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Web Directions Respond: Performance: HTTP2 in a...

Web Directions Respond: Performance: HTTP2 in a 1.5 world

HTTP2 is here to solve all our performance woes. Well, not quite, even on the 5% of websites that enable it, around 50% of traffic uses the older, slower protocol. It’s our job as web developers to account for both.

Discover some of the techniques available to developers during this transitional period, the new catches in HTTP2 and - importantly - how to keep your visitors from giving up before your site even loads.

Peter Wilson

April 08, 2016
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  1. Total page size (MB) Nov 2011 - March 2016 0.5

    1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16 httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
  2. Total page size Percent of Nov 2011 50% 100% 150%

    200% 250% 300% 1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16 httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
  3. Assets per page Nov 2011 - March 2016 20 40

    60 80 100 120 1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16 httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
  4. Webfonts Multiple of Nov 2011 (bytes) 2 4 6 8

    10 12 14 16 18 20 1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16 httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
  5. <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <a href="/guests/" class="stdtext"><b>Herbie:

    Fully Loaded</b> star <font color="#FF6633"><b>Lindsay Lohan</b></font><br> Australian from London <font color="#FF6633"><b>Clive James</b></font><br> Stand-up comedian <font color="#FF6633"><b>Charlie Pickering</b></font><br> <font color="#FF6633"><b>Jebediah</b></font>
  6. Walmart conversion rate slideshare.net/devonauerswald/walmart-pagespeedslide 0 - 1 1 - 2

    2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 6 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 13 13 - 14 14 - 15 15+
  7. [A] slowdown of one second could cost [Amazon] $1.6 billion

    in sales Esther Vargas (CC) - flic.kr/p/fstSrg
  8. Key metrics Document Complete Fully Loaded Load Time First Byte

    Start Render Speed Index DOM Elements Time Requests Bytes In Time Requests Bytes In 3.770s 0.771s 1.789s 1834 397 3.770s 27 635 KB 4.072s 33 661 KB WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
  9. Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using

    WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/respond/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked
  10. Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using

    WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/respond/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked
  11. Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using

    WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/respond/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked
  12. Comparison timelines Additional blocking request in HTML Header Timed using

    WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/respond/blocking 0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 86% 100% Blocked Unblocked
  13. Speed index Document Complete Fully Loaded Load Time First Byte

    Start Render Speed Index DOM Elements Time Requests Bytes In Time Requests Bytes In 3.770s 0.771s 1.789s 1834 397 3.770s 27 635 KB 4.072s 33 661 KB WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
  14. ~$

  15. ~$ telnet 117.53.163.91 80 Connected to 117.53.163.91. GET / HTTP/1.1

    Host: example.com nextSlideOnWindowFocus:"off", disableFocusListener:false, } }); } }); /*ready*/ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer.min.css?01c19f" type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.css?01c19f" type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='joy-twitter-widget-css' href="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/joy-twitter-widget/joy-twitter-widget.css?01c19f" type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var scriptParams = {"google_search_engine_id":"017877086915232438708:-pvqphefyyw"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-google-search/assets/js/google_cse_v2.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="//example.com/wp-content/plugins/connections/vendor/picturefill/picturefill.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var qpprFrontData = {"linkData":{"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=3925":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=3893"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2014\/10\/sponsorship-directory\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=4437":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/centrestage"],"http:\/\/example.com\/? p=4522":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/vacancy\/2015-radiothon-fundraising-events-coordinator\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/05\/remember-joy-join\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/06\/taste-of-radio\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/training\/taste-of-radio \/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/06\/new-music-to-weekdays\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/music"],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=4916":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/rebel-heart-tour\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/07\/centre-stage-the-winners\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/ centrestage"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/08\/latest-podcasts\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/podcasts"],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=5079":[0,1,"https:\/\/www.surveymonkey.com\/r\/joy949survey"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/12\/volunteer-vacancies\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/ example.com\/vacancies-category\/volunteer\/"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2015\/11\/94days-of-summer-is-coming\/":[0,1,""],"http:\/\/example.com\/?p=5282":[0,1,"https:\/\/www.outix.net\/booktickets\/event\/JOYFundraiserDanish"],"http:\/\/example.com\/blog\/2016\/02\/new-taste- radio-dates\/":[0,1,"http:\/\/example.com\/training\/taste-of-radio\/"]},"siteURL":"http:\/\/example.com","siteURLq":"http:\/\/example.com"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/quick-pagepost-redirect-plugin/js/qppr_frontend_script.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/themes/morning/js/dropdown.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var zoomOptions = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/themes/morning/js/functions.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/themes/morning/functions/wpzoom/assets/js/galleria.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/themes/morning/functions/wpzoom/assets/js/wzslider.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/bj-lazy-load/js/bj-lazy-load.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-jquery-lightbox/jquery.touchwipe.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JQLBSettings = {"showTitle":"1","showCaption":"1","showNumbers":"1","fitToScreen":"1","resizeSpeed":"400","showDownload":"0","navbarOnTop":"0","marginSize":"20","slideshowSpeed":"4000","prevLinkTitle":"previous image","nextLinkTitle":"next image","closeTitle":"close image gallery","image":"Image ","of":" of ","download":"Download","pause":"(pause slideshow)","play":"(play slideshow)"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-jquery-lightbox/jquery.lightbox.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/powerpress/player.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var mejsL10n = {"language":"en-US","strings":{"Close":"Close","Fullscreen":"Fullscreen","Download File":"Download File","Download Video":"Download Video","Play\/Pause":"Play\/Pause","Mute Toggle":"Mute Toggle","None":"None","Turn off Fullscreen":"Turn off Fullscreen","Go Fullscreen":"Go Fullscreen","Unmute":"Unmute","Mute":"Mute","Captions\/Subtitles":"Captions\/Subtitles"}}; var _wpmejsSettings = {"pluginPath":"\/wp-includes\/js\/mediaelement\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelement-and-player.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/joy-public-website-joy-nownext-widget/js/json-jquery.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/joy-newest-tracks-widget/js/newest-tracks.min.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/joy-facebook-page-widget/js/joy-facebook-page.js?01c19f"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JOYTwitter_config = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/example.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","sec":"ecaf121956"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src="http://example.com/wp-content/plugins/joy-twitter-widget/joy-twitter-widget-min.js?01c19f"></script> <!--Plugin WP Missed Schedule Active - Secured with Genuine Authenticity KeyTag--> <!-- This site is patched against a big problem not solved since WordPress 2.5 --> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"70c3bbd35e","applicationID":"1953133","transactionName":"M1RRZ0FUX0ZTV0ZRWAoeclBHXF5bHV1cXFIc","queueTime":0,"applicationTime": 1036,"atts":"HxNSEQlOTEg=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: http://www.w3-edge.com/wordpress-plugins/ Page Caching using disk: enhanced Object Caching 20213/20862 objects using apc Application Monitoring using New Relic
  16. Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former

    best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.
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  18. ~$

  19. ~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client

    Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com
  20. ~$ ssh 117.53.163.91 443 Connected to 117.53.163.91. Handshake Type: Client

    Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2
  21. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com

    Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com
  22. Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

    ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com GET /style.css HTTP/2 GET /script.js HTTP/2
  23. Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

    ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com GET /style.css HTTP/2 GET /script.js HTTP/2 .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}
  24. n¾I®L3æ©Í#t\Qòα`ÐݳAàWøCÀcUÛ%ųd|Äæ½BøwÒ$qk¡GáÄÃÉüª½ÁîHõõ¾uIG:CÛ»>ñ e½ÚësÃ(*áyì:V÷äÔmeê1É62ðÀúæ¾ñ¿´ÝVèíR6ªR~vË÷=ñÇÏéÞµU¸$ãJçÄgW¤Õ¬RÂ>wbý ¶u}¡AtNéSÏ|úÔ/ntùMÌ 9ë×ìì#6fÝÓåSò·¯µe^xfÈØqé×ÔøÜ65ÊM«£e¡ÿÕþ³<Aáè²Ç{á {®èfy¥ay¼3FeÏÞÉÈ?Zñßé:Ýé¡Ü±ùòÆvqÆp9ï^á{«Ùéz£ÉË,I,rD©óUþèÉãóïìû[yçëh¨ ÈbO cþ@ÌpÍNÐI¯#äñÕ#RMÉn¯øï¦yÐ)óüÊÀpÄ·#¦x¯LðÆýAµyÅ«w"\3âC}z}ÆjÜÇr4«· 6ÐÛÁqQÐƹ«´Ü’ÞÏäÕ¥8ÉY¾Úm±ÅÌ1ä¡úyY/|¤ÌCï1sÆWk&°còáPÅ0{uúþuñ;øçÄcqáù@© uÚÞ㨫÷?ô»l®þ2yï[fX÷Æßô7ÆgÕsÅXúZçÆ6P#F[Ãu9üë1|KkrG”ÁÜÙÚIí|÷ã¼¼û0Üû}) àØ#E«köÚ6²+!L²”»~÷ºúG5åѧ:óP}¼Î,4§V\±G»×.z]¤þh¼bÙ/Ë)áIèõÔIá}Ré,.¢nß7

    ÷*SjTÛÙÈïõºýÀZÂmVo5Ì~^Ѥq¹úã.k°ÿ{B(8¦îд0s´Eòd÷×Øá2YƵ;úiºÑ7Ö_ä~%Ðü Sâ½U¯¯¥q*ªsìá¶Ø9ÈQÇ9â¹H|¨Ù_AÚÃ-ÌIJD¡fAÆpTnà1^õq§^M¬I{r¢îÝäòyi)1AÉÍÖÕ üWâ¯Æ·n.|¼!óùñçÕ7$¡RNyIÊþ·]ü¼¯sZØJî|®èר\ÜɶBIbm-ÆøFxÁ®:ûLA!yPäûqÅ}! y¨Ã5âHm£mÞlɽTç/2zy#5ôÏßÄ×s]<PÈ®7Ydzs3·à×ϼÚR_7cÃM6á_ÜÄmo1,bÝDT¶îN,O |ç¶qÅqúR=Ñy¼öû¯ñ§Fö1oW²Ä3òüC×+×txÔ§ÅÒ8sçïÜó×ùê¸IÔnUßשÇRHñO[^©YT&:t® VÆ+Õ]£rô¯j½XÛܨt¯$Ô`67*Ð>¦¼ìe*{[=ÏMkÙþîGá^´Úm¦°q4È¥äNsô¯Ðç0ʾcd~Uë÷v zÝÝG0-Á#;DoqßÐäWÏá)èÚG·ÖäÕíøÿÖý÷Ó¾+k×{ìw+påß*2Y’Á>ßzm¯þ×7cs+é_%éú=ÍÌ æuQo’÷¢ÀÁ=Ï~kÓôÝ3^Ó7UvÁÎÖãÔtλM¤ù<15÷VÞ;ÖRíFïëRÄ·7ùÎINCXZu¡°Ê÷Ûã##5Ñ uÚÞ㨫÷?ô»l®þ2yï[fX÷Æßô7ÆgÕsÅXúZçÆ6P#F[Ãu9üë1|KkrG”ÁÜÙÚIí|÷ã¼¼û0Üû}) ÷*SjTÛÙÈïõºýÀZÂmVo5Ì~^Ѥq¹úã.k°ÿ{B(8¦îд0s´Eòd÷×Øá2YƵ;úiºÑ7Ö_ä~%Ðü Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… YWL / ZLLH/2 Zgkl: bgq.gjy.sm TRG Dfglyr.pff UGGC2c QOD Izsfmde.cc RDDZPK
  25. Handshake Type: Client Hello Version: TLS 1.2 Server name: example.com

    Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2 ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com
  26. Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

    ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com
  27. Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

    ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com Link:</style.css>;rel=preload Link:</script.js>;rel=preload
  28. Server name: example.com Certificate: 14:9f:f0:9e:ab… Certificate Length: 4096 Upgrade: HTTP/2

    ClientKeyExchange: 8C:77:82… GET / HTTP/2 Host: example.com Link:</style.css>;rel=preload Link:</script.js>;rel=preload .comment-respond{clear:both} @media only screen and (min-width:35em){.comment-form>div{width:50%;float:left} .Comment .comment-form>div{width:auto;float:none} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n){padding-right:0} .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:1rem} .Comment .comment-form>div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-left:0} .comment-form>.comment-form_comment.comment-form_comment{width:auto;clear:left;float:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:1rem;padding-right:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n){padding-left:0} .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:1rem;padding-left:0} .Comment .comment-form_comment ~ div:nth-child(2n-1){padding-right:0} .comment-form_comment ~ :nth-child(2n-1),.comment-form_comment ~ .form-submit{clear:left} } .SocialShare{color:#bdc2c7} .SocialShare_Title{font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;text-transform:uppercase;line-height:1.8461538462;margin-bottom:0} .SocialShare_List{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .SocialShare_List>li{margin-bottom:0;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem} .SocialLink,.SocialLink:visited{color:inherit;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.6923076923;min-width:3rem;display:inline-block;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;margin-bottom:. 5rem;padding-right:.3em} .SocialLink:hover,.SocialLink:focus,.SocialLink:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none} .SocialLink_Count{visibility:hidden} .SocialLink:hover .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink:focus .SocialLink_Count,.SocialLink_Count .SocialLink:active{visibility:visible} .Comment{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;display:block} .Comment,.Comment p,.Comment blockquote,.Comment pre{margin-bottom:1.7142857143em} .Comment-withAvatar{margin-left:64px;min-height:56px} .Comment_Meta{color:#bdc2c7} .Comment_Avatar{width:48px;height:48px;position:absolute;margin-top:4px;margin-left:-64px} .Comment_Avatar>img{width:48px;height:48px} .Comment_Name,.Comment_Time,.Comment_Time>a{font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;text-transform:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0} .Comment_Name{float:left} .Comment_Time{float:right} .Comment_Time>a{color:inherit} .Comment_Moderation.Comment_Moderation{margin-bottom:0;font-style:italic} .Comment_Body{clear:right} .Comment-withAvatar .Comment_Body{float:left} .Comment_Body :last-child{margin-bottom:0} .comment-reply-link,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7;text-transform:uppercase} .comment-reply-link:hover,.comment-reply-link:focus,.comment-reply-link:visited{color:#bdc2c7} .CommentList{margin-left:0;display:block} .CommentList+.Pagination{margin-bottom:6rem} .Section{margin-bottom:6rem;margin-left:1em;margin-right:1em} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.Section{margin-left:6em;margin-right:6em} } .PostList{list-style:none;margin-left:0} .PostList_Post{margin-bottom:6rem} .PostList_Post-NoExcerpt{margin-bottom:3rem} .more-link{display:block;margin-top:1.5em} .Page_Main{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;background-color:#fff} .Page_Footer{padding-top:1.5rem} @media (min-width:60em){.Page_Header{float:left;width:220px} .Page_Main{float:left;width:calc( 100% - 440px )} .Page_Sidebar{float:left;width:220px;min-height:50px} .Page_Footer{clear:both} } .t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:1rem;margin-right:1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:48em){.t-Singular .Headline,.t-Singular .EntryMeta,.Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-left:6rem;margin-right:6rem} } .Pagination-PrevNextPost{margin-bottom:3rem} .EntryMeta{position:relative} .EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.25em} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.EntryMeta .SocialShare_List>li{display:list-item} .EntryMeta .SocialShare{position:absolute;width:70px;background:white;top:0;left:100%;padding-left:.5rem;padding-top:2em;left:calc( 100% + 6rem )} } .fluid-width-video-wrapper{width:100%;max-width:126.6666666667vh;position:relative;padding:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .fluid-width-video-wrapper:before{display:block;width:100%;padding-top:75%;content:' '} .fluid-width-video-wrapper>iframe,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>object,.fluid-width-video-wrapper>embed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%} .alignleft{float:left;margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignleft{margin-left:-5rem} } .alignright{float:right;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;margin-right:-1rem} @media only screen and (min-width:60em){.alignright{margin-right:-5rem} } .instagram-image .keyring-img,.wp-post-image,figure.alignnone,img.alignnone,.aligncenter{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto} .post-password-form label{color:#bdc2c7;font-size:13px;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.2307692308;text-transform:uppercase;display:block;margin-bottom:.5rem} .post-password-form [type=password]{width:100%;border-radius:2px;color:#2a2b2b;background-color:#f3f3f3;font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.7142857143;border-width:1px;outline:none;padding:calc( .5rem - 1px ) 0.75rem;border-style:solid;border-color:#f3f3f3}
  29. Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former

    best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.
  30. Critical path CSS <html> <head> <title>Example.com</title> <style type='text/css'> html{font-family:sans-serif;} body{margin:0}

    article,aside,details,figcaption,figure, footer,header,hgroup,main,nav,section,summary
  31. Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload;

    as=style' ); header( 'link:</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script'); }
  32. Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload;

    as=style' ); header( 'link:</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script'); } PHP code samples
  33. Server push if ( is_http2() ) { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload;

    as=style' ); header( 'link:</script.js>; rel=preload; as=script'); }
  34. Server push if ( ! is_cached( '/style.css' ) && is_http2()

    ) { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style' ); }
  35. Server push if ( ! is_cached( '/style.css' ) && is_http2()

    ) { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); }
  36. is_cached() function is_cached( $filename ) { if ( 'cached' ===

    $_COOKIE[ $filename ] ) { return true; } else { return false; } }
  37. <style type='text/css'>/* Critical CSS */</style> <script> function loadCSS(){/* Source inline

    */} function setcookie(){/* Source inline */} loadCSS( '/style.css' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); </script> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/style.css" /></noscript> HTML: uncached HTTP/1
  38. <?php if ( ! is_cached( '/style.css' ) && is_http2() )

    { header( 'link:</style.css>; rel=preload; as=style' ); setcookie( '/style.css', 'cached', 0, '/' ); } ?> <html> <head> <?php
  39. <html> <head> <?php if ( is_http2() || is_cached( '/style.css') )

    : /* HTML: cached or HTTP 2 */ else : /* HTML: uncached HTTP 1 */ endif; ?> </head>
  40. <link rel='shortcut icon' href='/favicon.ico'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='57x57' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon'

    sizes='114x114' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='72x72' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='144x144' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='60x60' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='120x120' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='76x76' href='/….png'> <link rel='apple-touch-icon' sizes='152x152' href='/….png'> <link rel='icon' type='image/png' href='/….png'> <link rel='icon' type='image/png' href='/….png' sizes='160x160'> <link rel='icon' type='image/png' href='/….png' sizes='96x96'> <link rel='icon' type='image/png' href='/….png' sizes='16x16'> <link rel='icon' type='image/png' href='/….png' sizes='32x32'> <meta name='msapplication-TileColor' content='#006ef6'> <meta name='msapplication-TileImage' content='/….png'> <meta name='msapplication-config' content='/browserconfig.xml'>
  41. Blocking render with web fonts <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css? ↩︎
 family=Open+Sans:400,400italic,700,700italic' 


    rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <style> html { font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; } </style>
  42. FOUT var openSans = new FontFaceObserver( "Open Sans" ); openSans

    .check() .then( function(){ document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; setCookie( 'wf', 'active' ); } );
  43. FOUT var openSans = new FontFaceObserver( "Open Sans" ); openSans

    .check() .then( function(){ document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; setCookie( 'wf', 'active' ); } );
  44. family=Open+Sans:400,400italic,700,700italic' 
 rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <style> html.wf-active { font-family: "Open Sans",

    sans-serif; } </style> <script> if ( 'active' === getCookie( 'wf' ) ) { document.documentElement.className += " wf-active"; } </script> FOUT
  45. Breaking things /* ------ TABLET ------ */ @media only screen

    and ( min-width : 768px ) and ( max-width : 1024px ) { }
  46. Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former

    best practices are now an anti-pattern and considered harmful.