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型なし言語のための型
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Soutaro Matsumoto
November 03, 2019
Programming
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型なし言語のための型
富山Ruby会議01
Soutaro Matsumoto
November 03, 2019
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Transcript
ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ দຊफଠ !TPVUBSP
@soutaro
@soutaro
Ruby3ͷܕݕࠪ • RubyϓϩάϥϜͷࣜͷܕΛ࣮ߦͤͣʹఆ͠ɺ։ൃͷମݧΛվળ͢Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯεతͰͳ͍ conf = Conference.find_by!(name: "ࢁRubyձٞ", volume:
1) conf.talks.each do |talk| puts talk.speaker.email end
Ruby3ͷܕݕࠪ • RubyϓϩάϥϜͷࣜͷܕΛ࣮ߦͤͣʹఆ͠ɺ։ൃͷମݧΛվળ͢Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯεతͰͳ͍ conf = Conference.find_by!(name: "ࢁRubyձٞ", volume:
1) conf.talks.each do |talk| puts talk.speaker.email end ::Conference
Ruby3ͷܕݕࠪ • RubyϓϩάϥϜͷࣜͷܕΛ࣮ߦͤͣʹఆ͠ɺ։ൃͷମݧΛվળ͢Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯεతͰͳ͍ conf = Conference.find_by!(name: "ࢁRubyձٞ", volume:
1) conf.talks.each do |talk| puts talk.speaker.email end ::Conference () { (::Talk) -> void } -> self
Ruby3ͷܕݕࠪ • RubyϓϩάϥϜͷࣜͷܕΛ࣮ߦͤͣʹఆ͠ɺ։ൃͷମݧΛվળ͢Δ • ύϑΥʔϚϯεతͰͳ͍ conf = Conference.find_by!(name: "ࢁRubyձٞ", volume:
1) conf.talks.each do |talk| puts talk.speaker.email end ::String ::Conference () { (::Talk) -> void } -> self
૬ؔਤ type-profiler Steep Sorbet RDL RBS (stdlib types) Level 1
ܕݕࠪ Level 2 ܕݕࠪ Type signature language
૬ؔਤ type-profiler Steep Sorbet RDL RBS (stdlib types) Level 1
ܕݕࠪ Level 2 ܕݕࠪ Type signature language ༻ ༻
૬ؔਤ type-profiler Steep Sorbet RDL RBS (stdlib types) Level 1
ܕݕࠪ Level 2 ܕݕࠪ Type signature language ༻ ༻ Ruby3ʹಉࠝ ͖ͳͷΛΠϯετʔϧ
3#4SVCZTJHOBUVSF w 3#4ΛಡΜͰɺΫϥεఆٛͷใΛॲཧ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦ w ৄ͘͠དྷिͷ3VCZ)BDL$IBMMFOHF)PMJEBZͰ IUUQTSIDDPOOQBTTDPNFWFOU class Set[A] def initialize:
(_Each[A, untyped]) -> void | () -> void def intersection: (_Each[A, untyped]) -> self ... end
ΞτϥΠϯ w 3VCZͷ w ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ w 5ZQF4DSJQUͱ࠷ۙͷྲྀΕ w 3VCZͷͨΊͷܕ
ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ w ܕ w ίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹ໌͢Δࣜͷଐੑ w ͋ΔछͷޡΓΛݕग़Ͱ͖Δʢܕݕࠪʣ w ܕͳ͠ݴޠ w
ίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹܕݕࠪ͞Εͳ͍ݴޠʢ㲈ಈతܕ͚ݴޠʣ w 3VCZͱ͔
ίʔυฤू ίϯύΠϧ ࣮ߦ ܕݕࠪ ίʔυฤू ίϯύΠϧ ࣮ߦ ܕݕࠪ
class Person def name @name end def name=(value) @name =
value end end if rand(10) < 5 person = Person.new person.nme = "Soutaro Matsumoto" # NoMethodError end w ܕݕࠪʹΑͬͯɺཏతʹʢJGͷதʣݕࠪ͞Εͯɺ࣮ ߦલʹ͕ݕग़͞ΕΔʢίϯύΠϧ࣌ʣ w ܕݕࠪ͠ͳ͍߹ʹɺϓϩάϥϜͷ࣮ߦঢ়گʹΑͬ ͯɺ͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍ʢ࣮ߦ࣌ʣ
ܕݕࠪͷಘࣦ w ͕ࣄલʹݕग़Ͱ͖Δ w ཏతͳݕࠪʢ࣮ߦͷύεʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ʣ w ॻ͚ΔϓϩάϥϜʹ੍ݶ͕ՃΘΔ w ࣮ࡍʹ࣮ߦ͞Εͳ͍ύεʹ͍ͭͯݕࠪ͞Εͯ͠·͏
4DIFNF 4.- )BTLFMM +BWB 3VCZ +BWB4DSJQU 1)1 1ZUIPO 5ZQF4DSJQU 4XJGU
4DIFNF 4.- )BTLFMM +BWB 3VCZ +BWB4DSJQU 1)1 1ZUIPO 5ZQF4DSJQU 4XJGU
ܕਪ 4PGU5ZQJOH (FOFSJDT '+ (SBEVBM5ZQJOH
4DIFNF 4.- )BTLFMM +BWB 3VCZ +BWB4DSJQU 1)1 1ZUIPO 5ZQF4DSJQU 4XJGU
ܕਪ 4PGU5ZQJOH (FOFSJDT '+ (SBEVBM5ZQJOH
4DIFNF 4.- )BTLFMM +BWB 3VCZ +BWB4DSJQU 1)1 1ZUIPO 5ZQF4DSJQU 4XJGU
ܕਪ 4PGU5ZQJOH (FOFSJDT '+ (SBEVBM5ZQJOH
.-ͷܕਪ w ʮ࠙ஸೡʹશ෦ͷࣜʹܕΛॻ͔ͳͯ͘ྑ͍ʯͱ͍͏ൃݟ w ύϥϝʔλଟ૬ʢେମ(FOFSJDTͷ͜ͱʣ # let rec map f
xs = match xs with [] -> [] | x::xs -> f x :: map f xs;; val map : ('a -> 'b) -> 'a list -> 'b list = <fun>
4PGU5ZQJOH w ܕͳ͠ͷݴޠʹܕΛ͚͍ͨ w ܕ͕͍ͭͨ෦Τϥʔ͕ݕग़Ͱ͖Δ w Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ʹݕࠪ͢Δ w ಈ͘ϓϩάϥϜͰ͖Δ͚ͩͦͷ··ܕݕࠪΛ௨͍ͨ͠ w
ܕऍઈରॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍
6OJPOUZQFT def f(x) if x 1 else "2" end end
6OJPOUZQFT def f(x) if x 1 else "2" end end
(bool) -> (Integer | String)
'MPXTFOTJUJWF5ZQJOH def g(n) n.abs # NoMethodError n.bytes # n: Integer
| String case n when Integer n.abs # n: Integer when String n.bytes # n: String end end (Integer | String) -> Integer
4PGU5ZQJOH w 4DIFNFϓϩάϥϜͷܕ͚ʹඞཁͳͷ͕Θ͔ͬͨ w 6OJPOUZQFT 'MPXTFOTJUJWFUZQJOH w ࣮ w
.-ͷܕਪʹجͮ͘ͷ w ϑϩʔղੳ͢Δͷ
ͬͱۙతͳݴޠͰʁ w +BWB4DSJQUͱ͔3VCZͱ͔< > w ΦϒδΣΫτʹର͢Δଟ૬ੑ BLBμοΫλΠϐϯά w ʮ͋Δϝιου͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔҙͷΫϥεʯΈ͍ͨͳܕ
def add(x, y) x + y end def add: [A, B] ({ +: (A) -> B }, A) -> B
3VCZͰࢼͨ͠ͱ͜Ζ w ͬͺΓݫ͍͠ w .-ͷܕਪͰॲཧͰ͖ͳ͍ఆ͕ٛͰͯ͘Δ "SSBZNBQ w Ϋϥεఆ໋͕ٛྩతʹมΘ͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͕ݫ͍͠ʢϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάʣ w
ͦͦյΕ͍ͯΔఆ͕ٛͨ͘͞Μ͋Δ w "SSBZTFMFDUWT0CKFDUTFMFDU w )BTIΛฦ͢IBTIΛఆٛͨ͜͠ͱ͕ͳ͍ਓ
"SSBZJTB0CKFDU w 0CKFDUʹରͯ͠ಈ͘ϓϩάϥϜ"SSBZʹରͯ͠ಈ͘ʁʁ class Object def use_select select [STDIN], [],
[] end end "".use_select # OK [1,2,3].use_select # ????
4PGU5ZQJOH͔ΒಘΒΕͨݟ w จͰޭ͍ͯ͠ΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ͕࣮༻Ϩϕϧͷͷͳ͍ w ඞཁͦ͏ͳܕγεςϜͷػೳΘ͔͖ͬͯͨ w Ή͠ΖܕΛॻ͍ͨํ͕ྑ͍ͷͰʁʁ w ϓϩάϥϚͷҙਤΛܕͰදݱ͢Δ w
ҙਤͱҰக͠ͳ͍ίʔυΛݕग़͢Δ
(SBEVBM5ZQJOH w ਐతܕ͚ w ܕͳ͠ͷίʔυͱܕ͖ͭͷίʔυΛࠞͥΔ w ͩΜͩΜܕΛ͚͍ͯ͘ w ܕॻ͘
ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ w ͦΕͳΓʹڧྗͳܕγεςϜ w 6OJPOUZQFT qPXTFOTJUJWFUZQJOH HFOFSJDT w μοΫλΠϐϯά
w ߏత෦ܕ w ΫϥεͷܧঝؔΛ͋ͱͰมߋͰ͖ΔΈ )BTLFMM 4XJGU $ w (SBEVBM5ZQJOH
ΞτϥΠϯ w 3VCZͷ w ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ w 5ZQF4DSJQUͱ࠷ۙͷྲྀΕ w 3VCZͷͨΊͷܕ
࠷ۙͷྲྀߦ w ܕ͖ͭͷํݴ w 5ZQF4DSJQU 5ZQFE4DIFNF w ܕऍͷαϙʔτ w 1ZUIPO
1)1
5ZQF4DSJQU w ݱࡏͰҰ൪উ͍ͬͯΔܕ͖ͭํݴ w λʔήοτݴޠ+4ʢϥϯλΠϜ+4ʣ class Drawer<ClothingType> { contents: ClothingType[]
= []; add(object: ClothingType) { this.contents.push(object); } } interface Sock { color: string } interface TShirt { size: "s" | "m" | "l" } const drawer: Drawer<Sock> = new Drawer() drawer.push({ color: "white" }) drawer.push({ size: "s" })
5ZQF4DSJQUͷ͍͢͝ͱ͜Ζ w ܕͳ͠ݴޠʹܕΛ͚Δਓྨͷເ͕ͬͨ w ΈΜͳܕΛॻ͍͍ͯΔͷ͕͍͢͝ w ߏతͳܕ͚ͩͰͳΜͱ͔ͳͬͯΔͷ͕͍͢͝ w 6OJPOUZQFTͱ͔qPXTFOTJUJWFUZQFTͱ͔MPHJDBMUZQFTͱ͔͠Εͬͱ ೖͬͯΔͷ͕͍͢͝
w ϥϯλΠϜͱͷ੍ΛΓӽ͑ͯಈ͍ͯΔͷ͕͍͢͝
ܕॻ͔ͳ͍͚ͯ͘ͳ͍ w ΑͬΆͲࣗ໌ͳͷҎ֎ॻ͘ w ϥΠϒϥϦͷܕEFpOJUFMZUZQFEʹू·͍ͬͯΔ const numbers: number[] = [1,2,3]
numbers.map<string>(x => x.toString())
jQuery.d.ts
ߏతͳܕ w ΫϥεͷܧঝؔͰͳ͘ɺϝιουͷू߹Ͱ෦ܕؔΛఆ͢Δ w ߏతͳܕ͚ͩͱ͍͏ͷ͍͠ w ͋Δ interface ForEach<A> {
forEach: (fun: (a: A) => void) => void } const x: ForEach<number> = [1,2,3]
ͨ·ͨ·ಉ͡ߏ͕͋ͬͨΒʁ w 5γϟπͱζϘϯ͕۠ผͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ w #SBOEFEUZQFͰରԠ͢Δ interface TShirt { size: "s"
| "m" | "l"; } interface Pants { size: "s" | "m" | "l"; }
ͨ·ͨ·ಉ͡ߏ͕͋ͬͨΒʁ w 5γϟπͱζϘϯ͕۠ผͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ w #SBOEFEUZQFͰରԠ͢Δ interface TShirt { size: "s"
| "m" | "l"; } interface Pants { size: "s" | "m" | "l"; } interface TShirt { type: "tshirt" size: "s" | "m" | "l"; } interface Pants { type: "pants" size: "s" | "m" | "l"; }
6OJPO5ZQFT'MPXTFOTJUJWF5ZQJOH w OVMMVOEFpOFEͱ͏·͘ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ const x: string | undefined = ...
// Object is possibly 'undefined'. x.toUpperCase() if (x) { x.toUpperCase() }
ϥϯλΠϜͷ੍ w +4ͷϥϯλΠϜʹͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ54ͰͰ͖ͳ͍ w ʮ͋Δ͕ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹద߹͍ͯ͠Δ͔ݕ͍ࠪͨ͠ʯ w Ϣʔβʔ͕ࣗͷͰݕূ͢Δ -PHJDBMUZQFT •
function isPants(object: any): object is Pants { return object.type == "pants" }
ݟ w ਓؒܕΛॻ͘ w ʢܕΛॻ͖ͨ͘ͳ͍ਓ5ZQF4DSJQUΛΘͳ͍ͷͰ؍ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ʣ w େମ+BWB4DSJQUͷίʔυʹܕ͕ͭ͘ w 6OJPOUZQFTͱ͔qPXTFOTJUJWFUZQJOHͱ͔͕ॏཁ w
ߏత෦ܕಈ͘ w ϥϯλΠϜͷ੍ݶΛΓӽ͑ΔͨΊ JTܕ
1ZUIPO 1)1 w ϝιουͷܕΛॻ͘ه๏͕ಋೖ͞Εͨ w ܕݕ࣮ࠪߦ࣌ w ϝιουݺͼग़͠ͷͱ͖ʹܕݕࠪ͢Δ w ੩తͳܕݕࠪث։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
function sum(int $a, int $b) { return $a + $b; }
ΞτϥΠϯ w 3VCZͷ w ܕͳ͠ݴޠͷͨΊͷܕ w 5ZQF4DSJQUͱ࠷ۙͷྲྀΕ w 3VCZͷͨΊͷܕ
3VCZͷͨΊͷܕ w 4PGUUZQJOHͷݟˠਪΛؤுΔͷઓతʢ!NBNFʣ w 5ZQF4DSJQUͷݟ w ਓྨܕΛॻ͘ w ͦΕͳΓʹڧྗͳܕγεςϜ͕͋Ε্ख͘Εͦ͏ w
1ZUIPO 1)1ͷݟ w ܕऍܾΊͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ w ܕݕࠪثผπʔϧʹ͢Δ
ܕऍͷه๏ 3#4 w গͳ͘ͱϥΠϒϥϦͷܕΛॻ͘ํ๏͕ඞཁ w ܕݕࠪπʔϧ͕ͦΕͧΕʹ༻ҙ͢Δͷ͔ͳΓݫ͍͠ w ϥϯλΠϜͷݕ͕ࠪͰ͖Δ͚ͩͰͦΕͳΓʹخ͍͠Ͱʁ w ιʔείʔυʹຒΊࠐΉߏจ࠾༻͠ͳ͍
ΈࠐΈͷܕऍߏจʢෆ࠾༻ʣ class Box extend T::Sig extend T::Generic Elem = type_member
sig {returns(Elem)} # @type var box: Box[Integer] box = Box.new box.x = "hello" &NCFEEFE%4- 4PSCFU $PNNFOUT 4UFFQ class Box [A] def value: A; ...; end def value=(value: A): A; ...; end end a: Box[Integer] = Box.new
ͦΕͳΓʹϦονͳܕ w λϓϧɺϨίʔυ [Integer, Symbol] w Ϧςϥϧܕ 1, "hello", :world
w 6OJPOUZQFT Integer | String w 0QUJPOBMUZQFTɺ(FOFSJDTʜ Array[String]? w յΕ͍ͯΔͷJODPNQBUJCMF incompatible def select: [A] () { (Elem) -> A
μοΫλΠϐϯά w JOUFSGBDFΛఆٛͯ͠ɺཁٻ͞ΕΔϝιουͷू߹Λॻ͘ w ϝιου͕͋Δ͔ͳ͍͔Ͱݕࠪ͞ΕΔ interface _Push def <<: (String)
-> void end def foo: (_Push) -> void def foo(a) a << "hello" end foo [] foo "" foo 3 # Τϥʔ
࣮ߦ࣌ݕ͚ࠪͩͰ w γάωνϟΛॻ͍ͨΒɺϢχοτςετͰςετ͢Δํ๏Λఏڙ w ϝιουݺͼग़͠ͷલޙʹܕݕࠪΛૠೖ w IUUQTSIDDPOOQBTTDPNFWFOU $ RBS_TEST_TARGET='Goodcheck::*' \
RBS_TEST_RAISE=true \ RUBYOPT='-rbundler/setup -rruby/signature/test/setup' \ RBS_TEST_OPT='-rset -rpathname -Isig' \ bundle exec rake test
IUUQTHJUIVCDPNTJEFSHPPEDIFDLUSFFSCT
·ͱΊ w 4PGUUZQJOHΈ͍ͨʹਪΛؤுΔͷ߹ཧతͰͳ͍ w ܕΛॻ͔ͳ͍ͷݫ͍͠ w ਓؒܕΛॻ͘ʢ͜͜ͰಘΒΕͨݟʣ w 3VCZͷͨΊͷܕ w
ΘΓͱϦονͳܕ(FOFSJDTɺ6OJPOUZQFTɺ'MPXTFOTJUJWFUZQJOH w μοΫλΠϐϯάؤுΔʢߏత෦ܕʣ
w <$BSUXSJHIU >3$BSUXSJHIUBOE.'BHBO4PGUUZQJOH w <.BUTVNPUP >4.BUTVNPUPBOE:.JOBNJEF5ZQF*OGFSFODFGPS3VCZ 1SPHSBNTCBTFEPO1PMZNPSQIJD3FDPSE5ZQFT w <+FOTFO >4)+FOTFOBOE".MMFSBOE15IJFNBOO
5ZQF"OBMZTJTGPS +BWB4DSJQU w <4JFL >+4JFLBOE85BIB (SBEVBM5ZQJOHGPS0CKFDUT w <)PDITUBEU >45)PDITUBEU 5ZQFE4DIFNF'SPN4DSJQUTUP1SPHSBNT w