) ( ) ← “FinTech — Financial Innovation and the Internet” ( ) (2023 2024 ) B (2020 ∼) ( ) → ( ) https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.8/68
9. NEO — (2009) : SF NEO : New Economic Order ( ) http://grsj.jp/neo.pdf (CC-BY-SA 3.0) science fiction prototyping (1) (2) VR A +VR3D (2021) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.9/68
10. ( ) (2017) : SF + + SF (2048 ) 2048 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.10/68
11. ( ) (1) 2020 9 60 (2020) : ( ) . . . = ( ) ( ) GitHub Copilot (AI ) ChatGPT B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.11/68
12. ( ) (2) (2020) : ( ) ( = × ) . . . B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.12/68
13. ( ) Python 3 Ethereum B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.13/68
14. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.14/68
15. (1/2) — World Wide Web COVID-19 2020 1990 World Wide Web (← ) End-to-End ( ) ( ) ( ) End-to-End ( ) 2008 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.15/68
16. (2/2) — ( web3 ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.16/68
17. ← Python Flask (Python ) Ethereum Brownie (Python Ethereum ) BBc-2 ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.17/68
18. ( 2 ) ( ) Discord miro Discord miro ( ) ( : ) . . . : ( ) : DApp ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.18/68
19. ( ) 25% 25% 20% 30% ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.19/68
20. ( ) 1 10 7 • 2 10 14 3 10 21 1 4 11 28 2 5 11 4 1 6 11 11 2 7 11 18 8 11 25 ( ) Discord B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.20/68
21. 1. 2. Ethereum 3. ↑ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.21/68
22. / STAND ALONE COMPLEX Yes. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.22/68
23. ( ) ੪౻ 0DVMVT
    2VFTU
     खݩͷΩʔϘʔυ ࣮ߦ )%.* #MVFUPPUI #MVFUPPUI खݩͷτϥοΫϘʔϧ .BD
    1SP ໨ͷલͷσΟεϓϨΠ എޙͷ
    .
    .BD#PPL
    "JS "QQMF 3FNPUF
    %FTLUPQ 0DVMVT 3FNPUF
    %FTLUPQ )PSJ[PO
    8PSLSPPNT VT
    2VFTU MacBook Air B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.23/68
24. 1. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.24/68
25. ެ։୆ா ެ։Ͱͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ ʜ ຊਓ ɾૹۚه࿥ ɾίʔυ ɾσʔλͷมԽ ɾ࣮ߦϩά ݕӾͰ͖Δୈࡾऀ ͜Εɺ ه࿥͍ͨ͠Μ͚ͩͲ ͋ͳͨ͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ͜ͷ಺༰͸ ॻ͍ͨΒμϝ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͖׵͑·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͯͳ͍ͷʁ ͜͏ॻ͔Εͨ͜ͱʹ ͠·͠ΐ͏ ॻ͍ͪΌͬͨͷʁ ফ͠·͠ΐ͏ %P4 ߈ܸͱ͔Ͱ ๦֐ͯ͠ࢭΊ·͠ΐ͏ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.25/68
26. Bitcoin . . . : (i.e. ) ( ) : : : ⇒ ( ) ← B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.26/68
27. ৽ن ϒϩοΫ ܈ ௥Ճ ίετϨδελʔ෇͖ ୆ா ਖ਼౷ͳཤྺ ఏҊ͞ΕΔ৽͍͠ཤྺ ίετ େ ੎ ͕ ࢀ Ճ ݁Ռ B มߋແ͠ C ௥ه D ॻ͖׵͑ ɾ৽͍͠ཤྺ͕͜Ε·Ͱͷཤྺʹ஝ੵ͞Εͨ ɹίετΛ૿େͤ͞ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰͳ͍ͷ ɹͳΒ͹มߋ͸ੜ͡ͳ͍ɻ ɾίετ͸݁ՌతʹɺωΠςΟϒ҉߸ࢿ࢈ ݐͯͰଌΒΕΔɻ ɾ୆ாͷҡ࣋ʹࢀՃ͢Ε͹ɺ֬཰తʹେ͖ͳ ใुΛωΠςΟϒ҉߸ࢿ࢈ͰಘΒΕΔɻ ɾใुΛಘΔͨΊʹ͸ίετෛ୲ͰϚδϣϦςΟ ଆʹ͍ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.27/68
28. 4 ( ) ( ) ( ; ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.28/68
29. ( ) ೖྗ σδλϧͳΒԿͰ΋Α͍σʔλͷू߹ ແݶ ग़ྗ CJU ͳͲݻఆ௕ͷ਺ͷू߹ ༗ݶ ग़ྗ஋͸ʮμΠδΣετʯͱ΋ݺ͹ΕΔ খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ খ ͞ ͍ ॱ ʹ ฒ Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ͱ ͠ ͯ 4)"
    ͳͲͷؔ਺ 4)"
    
    4FDVSF
    )BTI
    "MHPSJUIN Ұ༷ʹ෼෍ ϋογϡؔ਺ͷੑ࣭ ภͬͯ෼෍ Ϛοϐϯάʹ๏ଇੑ͕ແ͍Α͏ʹݟ͑ɺ ˠͷํ޲ʹ͸҆ՁʹܭࢉͰ͖Δ͕ɺ ٯͷํ޲ʹ͸ܭࢉͰ͖ͳ͍ Ұํ޲ੑ ҉߸ֶతϋογϡؔ਺ͷੑ࣭ ແݶΛ༗ݶʹϚοϐϯά͢ΔͷͰɺҟͳΔೖྗ͕ ಉ͡ग़ྗ݁ՌʹͳΔ৔߹΋͘͝رʹ͋Δ িಥ িಥ ͤ͞Δํ๏ ͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨ҉߸ֶతϋογϡ ؔ਺͸΋͸΍҆શͱ͸ݟͳ͞Εͳ͍ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.29/68
30. ( ) ൿີ伴 伴ϖΞ ͋Β͔͡Ί ੜ੒ ൿີʹӅ࣋ͭ͠ ͋Β͔͡Ί౉͓͍ͯͯ͠΋Α͍ ॺ໊Λ࡞ͬͨͷ͸ެ։伴ʹ ରԠ͢Δൿີ伴Λ࢖͑Δ୭ ͔
    ͢ͳΘͪॺ໊ऀ
    ͩ͠ɺ ݩͷσʔλ͸ॺ໊ޙ͸CJU ΋มΘͬ ͍ͯͳ͍ ͜ͷ࢓૊Έ͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ࡞͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺ ड͚औͬͨެ։伴͕ຊ౰ʹॺ໊ऀͷ΋ͷ Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͏ԿΒ͔ͷূ໌͕ඞཁ ʲॺ໊ΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗ
    
    ݩͷσʔλɺ ൿີ伴 ग़ྗ
    
    ॺ໊ ʲॺ໊ݕূΞϧΰϦζϜʳ ೖྗ
    
    ݩͷσʔλɺ ॺ໊ɺ ެ։伴 ग़ྗ
    
    0,
    ·ͨ͸
    /( ެ։伴 ॺ໊ऀ ॺ໊ ΞϧΰϦζϜ ॺ໊ݕূ ΞϧΰϦζϜ 0, ·ͨ͸ /( Πϯλʔωοτ ݕূऀ ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ެ։ ެ։伴 ެ ެ։ ։伴 伴 ݩͷ σʔλ ݩͷ σʔλ ॺ໊ ॺ໊ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.30/68
31. ϒϩοΫ O ࣌ؒ ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳ৘ใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫ O  ϒϩοΫϔομʔ ͍ΖΜͳ৘ใ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ ϒϩοΫ O ͷ μΠδΣετ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ औҾ σʔλ ެ։伴 ˍॺ໊ ʜʜ ϒϩοΫͷμΠδΣετ͸ ͦͷϒϩοΫΛҰҙʹࣔ͢ ࣝผࢠͱͯ͠΋༻͍ΒΕΔ औҾσʔλͷ࡟আ౳ͰϒϩοΫͷ ಺༰͕มΘΕ͹ɺͦͷμΠδΣετ ΋มΘΔͷͰɺໃ६͕ੜ͡Δ औҾσʔλʹ͸ૹ৴ऀͷσδλϧ ॺ໊͕෇͍͍ͯΔͷͰվ͟Μ͸ ࠔ೉͕ͩɺऔҾσʔλΛؙ͝ͱ ࡟আ͢Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖Δ ࣍ͷϒϩοΫʹμΠδΣετ͕ ֨ೲ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱͰɺखલͷ ϒϩοΫͷ಺༰͸ϩοΫ͞Εͯ ͍Δͱ΋ݴ͑Δ͕ʜ ܨ͕͍ͬͯΔϒϩοΫͷϔομʔ ͷதͷμΠδΣετΛ࣍ʑͱॻ͖ ׵͍͚͑ͯ͹ໃ६ͳ͘վ͟ΜͰ͖ ΔͷͰɺϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δ͜ͱࣗମ ʹେ͖ͳίετΛඞཁʹͯ͠कΔ Proof of Work ( ) : ( ) Proof of Stake ( ) : B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.31/68
32. ( : ) ( : ) ← NFT 4 ⇒ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.32/68
33. (Confidentiality) 4 ( 4 ) ↑ ( = ) (Integrity) (Availability) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.33/68
34. 2009 ↑ 15 ( 5 ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.34/68
35. ( ) ADR (Active (space) Debris Removal) : https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2018.2890655 (1930 ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.35/68
36. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.36/68
37. ( ) ( - ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.05.019 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.37/68
38. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.38/68
39. ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.39/68
40. / ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.40/68
41. ( ) ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.41/68
42. ( ) : https://www.lij.jp/html/jli/jli_2017/ 2017summer_p018.pdf B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.42/68
43. ( ) ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.43/68
44. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.44/68
45. with ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.45/68
46. DNS : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) IP AS B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.46/68
47. ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 (web ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.47/68
48. ( ) ( ) ( ) : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2021.08.012 ( ) ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.48/68
49. ( ) ( ) : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9686409 3D ( ) : HACCP ( ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.49/68
50. 2. Ethereum macOS (Sonoma 14.7) + Homebrew Linux (Ubuntu 24.04) (x86/AMD64 and ARM) Windows 11 + Windows Subsystem for Linux (Ubuntu ) Ethereum solidity brownie Lima on macOS B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.50/68
51. macOS : Homebrew (Apple macOS ) UNIX macOS Lima Homebrew brew Apple brew ( ) brew Rosetta brew brew https://github.com/homebrew/install Path : https://zenn.dev/tet0h/articles/a92651d52bd82460aefb $ which brew /opt/homebrew/bin/brew B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.51/68
52. macOS : Rosetta 2 Apple x86/AMD64 ( ) $ softwareupdate --install-rosetta lima Rosetta 2 lima B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.52/68
53. macOS : Lima macOS Linux ( ) https://github.com/lima-vm/lima QEMU ( ) Rosetta 2 Apple x86/AMD64 brew $ brew install lima Ubuntu 24.04 (x86/AMD64) “kmd.yaml” $ limactl start kmd.yaml B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.53/68
54. macOS : Lima Linux (Ubuntu) x86_64 $ limactl list Linux (exit ) $ limactl shell kmd Linux limactl list STATUS Stopped limactl start kmd “.lima” diffdisk 100GB B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.54/68
55. Solidity Ethereum ( ) http://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installing-solidity.html Linux (on Windows) “sudo apt”, macOS “brew” Linux ARM git clone dependencies solc 0.8.27 (10/5 ) $ solc --version brownie py-solc-x solc (dependencies) ( solc py-solc-x ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.55/68
56. Ganache Ethereum RPC npm ( ) macOS https://qiita.com/kyosuke5_20/items/c5f68fc9d89b84c0df09 Linux https://qiita.com/seibe/items/36cef7df85fe2cefa3ea npm Ganache $ sudo npm install -g ganache B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.56/68
57. Python3 macOS $ brew install python3 Python 3.8 Homebrew $ brew uninstall --ignore-dependencies python@3.9 $ brew install python@3.8 /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3 Linux ( python3.12.3 OK) $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk 16.10 python3(.8) apt (PPA ) python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.57/68
58. macOS : . . . macOS wget brew dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/opt/gettext/lib/libintl.8.dylib $ brew uninstall --force gettext $ brew install gettext B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.58/68
59. Python (venv) macOS (Linux python3 ) OK Python $ python3 -m venv bbc2env $ source bbc2env/bin/activate (bbc2env) $ pip install -U pip bbc2env ( BBc-2 ) ( ) (bbc2env) $ deactivate B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.59/68
60. Brownie Python Ethereum https://eth-brownie.readthedocs.io Brownie $ pip install eth-brownie version 1.20.6 (10/5 ) B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.60/68
61. $ brownie init ( ERC-20 ) $ brownie bake token $ cd token B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.61/68
62. contracts (macOS Linux (x86/AMD64) ) $ brownie compile Linux (ARM) (AMD64 ) $ python # >>> import solcx >>> solcx.compile_solc(’0.6.12’) # >>> quit() /tmp ∼/.solcx/solc-v0.6.12 ( ) $ pytest tests B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.62/68
63. Brownie $ brownie console Python >>> len(accounts) 10 >>> accounts[0].balance() 100000000000000000000 >>> quit() B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.63/68
64. 3. Ethereum Sepolia B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.64/68
65. infura.io Brownie https://infura.io SIGN UP PROJECT ID infura Ethereum API infura . . . infura.io PROJECT ID WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID PROJECT ID (∼/.bash_profile ) $ export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID= PROJECT ID B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.65/68
66. Sepolia ETH brownie console Sepolia >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’sepolia’) >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add() <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].private_key 16 >>> quit() Sepolia Testnet ETH Faucet ETH https://sepoliafaucet.com ( ) ( ) https://metamask.io/ B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.66/68
67. Sepolia ETH brownie console Sepolia ETH >>> network.disconnect() >>> network.connect(’sepolia’) >>> len(accounts) 0 >>> accounts.add( 16 ) <LocalAccount object ’ 16 ’> >>> accounts[0].balace() ETH >>> quit() ETH >>> accounts[0].transfer(accounts[1], "0.01 ether") B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.67/68
68. B 2024 — 1 — 2024-10-07 – p.68/68