足場かけ (Scaffolding) 理論 ◦ Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. *Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17*(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x 2. モダリティ原理 ◦ Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (1998). A cognitive theory of multimedia learning: Implications for design principles. Paper presented at the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI '98). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248528255_A_Cognitive_Theory_of_Multimedia_Learni ng_Implications_for_Design_Principles 3. 熟達化のリバーサル効果 ◦ Kalyuga, S., Ayres, P., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (2003). The expertise reversal effect. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 23–31. https://ro.uow.edu.au/ndownloader/files/50479548 4. スプリットアテンション効果(注意の分割) ◦ Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), 293–332. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0804_2 5. セグメンテーション原理 ◦ Mayer, R. E., & Chandler, P. (2001). When learning is just a click away: Does simple user interaction foster deeper understanding of multimedia messages? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(2), 390–397. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.2.390