TechEd 2018, Introduction to Docker

https://ondrej-sika.cz/blog/2018/teched/

Transcript

1. Introduction to Docker #TechEdDevCon Ondrej Sika ondrej@ondrejsika.com @ondrejsika TechEd, Prague, 17. 5. 2018
2. Agenda - What is a Docker? - Usage - Containers - Images - Docker Registry - Composites - Swarm
3. What is Docker?
4. What is Docker? Docker is an open-source project that automates the deployment of applications inside software containers. ... Docker containers wrap up a piece of software in a complete filesystem that contains everything it needs to run: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries – anything you can install on a server.
5. Containers vs virtualization
6. Virtualization A VM is an abstraction of physical hardware. Each VM has a full server hardware stack from virtualized BIOS to virtualized network adapters, storage, and CPU. That stack allows run any OS on your host but it takes some power.
7. Containers Containers are abstraction in linux kernel, just proces, memory, network, … namespaces. Containers run in same kernel as host - it is not possible use different OS or kernel version, but containers are much more faster than VMs.
8. History of containers - 1979 - Chroot - 2000 - BSD Jails - 2001 - VServer - 2004 - Solaris Containers - 2005 - OpenVZ - 2006 - Process Containers - 2008 - LXC - 2013 - Docker
9. Advantages - Performance - Management - Containers distribution
10. Disadvantages - Security - One kernel / "Linux only"
11. Usage - Almost everywhere - Development, Testing, Production - Better deployment process - Separates running applications
12. Work with Cluster managements - Swarm (Native) - Open Stack - Kubernetes
13. Installation
14. https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/
15. Test the installation docker run hello-world ... Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
16. Basic Usage
17. Image and Container An image is an inert, immutable, file that's essentially a snapshot of a container. Images are created with the build command, and they'll produce a container when started with run. Images are stored in a Docker registry..
18. Help docker docker help docker help <command> # eg. docker help run, docker help help
19. System wide info docker version # print version docker system info # system vide information docker system df # docker disk usage docker system prune # cleanup unused data
20. Docker Images docker image ls # list all images docker image ls -q # quiet output, just IDs docker image rm <image> # remove image docker image pull <image> # pull from registry docker image push <image> # push to registry docker tag image <old> <new> # add new tag
21. Docker Run docker run <image> [<command>] # Eg.: docker run hello-world docker run debian:8 cat /etc/os-release docker run debian:9 cat /etc/os-release docker run -ti debian
22. Common Docker Run Params --name <name> -d - run as daemon -ti - map TTY a STDIN (for bash eg.) -e <variable>=<value> - set ENV variable -h <hostname> - set hostname -u <user> - run command by specific user --rm - remove container after stop
23. Containers docker ps - list containers docker start <container> docker stop <container> docker restart <container> docker logs <container> # show STDOUT & STDERR docker rm <container> # remove container
24. List containers docker ps - list running containers docker ps -a - list all containers docker ps -a -q - list IDs of all containers # Eg.: docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
25. Docker Exec docker exec <container> <command> -d - run command as daemon -e <variable>=<value> - set ENV variable -ti - map TTY a STDIN (for bash eg.) -u <user> - run command by specific user # Eg.: docker exec my-debian ls
26. Docker Logs docker logs [-f] <container> # Eg.: docker logs my-debian docker logs -f my-debian # following
27. Docker Inspect Get lots of information about container in JSON. docker inspect <container>
28. Docker Volumes Volumes are persistent data storage for containers. Volumes can be shared between containers and data are written directly to host.
29. Volumes docker run -ti -v /data debian docker run -ti -v my-volume:/data debian docker run -ti -v $(pwd)/my-data:/data debian
30. Port Forwarding Docker can forward specific port from container to host
31. Port forwarding docker run -p <host port>:<cont. port> <image> # eg.: docker run -ti -p 8080:80 nginx
32. Own Images
33. Dockerfile Dockerfile is preferred way to create images. Dockerfile defines each layer of image by some command. To make image use command docker build
34. Dockerfile FROM <image> - define base image MAINTAINER <maintainer> - set maintainers name & email RUN <command> - run command and save as layer COPY <local path> <container path> - copy file or directory to image layer ADD <source> <container path> - instead of copy, archives added by add are extracted
35. Dockerfile ENV <variable> <value> - set ENV variable USER <user> - switch user WORKDIR <path> - change working directory VOLUME <path> - define volume ENTRYPOINT <command> - command, run on container starts CMD <command> - parameters for entrypoint
36. .dockerignore Ignore files for docker build process. Similar to .gitignore
37. .dockerignore # comment */temp* */*/temp* temp?
38. Build Image from Dockerfile docker build -t <image> <path> docker build -f <dockerfile> -t <image> <path> docker tag <source image> <target image> # eg.: docker build -t my-image .
39. Example
40. app.py import os from flask import Flask from redis import Redis app = Flask(__name__) redis = Redis('redis') hostname = os.environ.get('HOSTNAME') @app.route("/") def index(): return '%s %d' % (hostname, redis.incr('counter')) app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port='80')
41. requirements.txt flask redis
42. Dockerfile FROM python:3.6-alpine COPY requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt WORKDIR /app RUN pip install -r requirements.txt COPY . /app CMD python app.py
43. https://github.com/ondrejsika/teched18
44. Run docker build -t teched18 . docker run --name redis -d redis:alpine docker run -p 80:80 --link redis teched18
45. Docker Registry
46. What is Docker Registry? A service responsible for hosting and distributing images. The default registry is the Docker Hub. GitLab contains Docker Registry from version 8.
47. What is Docker Hub? Docker Hub is default public docker registry. You can host unlimited free images. Docker Hub is source of our base images.
48. Docker registry docker login - Login to Docker Registry docker logout - Logout from Docker Registry docker pull <image> - download image from registry docker push <image> - upload image to registry
49. Image name format # Official image from Docker Inc on Docker Hub debian # Image in user namespace on Docker Hub ondrejsika/debian # Image on own Docker Registry (reg.istry.cz) reg.istry.cz/debian
50. Docker Compose
51. What is Docker Compose? Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a Compose file to configure your application's services.
52. Install Docker Compose
53. https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/ https://docs.docker.com/compose/completion/
54. Compose File A docker-compose.yml file is a YAML file that defines how Docker containers should behave in production.
55. Example Compose File version: '3' services: counter: build: . image: reg.istry.cz/counter ports: - 80:80 redis: image: redis:alpine
56. https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/
57. Service Service is a container running and managed by Docker Compose.
58. Build services: app: build: . services: app: build: context: ./app dockerfile: Dockerfile-prod image: myapp
59. Image services: app: image: redis:alpine
60. Port forwarding services: app: ports: - 8000:80
61. Volumes services: app: volumes: - /data1 - data:/data2 - ./data:/data3
62. Environment variables services: app: environment: RACK_ENV: development SHOW: 'true' SESSION_SECRET: services: app: environment: - RACK_ENV=development
63. Command, Entrypoint services: app: entrypoint: ["python", "app.py"] command: ["80"]
64. Deploy services: app: deploy: placement: constraints: [node.role == manager] services: app: deploy: mode: replicated replicas: 4
65. Create a Composite
66. Create docker-compose.yml version: '3' services: app: build: . image: reg.istry.cz/teched18 ports: - 80:80 redis: image: redis:alpine
67. Compose Commands
68. Basic Compose Commands docker-compose config docker-compose help docker-compose ps docker-compose exec <service> <command> docker-compose version docker-compose logs [-f] [<service>]
69. Build Compose docker-compose build docker-compose build --no-cache
70. Run Compose docker-compose up docker-compose up -d # Missing images will be downloaded or builded
71. Compose Up Arguments -d - run as daemon --force-recreate - always create new cont. --build - build on every run --no-build - don't build, even images not exist --remove-orphans --abort-on-container-exit
72. Manage Compose docker-compose start [<service>] docker-compose stop [<service>] docker-compose restart [<service>] docker-compose kill [<service>]
73. Remove Compose docker-compose down # stop and remove compose
74. Docker Swarm
75. What is Docker Swarm? A native clustering system for Docker. It turns a pool of Docker hosts into a single, virtual host using an API proxy system. It is Docker's first container orchestration project that began in 2014. Combined with Docker Compose, it's a very convenient tool to manage containers.
76. Create a Swarm
77. Initialize Swarm docker swarm init --advertise-addr <manager_ip> # Eg.: docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.100
78. Add Worker to Swarm docker swarm join --token <token> <manager_ip>:2377 # Eg.: docker swarm join \ --token SWMTKN-1-49nj1cmql0...acrr2e7c \ 192.168.99.100:2377
79. Manage Swarm
80. Manage Swarm Nodes docker node ls - list nodes docker node rm <node> - remove node from swarm docker node inspect <node> docker node ps [<node>]- list swarm task docker node update ARGS <node>
81. Deploy to Swarm
82. Build & Push # Build docker-compose build # Push docker-compose push
83. Deploy App to Swarm # run docker stack deploy \ --compose-file docker-compose.yml \ teched18
84. Test It!
85. Manage Services docker stack ls docker stack services <stack> docker stack ps <stack> docker stack rm <stack>
86. Scale the Service docker service scale <service>=<n> # Eg.: docker service scale teched18_app=5
87. Test It!
88. Thank you Ondrej Sika email: ondrej@ondrejsika.com twitter: @ondrejsika linkedin: /in/ondrejsika/ slides: https://ondrej-sika.cz/blog/2018/teched