GIS学会_Web地図と著作権

2016年のGIS学会特別セッション「オープンデータ時代の地理空間情報の利用を考える」でお話させていただいた内容です。

https://sites.google.com/site/foss4gsig/gisa25th_special_session

Transcript

1. WEB஍ਤͱ ஶ࡞ݖ Ұൠࡒஂ๏ਓ ೔ຊ৘ใܦࡁࣾձਪਐڠձ ओ೚෦һ ൧ా఩ CC-BY 4.0 international, Satoshi IIDA
2. ΞδΣϯμ ▸ ࠓճ͸جຊతͳࣄྫ঺հͱڞʹɺޙஈͷϫʔΫͷࡍʹඞཁ ͱͳΓͦ͏ͳ؍఺΍ߟ͑ํʹ͍͕ͭͯத৺ͱͳΓ·͢ ▸ ໌֬ͳ౴͑Λ࣋ͬͨߨԋ΍ߨ࠲ɺͱ͍͏಺༰Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɺ ͝༰͍ࣻͩ͘͞ ▸ ຊࢿྉ͸൧ాݸਓͱͯ͠ͷݟղΛද͢΋ͷͰ͋Γɺॴଐ͢Δ ૊৫ɾஂମͷҙݟΛද໌͢Δ΋ͷͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ
3. ࣗݾ঺հ ▸ Ұൠࡒஂ๏ਓ ೔ຊ৘ใܦࡁࣾձਪਐڠձ ओ೚෦һ ▸ ओͳۀ຿ɿΦʔϓϯσʔλɺ஍ཧۭؒ৘ใؔ࿈ͷௐࠪɺISO TC307 Blockchainࠃ಺ҕһձࣄ຿ہ ▸ OpenStreetMap Foundation Japan෭ཧࣄ ▸ INAL (I’m Not A Lawyer)
4. ֓࿦
5. WEB஍ਤͱ͸ ▸ ͜͜Ͱ͸ɺʮϒϥ΢β౳ͰӾཡͰ͖ΔɺಈతͳϕʔεϚοϓʯ ఔ౓ͷͬ͘͟Γͨ͠ҙຯͰ࢖͍ͬͯ·͢ ▸ ྫ͑͹ɺGoogle Maps API΍Leaflet, OpenlayersͳͲΛ࢖ͬͯϒϥ΢β ্ͰߦΘΕΔɺಈతͳ஍ਤදࣔɺ·ͨ͸ͦͷαʔϏεͳͲ
6. ྫ͑͹ɺ͜͏͍͔ͬͨΜ͡ͷຒΊࠐΈը૾ ©OpenStreetMap Contributors
7. WEB஍ਤͱσʔλ ▸ 3ͭͷߏ੒ཁૉ ▸ ϒϥ΢βͰͷදࣔ༻JavaScriptϥΠϒϥϦ ▸ ϑϩϯτΤϯυ ▸ GoogleMaps API, Leaflet, OpenLayers ▸ දࣔର৅ͱͳΔσʔλʢը૾λΠϧɺ͋Δ͍͸ϕΫτϧλΠϧʣ ▸ όοΫΤϯυ ▸ GoogleMap, ஍ཧӃ஍ਤ, OpenStreetMap…etc…. ▸ σʔλΛ࡞ΔͨΊͷݩσʔλ ▸ ֤ࣾอ༗ͷ஍ਤσʔλɺج൫஍ਤ৘ใɺOpenStreetMap Planet DB …etc… →“஍ਤ”ͱ͍͏ݴ༿Λ࢖͏ࡍʹ͸ɺͦͷ୯ޠ͕ͲͷϨΠϠͷ͜ͱΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔ ໌֬ʹҙࣝ͠ͳ͍ͱɺٞ࿦͕ࠞཚ͠·͢
8. “ϥΠϒϥϦ”ͱ“σʔλ”͸୭ͷ΋ͷʁ ▸ ϥΠϒϥϦͷॴ༗ऀʢݖརऀ or Open Source Toolʣ ▸ σʔλͷॴ༗ऀʢݖརऀ or Open Dataʣ ▸ ஶ࡞ݖɺॴ༗ݖ ▸ ͠͹͠͹ɺαʔϏεͷॴ༗ऀʹΑΔҰݩԽͨ͠ن໿͕ઃఆ͞ΕΔ ʢGoogle Maps, Yahoo!஍ਤͳͲʣ ▸ ঎༻αʔϏεͷ৔߹͸͠͹͠͹ɺن໿ʹΑͬͯϥΠϒϥϦͱσʔλ ͷʮॴ༗ʯͰ͸ͳ͘ʮར༻ʯΛڐ୚͢Δ
9. ֤αʔϏεʹ͓͚Δར༻ن໿ ▸ ೔ຊ஍Ҭʹ͓͚Δ஍ਤσʔλ ▸ ঎༻ൢച෺ϕʔε ▸ ஍ཧӃ஍ਤɺج൫஍ਤ৘ใϕʔε ▸ OpenStreetMapϕʔε ▸ Ӵ੕ࣸਅɺߤۭࣸਅ ▸ DigitalGlebeࣾͳͲ
10. ঎༻ൢച෺ϕʔε ▸ Google MapsɺApple MapsͳͲ ▸ ϕʔεʹ͍ͯ͠Δσʔλ͸ɺੈքதͷ֤஍ਤձ͕ࣾ࡞੒ ▸ ྫ͑͹೔ຊͰ͸ɺθϯϦϯࣾͳͲ ▸ αʔϏεͷར༻ن໿ͷ੍ݶ͕େ͖Ί ▸ ҰఆҎ্ͷΞΫηεྔ΍ɺجຊతͳ࢖͍ํҎ্ͷར༻͸༗ྉɺͷ৔߹͕ଟ͍
11. ஍ཧӃ஍ਤɺج൫஍ਤ৘ใϕʔε ▸ جຊଌྔ΍ެڞଌྔͰूੵ͞Εͨ஍ਤσʔλ͕ϕʔε ▸ ར༻ϥΠηϯε͸ʮࠃ౔஍ཧӃίϯςϯπར༻ن໿ʯ ▸ ݪయදهɿ஍ཧӃ஍ਤΛར༻͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱΛ໌ه͢Δ͜ͱͰɺҹ࡮΍഑෍΋੍ݶ ͳ͠ʢաڈʹ͸ҹ࡮αΠζͷ੍ݶ͕͋Γ·͕ͨ͠ɺఫഇ͞Ε·ͨ͠ʣ ▸ ੓෎ඪ४ར༻ن໿ 2.0൛ʹ४ڌ ▸ Ұ෦ɺجຊଌྔʹࢦఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔλΠϧ͋Γ ▸ ஍໊දهʹ͍ͭͯ΋೔ຊ੓෎͔Βͷʮ͓ئ͍ʯʹ४ڌ
12. OPENSTREETMAP ▸ ӳࠃOpenStreetMap Foundation͕ਐΊΔϓϩδΣΫτ ▸ ࣗ༝ͳϥΠηϯεʢσʔλ͸ODbL, λΠϧ͸CC-BY-SA 2.0ʣͰͷ഑෍ ▸ ݪయදهͱɺ࠶഑෍࣌ͷಉϥΠηϯεద༻͕ඞཁ ▸ ੜͷGISσʔλͱͯ͠΋࢖͑Δͱ͜Ζ͕ಛ௃ ▸ λΠϧͷར༻ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺʮλΠϧར༻ن໿ʯΛࢀর ▸ େྔͷΞΫηε͸ආ͚͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻɻɻ
13. ར༻ن໿ͰറΒΕΔ͜ͱͷଟ͍৚߲ ▸ Web্Ͱͷར༻ํ๏ʢαʔϏεଆͱͯ͠͸ɺجຊతͳ૝ఆར༻ൣғ಺ʹͯ͠΄͍͠ʣ ▸ εΫϦʔϯγϣοτͰͷར༻ ▸ ඪ४Ҏ֎ͷJSΫϥΠΞϯτҎ֎ʹΑΔλΠϧ΁ͷ௚઀ΞΫηε ▸ ࣾ಺ΠϯτϥͰͷར༻ʢࣾ಺ར༻ͷࡍʹ͸༗ྉͰར༻ʣ ▸ ҹ࡮ʢෆಛఆଟ਺΁ͷ഑෍ɾ൦෍ɾग़൛ʣ ▸ ࢴ΍ిࢠഔମͰͷ࿦จͷެ։ɺ഑෍νϥγͷ࡞੒ ▸ ެংྑଏ৚߲
14. ߤۭࣸਅɾӴ੕ࣸਅ ▸ ҹ࡮෺ʹ͓͍ͯ͸ɺࣄલڐ୚ͳ͠Ͱ࢖͑ΔϥΠηϯεͷ஍ਤ͸બ୒ࢶ͕ग़͖ͯ ͍ͯΔʢ஍ཧӃ஍ਤɺOSM౳ʣ ▸ Ͱ͸ɺࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑ΔߤۭࣸਅɾӴ੕ࣸਅ͸ʁ ▸ Φʔϓϯσʔλͱͯ͠࢖͑Δߤۭࣸਅ͕ެ։͞Ε࢝Ί͍ͯΔ͕ɺ·ͩ͘͝ Ұ෦ʢࣨའࢢɺ੩Ԭࢢɺֻ઒ࢢɺࣛࣇౡࢢʣ ▸ Digital Globe͸ɺࡂ֐ൃੜ࣌ʹCC0ͷର৅஍ҬͷࣸਅΛެ։͢ΔϑϩʔΛ ࡞Γͭͭ͋ΔʢϋΠνɺΤΫΞυϧɺύτϦγΞ୆෩ɺωύʔϧ஍਒ͳͲʣ ▸ OpenAerialMapͳͲͷಈ͖΋͋Γ
15. ஶ࡞ݖͱ ར༻ن໿
16. ͦ΋ͦ΋कΒͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ͍΋ͷͳͷʁ ▸ ʮར༻ن໿ʯΛकΒͳ͔ͬͨࡍͷར༻ऀ΁ͷӨڹ ▸ ܖ໿ɺ໿׺ɺϥΠηϯεɺར༻ن໿ʢTerm of Useʣ ▸ ར༻ن໿ʹʮϧʔϧΛकΕ͹ɺ΢νͷఉͰ༡ΜͰ͍͍Αʯͱ͍͏ಉҙ ▸ ʮϧʔϧΛकΕ͹ʯͳͷͰɺकΒͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹ɺ஫ҙ͞ΕΔ͔ɺ௥͍ग़͞Ε·͢ ▸ ஶ࡞ݖͷҧ൓Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹͕͋ΔͷͰɺ͢΂ͯ๏తʹࡋ͔ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍ͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺগͳ͘ͱ΋ɺ ͦͷαʔϏε͸ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΓ·͢ɻ ▸ গͳ͘ͱ΋ɺ๏ਓ૊৫ɾஂମͷ৔߹ɺίϯϓϥΠΞϯεతʹ΋ྑ͍ঢ়ଶͰ͸ͳ͍ɻ ▸ ʮͪΐͬͱ͚ͩͳΒ͍͍͡ΌΜʯ ▸ ϑΣΞϢʔεͷཁٻͰ͢ͶΘ͔Γ·͢ ▸ ࢒೦ͳ͕Βɺ೔ຊͷஶ࡞ݖ๏Ͱ͸ϑΣΞϢʔε৚߲͕͋Γ·ͤΜɻɻ ▸ औΓక·Γͷίετ͕ߴ͍ͨΊʹτϥοΫ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺͰ͖ͯͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏ଆ໘΋͋Γ·͢
17. ͋Ε΋ېࢭɺ͜Ε΋ېࢭʂ ▸ ͸͍ɺ࢖͍ͮΒ͍Ͱ͢ΑͶ ▸ Internet࣌୅ͷ஌ࡒͷ͋Γ͔ͨʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺ੓෎Ͱ΋ݕ౼த Ͱ͢ʢ಺ֳ෎ ஌తࡒ࢈ઓུຊ෦, ஌తࡒ࢈ਪਐܭը, ॊೈੑͷ͋Δݖར੍ݶنఆͷݕ ౼ʣ ▸ ͨͩ͠ɺ۩ମతɾ֬ఆతͳ಺༰͸·ͩग़͖͍ͯͯ·ͤΜ ▸ ֬ఆతͰ͸ͳ͍ͱ͜Ζʹ͍ͭͯ͸ٞࣄ࿥͕͋Γ·͢ͷͰɺ άάͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞
18. ஶ࡞ऀͷݖརอޢͱ͍͏؍఺ ▸ GoogleࣾʹΑΔθϯϦϯࣾσʔλͷ࢖༻ྉۚ͸Xԯԁʢॳ೥ ౓ϕʔεʣͱ͍ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ ▸ ͦΕ͚ͩͷ࿑ྗͷ͔͔Δ࡞ۀͰ͋Γɺҡ࣋͢ΔͨΊͷίετ΋ͦΕͳΓʹඞཁͰ͢ ▸ ݱࡏͷϫʔΫϑϩʔ΍࡞੒ίετ͕࠷ྑͱ͸͍͍·ͤΜ͠ɺ ֤ࣾɺӶҙΧΠθϯதͰ͢ ▸ ஍෺΍POIͷߋ৽ස౓ɺਫ਼౓ɺ৘ใྔͷ๛͔͞ɺ౳ʑɻɻɻ
19. ஶ࡞ݖͱར༻ن໿ͷڝ߹ ▸ ʮஶ࡞ݖʯͱʮར༻ن໿ʯ͸ɺ͠͹͠͹ڝ߹͠·͢ ▸ ྫɿApple Mapsͷར༻ن໿ ▸ ͓٬༷͸ҎԼͷߦҝΛߦͬͯ͸ͳΓ·ͤΜ; ▸ (a) ຊαʔϏεΛ௨ͯ͡දࣔ·ͨ͸ఏڙ͞ΕΔஶ࡞ݖදࣔɺ঎ඪ·ͨ͸ͦͷଞ͍͔ͳΔॴ༗ݖ·ͨ͸๏཯্ͷ௨஌ɺॻ໘·ͨ͸ϋ ΠύʔϦϯΫΛ࡟আ͢Δɺෆ໌֬ʹ͢Δɺ·ͨ͸վม͢Δ͜ͱ; ▸ (b) େ༰ྔͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ΋͘͠͸Ϛοϓσʔλ·ͨ͸ը૾ͷೖྗɺ·ͨ͸ຊαʔϏεͷ݁Ռʹجͮ͘σʔλϕʔεͷ࡞੒Λؚ ΉɺຊαʔϏεʹΑͬͯఏڙ͞ΕΔσʔλ·ͨ͸ίϯςϯπͷ͍ͣΕ͔Λɺํ๏ʹ͔͔ΘΒͣɺίϐʔɺ Ҿ༻ɺഇغɺ࠶ར༻ ͢ΔͨΊʹɺຊαʔϏεʹΞΫηε·ͨ͸ར༻͢Δ͜ͱ; ▸ ࠃʢஶ࡞ݖʣʹΑΔݖརͷอޢͱن੍ɺՃ͑ͯɺαʔϏεఏڙऀʹΑΔʮ͜ Ε͸΍Βͳ͍ͰͶʢ΍ͬͨΒౖΔΑʣʯΛ྆ํڞʹຬͨ͠ͳ͕Βͷར༻
20. WHO RULES? ▸ ୭͕൑அΛߦ͍ɺΨΠυϥΠϯΛ࡞Δͷ͔ʁ ▸ ֶऀʹݸਓɺͱߟ͑ͨ৔߹ɺॴଐ͢Δ૊৫ʁ ▸ ૊৫ͱ͸ɺݸਓ͕ॴଐ͢Δػؔʁ ֶձʁ ϨΠϠʔ͸ෳ਺ଘࡏɻ ▸ ۀք͝ͱͷࣗओن੍ϧʔϧɺͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ΋͋Δ͕ɺ࠷ऴతʹक Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ݸਓͳͷͰ͸ʢػ͕ؔͲ͜·ͰΤϯϑΥʔεͰ͖Δʁʣ ▸ ֶज़Ͱ͸ɺΦʔϓϯΞΫηεͱ͍͏ைྲྀ΋͋Δ͜ͱΛ೦಄ʹ
21. ಄ͷย۱ʹ
22. ଌྔ๏ ▸ ஶ࡞ݖͷ͏͑ʹ෴͍͔Ϳͬͯ͞ଘࡏ͢Δ ▸ ڀۃతͳ؍ଌʮࣄ࣮৘ใʯͱͯ͠ͷσʔλΛอޢ͢Δଆ໘΋͋Γ ▸ ਃ੥ϕʔεͷෳ੡ͱ࢖༻ʢଌྔ๏29৚30৚ʹجຊଌྔɺ43৚44৚ʹެڞଌྔͷنఆ͋Γʣ ▸ ج൫஍ਤ৘ใ౳ΛσʔλԽͯ͠΢ΣϒͰެ։͢Δ࣌ʹߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͋Γ ʢෳ੡ͱͯ͠ѻΘΕΔʣ ▸ ࢴ஍ਤ͕೦಄ʹஔ͔Εͨ๏཯Ͱ͋ΓɺਤԽɾௐ੡ͳͲͰͲ͜·ͰӨڹ ͕࢒ଘ͢Δ͔͸ɺɺɺʁ ▸ ஍ཧӃ஍ਤ͕࢖͍΍͘͢ͳͬͨͷͰɺجຊతʹ͸஍ཧӃ஍ਤͰ͍ͩͨ ͍ΧόʔͰ͖Δ͸ͣɻ
23. TPPʹΑΔɺஶ࡞ݖͷඇ਌ࠂࡑԽ ▸ ݱࡏͷ೔ຊ๏Ͱ͸ɺஶ࡞ݖͷҧ൓ʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺஶ࡞ݖऀ͔Βͷਃཱ͕ͯ͠ඞཁʢ਌ࠂࡑʣ ▸ TPPʹΑͬͯɺஶ࡞ݖͷඇ਌ࠂࡑԽʢஶ࡞ݖऀҎ֎΋ਃཱ͕ͯ͠Ͱ͖Δʣ͕ߦΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔՄ ೳੑ͕͋Δɺͱ͍͏࿩͕͋Γ·͢ ▸ TPP͸͋͘·Ͱ֤ࠃؒͷ߹ҙͰ͋Γɺ͔ͦ͜Βઌʹ֤ࠃͰͷ๏վਖ਼͕ඞཁ ▸ TPP߹ҙʢͱถࠃબڍʣ ΛʹΒΈͭͭɺ೔ຊͰͷ๏վਖ਼ɻɻɻʁ ▸ ݱࡏͷͱ͜Ζɺඇ਌ࠂࡑͱͯ͠ਃཱͯ͠Λߦ͏ʹ͸ɺʮܦࡁతͳଛࣦʯΛཱূ͢Δඞཁ͕ ͋Δɺͱ͍͏ํ޲Ͱௐ੔͕ਐΜͰ͍ΔೝࣝͰ͢ ▸ ւ଑൛ରࡦ͕ओͳλʔήοτͰ͢ ▸ ݱࡏɺ੓෎ʹͯஶ࡞ݖ๏ͷվਖ਼͕ߦΘΕΑ͏ͱ͍ͯ͠·͕͢ɺɺɺ
24. δΦίʔσΟϯά - ॅॴͱ஍໊ ▸ δΦίʔσΟϯάʹΑΔσʔλར༻ΛͲͷΑ͏ʹߟ͑ͯΏ͔͘ ▸ ݩσʔλͱͳΔɺ஍໊΍ॅॴͷ੔උ͕ॏཁ ▸ Google MapsʹΑΔδΦίʔσΟϯά݁Ռ͸ɺGoogle Maps APIͱҰॹʹར༻͢Δඞཁ͋Γ ▸ Ͱ͖Ε͹ɺࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑Δσʔλ͕ཉ͍͠ ▸ ੓෎͕ެ։͢Δ “Ґஔࢀর৘ใ” Ͱ͸ɺ൪ʢ֗۠ϕʔεʣͷ୅ද఺ͷ੔උ·Ͱ ▸ ౦ژେֶCSiSʹΑΔαʔϏεɺGeoNLPʢNIIʣͳͲ͋Δ͕ɺͳ͔ͳ͔঎༻αʔϏεϨϕϧͷ඼࣭͸ଘࡏͰ͖ͳ͍ͷ͕࣮৘ ▸ ॅډදࣔॅॴͷϑϩϯςʔδ৘ใʢࠃ౔஍ཧӃ, ॅډදࣔॅॴରԠ۠ըͷΈରԠʣΛར༻͢Ε͹ͳΜͱ͔ɻɻɻʁ ▸ ࠃ౔஍ཧڠձͷൢച͢Δ৘ใ΋ɺஸ໨ɾࣈ·ͰͰ͢ ▸ ஍໊ͷ੔උ͸΋ͬͱ൵ࢂɻɻ ▸ 2008೥ͷ஍໊ू೔ຊ /Gazetteer of Japan ʢࠃ౔஍ཧӃʣఔ౓ʁ ▸ ஍੶ϕʔεͰͷδΦίʔσΟϯάݚڀΛ͍ͨ͠ɺͱ͍͏ݚڀऀ΋ ▸ ๏཯తͳ໰୊ɺϙϦΰϯॏ৺ͷ໰୊ʢ޿େͳ೶஍ɺྛ஍ʹ͓͍ͯॏ৺ͷ୅ද఺Λܝࣔ͞Εͯ΋ࠔΔʣͳͲͳͲ ▸ ͜ΕΒͷ৘ใͷݖརॲཧΛͲ͏ͯ͠Ώ͔͘͸ࠓޙͷ՝୊
25. ͝ࢀߟ ▸ OpenStreetMapͰ͸ɺݩσʔλͱɺஶ࡞੍࡞෺ʢਤ Խͨ͠஍ਤ, Produced WorkʣΛ໌֬ʹ෼͚͔ͨͨͪ Ͱɺ࢖͍ํʹ͍ͭͯͷCommunity Guideline͕࡞ΒΕ ͍ͯ·͢ ▸ OSMFެೝͰ֬ఆ߲ͨ͠໨͸ҎԼɻ ▸ ଞͷ࢖͍ํʹ͍ͭͯ΋ݕ౼ͱ֬ఆ͕ਐΜͰ͍·͢ ▸ Regional Cuts ▸ Horizontal Layers ▸ Collective Database ▸ Trivial Transformations ▸ Produced Work ▸ Substantial
26. ܦ࿏୳ࡧ ▸ ಓ࿏த৺ઢ͕ඞཁ ▸ σδλϧಓ࿏஍ਤڠձʢDRMʣʹΑΔσʔλൢച ▸ ࠃ౔஍ཧӃʹΑΔಓ࿏த৺ઢͷϕΫτϧσʔλ഑৴ ▸ ࠓޙͷࣗಈӡసͰ͸ɺ֤͕ࣾ͋Δఔ౓ಠࣗʹ੔උʁ ▸ “μΠφϛοΫϚοϓج൫ن֨גࣜձࣾ” ͷઃཱ ▸ AIͰ࡞੒͞Εͨ஍ਤͷஶ࡞ݖɺͱ͍͏؍఺͔Βڵຯਂ͍ͷͰ͸
27. ӽڥίϯςϯπ ▸ ࿦จ͸೔ຊ͚ͩͰಡ·ΕΔ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ ▸ جຊతʹ࿦จ͸ “Ҿ༻” ͞ΕΔʢͰɺೝ͍ࣝ͋ͬͯΔʁʣ ▸ “Ҿ༻”Ҏ֎Ͱར༻͞ΕΔέʔεʁ ▸ ࿦จͷ “Ҿ༻” ͱ “ؙࣸ͠” ͷڥք
28. ANY QUESTION? iida-satoshi@jipdec.or.jp nyampire@gmail.com Twitter @nyampire