Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
The Value of Being Lazy
Search
Erik Berlin
November 24, 2015
Programming
3
780
The Value of Being Lazy
…or How I Made OpenStruct 10X Faster
Presented at Rails Israel 2015.
Erik Berlin
November 24, 2015
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Erik Berlin
See All by Erik Berlin
Enumerator::Lazy
sferik
2
570
Ruby Trivia 3
sferik
0
710
Ruby Trivia 2
sferik
0
760
Ruby Trivia
sferik
2
1.3k
💀 Symbols
sferik
5
1.9k
Content Negotiation for REST APIs
sferik
8
1k
Writing Fast Ruby
sferik
628
62k
Mutation Testing with Mutant
sferik
5
1.1k
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
大規模FlutterプロジェクトのCI実行時間を約8割削減した話
teamlab
PRO
0
440
PHPUnitの限界をPlaywrightで補完するテストアプローチ
yuzneri
0
370
React 使いじゃなくても知っておきたい教養としての React
oukayuka
18
5.3k
대규모 트래픽을 처리하는 프론트 개발자의 전략
maryang
0
110
ZeroETLで始めるDynamoDBとS3の連携
afooooil
0
150
テスターからテストエンジニアへ ~新米テストエンジニアが歩んだ9ヶ月振り返り~
non0113
2
250
バイブコーディングの正体——AIエージェントはソフトウェア開発を変えるか?
stakaya
5
720
あまり知られていない MCP 仕様たち / MCP specifications that aren’t widely known
ktr_0731
0
220
Go製CLIツールをnpmで配布するには
syumai
2
1.1k
Advanced Micro Frontends: Multi Version/ Framework Scenarios
manfredsteyer
PRO
0
150
Google I/O Extended Incheon 2025 ~ What's new in Android development tools
pluu
1
220
なぜ今、Terraformの本を書いたのか? - 著者陣に聞く!『Terraformではじめる実践IaC』登壇資料
fufuhu
3
390
Featured
See All Featured
10 Git Anti Patterns You Should be Aware of
lemiorhan
PRO
656
60k
Fashionably flexible responsive web design (full day workshop)
malarkey
407
66k
CSS Pre-Processors: Stylus, Less & Sass
bermonpainter
357
30k
Building Flexible Design Systems
yeseniaperezcruz
328
39k
[RailsConf 2023] Rails as a piece of cake
palkan
56
5.7k
Imperfection Machines: The Place of Print at Facebook
scottboms
267
13k
Typedesign – Prime Four
hannesfritz
42
2.7k
Scaling GitHub
holman
461
140k
The Language of Interfaces
destraynor
158
25k
Measuring & Analyzing Core Web Vitals
bluesmoon
7
540
The Pragmatic Product Professional
lauravandoore
36
6.8k
Designing Experiences People Love
moore
142
24k
Transcript
THE VALUE OF BEING LAZY or How I Made OpenStruct
10X Faster Erik Michaels-Ober @sferik
In Ruby, everything is an object. ∀ thing thing.is_a?(Object) #=>
true
In Ruby, every object has a class. ∀ object object.respond_to?(:class)
#=> true
In Ruby, every class has a class. ∴ Object.respond_to?(:class) #=>
true Object.class #=> Class
You can use classes to create new objects: object =
Object.new object.class #=> Object
You can use classes to create new classes: klass =
Class.new klass.class #=> Class
Usually, we create classes like this: class Point attr_accessor :x,
:y def initialize(x, y) @x, @y = x, y end end
You can replace such simple classes with structs: Point =
Struct.new(:x, :y)
OpenStruct requires even less definition: point = OpenStruct.new point.x =
1 point.y = 2
In this way, OpenStruct is similar to Hash: point =
Hash.new point[:x] = 1 point[:y] = 2
You can even initialize OpenStruct with a Hash: point =
OpenStruct.new(x: 1, y: 2) point.x #=> 1 point.y #=> 2
So why use OpenStruct instead of Hash?
Test double validator = OpenStruct.new expect(validator).to receive(:validate) code = PostalCode.new("94102",
validator) code.valid?
API response user = OpenStruct.new(JSON.parse(response)) user.name #=> Erik
Configuration object def options opts = OpenStruct.new yield opts opts
end
So OpenStruct is useful…but slow.
None
Steps to optimize code 1. Complain that code is slow
on Twitter 2. ??? 3. Profit
Actual steps to optimize code 1. Benchmark 2. Read code
3. Profit
Actual steps to optimize code 1. Benchmark 2. Read code
3. Profit
require "benchmark/ips" Point = Struct.new(:x, :y) def struct Point.new(0, 1)
end def ostruct OpenStruct.new(x: 0, y: 1) end Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("ostruct") { ostruct } x.report("struct") { struct } end
Comparison: struct: 2927800.2 i/s ostruct: 84741.1 i/s - 34.55x slower
Actual steps to optimize code 1. Benchmark 2. Read code
3. Profit
def initialize(hash = nil) @table = {} if hash hash.each_pair
do |k, v| k = k.to_sym @table[k] = v new_ostruct_member(k) end end end
def new_ostruct_member(name) name = name.to_sym unless respond_to?(name) define_singleton_method(name) { @table[name]
} define_singleton_method("#{name}=") { |x| @table[name] = x } end name end
def method_missing(mid, *args) len = args.length if mname = mid[/.*(?==\z)/m]
@table[new_ostruct_member(mname)] = args[0] elsif len == 0 if @table.key?(mid) new_ostruct_member(mid) @table[mid] end end end
def initialize(hash = nil) @table = {} if hash hash.each_pair
do |k, v| k = k.to_sym @table[k] = v new_ostruct_member(k) end end end
Before: struct: 2927800.2 i/s ostruct: 84741.1 i/s - 34.55x slower
After: struct: 2927800.2 i/s ostruct: 940170.4 i/s - 3.11x slower
None
None
git log --reverse lib/ostruct.rb
None
Lazy evaluation
Enumerator::Lazy
lazy_integers = (1..Float::INFINITY).lazy lazy_integers.collect { |x| x ** 2 }.
select { |x| x.even? }. reject { |x| x < 1000 }. first(5) #=> [1024, 1156, 1296, 1444, 1600]
require "prime" lazy_primes = Prime.lazy lazy_primes.select { |x| (x -
2).prime? }. collect { |x| [x - 2, x] }. first(5) #=> [[3, 5], [5, 7], [11, 13], [17, 19], [29, 31]]
module Enumerable def repeat_after_first unless block_given? return to_enum(__method__) { size
* 2 - 1 if size } end each.with_index do |*val, index| index == 0 ? yield *val : 2.times { yield *val } end end end
require "prime" lazy_primes = Prime.lazy lazy_primes.repeat_after_first. each_slice(2). select { |x,
y| x + 2 == y }. first(5) #=> [[3, 5], [5, 7], [11, 13], [17, 19], [29, 31]]
require "date" lazy_dates = (Date.today..Date.new(9999)).lazy lazy_dates.select { |d| d.day ==
13 }. select { |d| d.friday? }. first(10)
lazy_file = File.readlines("/path/to/file").lazy lazy_file.detect { |x| x =~ /regexp/ }
Being lazy is efficient.
Being lazy is elegant.
Thanks to: Zachary Scott ROSS Conf Rails Israel
Thank you