The fourth dimension

In the spacetime model, the fourth dimension is time. In this talk I will show how to transform and manipulate events happening in different moments in time the same way that we transform Arrays or normal sequences, by using the power of Functional Reactive Programming. This will allow us to unite synchronous and asynchronous code in a way that will help us reason about complex code and build applications that are powerful, reliable and simple to understand.

This talk was given in JSDay 2014 (http://2014.jsday.it/).

Transcript

1. The fourth dimension A practical introduction to Functional Reactive Programming by sergi mansilla | @sergimansilla
2. @sergimansilla
3. http:/ /github.com/sergi
4. Previously
6. - Shameless linkbaiting
7. Tame your async code with this one weird trick! A practical introduction to Functional Reactive Programming by sergi mansilla | @sergimansilla
8. - Linkbaiting - Time
10. Human beings have hard-wired time in their brain
11. JS developers have hard-wired async in their brain
12. Callbacks Promises Generators Events
13. We use events to deal with asynchronous tasks
14. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
15. Why are we still micromanaging code?
16. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
17. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
18. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
19. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
20. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2 && isAPressed) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } }); ! var isAPressed = false; document.addEventListener('keydown', e => { isAPressed = e.keyCode === 65; }, false); ! document.addEventListener('keyup', e => { isAPressed = false; }, false);
21. We still code the how instead of the what
22. Programming should be more about the what
24. State is dangerous
25. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2 && isAPressed) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } }); ! var isAPressed = false; document.addEventListener('keydown', e => { isAPressed = e.keyCode === 65; }, false); ! document.addEventListener('keyup', e => { isAPressed = false; }, false);
26. Event limbo
27. Isn’t that the problem promises try to solve?
28. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } });
29. Click! … … Click! Click!
30. Click! , , Click! Click! [ ]
32. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] .filter(n => n % 2) .map(n => 'item ' + n) .forEach(n => console.log(n)) ! // "item 1" // "item 3" // "item 5" // "item 7" // "item 9"
33. F R P
34. Final Resting Place
35. Fibre Reinforced Plastic
36. Functional Reactive Programming
39. Deal with values that change over time
40. RxJS helps us compose asynchronous and event-based programs
41. var clicks = 0; document.addEventListener('click', function register(e) { if (clicks < 10) { if (e.clientX > innerWidth / 2) { console.log(e.clientX, e.clientY); clicks += 1; } } else { document.removeEventListener('click', register); } }); Filter Limit to 10 Print the coordinates
42. fromEvent(document, 'click') .filter(c => c.clientX > innerWidth / 2 }) .take(10) .subscribe(c => console.log(c.clientX, c.clientY) })
43. fromEvent(document, 'click') .filter(c => c.clientX > innerWidth / 2 }) .take(10) .subscribe(c => console.log(c.clientX, c.clientY) }) Create Observable
44. fromEvent(document, 'click') .filter(c => c.clientX > innerWidth / 2 }) .take(10) .subscribe(c => console.log(c.clientX, c.clientY) }) Create filtered Observable
 from the first one
45. fromEvent(document, 'click') .filter(c => c.clientX > innerWidth / 2 }) .take(10) .subscribe(c => console.log(c.clientX, c.clientY) }) Create final Observable
 taking only first 10 results
46. fromEvent(document, 'click') .filter(c => c.clientX > innerWidth / 2 }) .take(10) .subscribe(c => console.log(c.clientX, c.clientY) }) Actually kick off computation
47. Rx.Observable Rx.Observer
48. Rx.Observable - OnNext() - OnError() - OnComplete()
49. // Creates an observable sequence of 5 integers var source = Rx.Observable.range(1, 5) ! // Prints out each item var subscription = source.subscribe( x => { console.log('onNext: ' + x) }, e => { console.log('onError: ' + e.message) }, () => { console.log('onCompleted') }) ! // => onNext: 1 // => onNext: 2 // => onNext: 3 // => onNext: 4 // => onNext: 5 // => onCompleted
50. var mousemove = fromEvent(document, 'mousemove'); ! var mouseCoords = mousemove.map(e => ({ left: e.clientX, top: e.clientY })) ! var mouseSide = mousemove.map(e => (e.clientX > window.innerWidth / 2 ? 'right' : 'left')) ! mouseCoords.subscribe(pos => coords.innerHTML = pos.top + 'px ' + pos.left + 'px') mouseSide.subscribe(s => side.innerHTML = s);
51. // Search Wikipedia for a given term function searchWikipedia(term) { var cleanTerm = global.encodeURIComponent(term); var url = 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php? action=opensearch&format=json&search=' + cleanTerm + '&callback=JSONPCallback'; return Rx.Observable.getJSONPRequest(url); } ! var input = document.querySelector('#searchtext'), results = document.querySelector('#results'); ! // Get all distinct key up events from the input and var keyup = fromEvent(input, 'keyup') .map(e => e.target.value) .where(text => text.length > 2) // Longer than 2 chars .throttle(200) // Pause for 200ms .distinctUntilChanged(); // Only if the value has changed
52. var searcher = keyup .map(text => searchWikipedia(text)) // Search wikipedia .switchLatest() // Ensure no out of order results .where(data => (data.length === 2)); // Where we have data ! searcher.subscribe(data => { // Append the results (data[1]) }, error => { // Handle any errors });
54. // Search Wikipedia for a given term function searchWikipedia(term) { var cleanTerm = global.encodeURIComponent(term); var url = 'http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php? action=opensearch&format=json&search=' + cleanTerm + '&callback=JSONPCallback'; return Rx.Observable.getJSONPRequest(url); } ! var input = document.querySelector('#searchtext'), results = document.querySelector('#results'); ! // Get all distinct key up events from the input and var keyup = fromEvent(input, 'keyup') .map(e => e.target.value) .where(text => text.length > 2) // Longer than 2 chars .throttle(200) // Pause for 200ms .distinctUntilChanged(); // Only if the value has changed
55. // Search Wikipedia for a given term function searchWikipedia(term) { return fromArray(['JavaScript', 'JavaServer Pages', 'JavaSoft', 'JavaScript library', 'JavaScript Object Notation', 'JavaScript engine', 'JavaScriptCore']); } ! var input = document.querySelector('#searchtext'), results = document.querySelector('#results'); ! // Get all distinct key up events from the input and var keyup = fromEvent(input, 'keyup') .map(e => e.target.value) .where(text => text.length > 2) // Longer than 2 chars .throttle(200) // Pause for 200ms .distinctUntilChanged(); // Only if the value has changed
56. fromArray fromCallback fromEvent fromEventPattern fromIterable fromNodeCallback fromPromise
57. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] .filter(n => n % 2) .map(n => 'item ' + n) .forEach(n => console.log(n)) ! // "item 1" // "item 3" // "item 5" // "item 7" // "item 9"
58. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] .filter(n => n % 2) .map(n => 'item ' + n) .forEach(n => console.log(n)) ! // "item 1" // "item 3" // "item 5" // "item 7" // "item 9" loop loop loop
60. fromArray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]) .filter(n => n % 2) .map(n => n * 100) .map(n => 'item ' + n) .subscribe(n => console.log(n))
61. Thanks! @sergimansilla