PHP's Not Dead - PHP7 In Practice

Transcript

1. szymanskilukasz PHP7 in practice szymanskilukasz
2. szymanskilukasz Łukasz Szymański Development Team Lead at @szymanskilukasz https://www.linkedin.com/in/szymanskilukasz https://twitter.com/szymanskilukasz https://speakerdeck.com/szymanskilukasz
3. szymanskilukasz About OLX
4. szymanskilukasz 40+ Countries
5. szymanskilukasz +260 Milion Monthly Active Users
6. szymanskilukasz 25 Milion Monthly Listings
7. szymanskilukasz 8,5 Milion Monthly Transactions
8. szymanskilukasz 4 mld Page Views Monthly in Poland
9. szymanskilukasz Migration
10. szymanskilukasz // PHP 5 era code that will break.
 function handler(Exception $e) { ... }
 set_exception_handler('handler');
 
 // PHP 5 and 7 compatible.
 function handler($e) { ... }
 
 // PHP 7 only.
 function handler(Throwable $e) { ... }
11. szymanskilukasz Memcached Memcache
12. szymanskilukasz $factory = new CacheWrapperFactory();
 $factory->createServer(
 extension_loaded('memcache') 
 ? 'memcache' : 'memcached',
 $uri
 );
13. szymanskilukasz Memcache Serializer != Memcached Serializer
14. szymanskilukasz memory object serialized by memcache serialization / deserialization application memcache memcached serialize deserialize x
15. szymanskilukasz Question Time
16. szymanskilukasz Restart
17. szymanskilukasz APC
18. szymanskilukasz APC is opcode cache and data store
19. szymanskilukasz APC is opcode cache and data store APCu is only data store
20. szymanskilukasz APC is opcode cache and data store APCu is only data store OPcache is only opcode cache
21. szymanskilukasz APCu is APC stripped of opcode caching. APC is opcode cache and data store APCu is only data store OPcache is only opcode cache
22. szymanskilukasz APCu Backward Compatible https://pecl.php.net/package/apcu_bc
23. szymanskilukasz Issues with libs PHP7 support in general
24. szymanskilukasz We were ready
25. szymanskilukasz Promises
26. szymanskilukasz source: http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
27. szymanskilukasz source: http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
28. szymanskilukasz source: http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
29. szymanskilukasz source: http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic
30. szymanskilukasz Effects
31. szymanskilukasz 20 Physical Servers 32 CPU Cores for Apache OLX.PL
32. szymanskilukasz CPU
33. szymanskilukasz CPU ~ 50% -> 20%
34. szymanskilukasz Load
35. szymanskilukasz Load ~ 16 -> 5
36. szymanskilukasz Now we can use 7 of them for something else OLX.PL
37. szymanskilukasz Business
38. szymanskilukasz Performance deep dive
39. szymanskilukasz Memory Optimization
40. szymanskilukasz Reduce Number Of Allocations
41. szymanskilukasz Reduce Number Of Allocations PHP5 spends 20% of CPU time in allocator
42. szymanskilukasz Reduce Memory Usage
43. szymanskilukasz CPU L1D L2 L3 RAM 32KB 256KB few MB 1ns 4ns 12ns 100ns
44. szymanskilukasz Reduce Indirection
45. szymanskilukasz Pointer points to pointer etc.
46. szymanskilukasz Code
47. szymanskilukasz Scalar type declarations
48. szymanskilukasz class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers($a, $b) {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats($a, $b) {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString($a) {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue($a) {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 } PHP5
49. szymanskilukasz class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(MyInteger $a, MyInteger $b) {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(MyFloat $a, MyFloat $b) {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(MyString $a) {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue($a) {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 } PHP5 + Value Objects
50. szymanskilukasz PHP7 class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 }
51. szymanskilukasz
52. szymanskilukasz Not Really
53. szymanskilukasz PHP7 class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 }
54. szymanskilukasz PHP7 $php = new PHPisNotDead(); 
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); // int(6)
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4')); // double(7.4)
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345)); // string(5) "54321"
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37)); // string(3) "yes"
55. szymanskilukasz PHP7 $php = new PHPisNotDead(); 
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); // int(6)
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4')); // double(7.4)
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345)); // string(5) "54321"
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37)); // string(3) "yes" WTF?
56. szymanskilukasz PHP7 $php = new PHPisNotDead(); 
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); // int(6)
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4')); // double(7.4)
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345)); // string(5) "54321"
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37)); // string(3) "yes" Coercive Mode (default)
57. szymanskilukasz public function addIntegers(int $a,int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 } 
 public function addIntegers($a, $b) { 
 $a = (int) $a; 
 $b = (int) $b; 
 return (int) ($a + $b);
 } PHP7
58. szymanskilukasz public function addIntegers(int $a,int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 } 
 public function addIntegers($a, $b) { 
 $a = (int) $a; 
 $b = (int) $b; 
 return (int) ($a + $b);
 } PHP7
59. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types=1);
60. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types=1); class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 } PHPisNotDead.php
61. szymanskilukasz
62. szymanskilukasz Not Even Close
63. szymanskilukasz index.php require "PHPisNotDead.php";
 
 $php = new PHPisNotDead();
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); // int(6)
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4')); // double(7.4)
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345)); // string(5) "54321"
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37)); // string(3) "yes"
64. szymanskilukasz index.php require "PHPisNotDead.php";
 
 $php = new PHPisNotDead();
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); // int(6)
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4')); // double(7.4)
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345)); // string(5) "54321"
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37)); // string(3) "yes" WTF2?
65. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types=1); class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 } PHPisNotDead.php
66. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types=1); class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 } PHPisNotDead.php
67. szymanskilukasz PHPisNotDead.php declare (strict_types = 1);
 
 class PHPisNotDead
 {
 public function addIntegers(int $a, int $b) : int {
 return (string) ($a + $b);
 }
 
 public function addFloats(float $a, float $b) : float {
 return $a + $b;
 }
 
 public function reverseString(string $a) : string {
 return strrev($a);
 }
 
 public function isItTrue(bool $a) : string {
 return $a ? 'yes' : 'no';
 }
 }
68. szymanskilukasz Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Return value of PHPisNotDead::addIntegers() must be of the type integer, string returned
69. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types = 1);
 
 require "PHPisNotDead.php";
 
 $php = new PHPisNotDead();
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7));
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4'));
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345));
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37));
70. szymanskilukasz declare (strict_types = 1);
 
 require "PHPisNotDead.php";
 
 $php = new PHPisNotDead();
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7));
 var_dump($php->addFloats(4, '3.4'));
 var_dump($php->reverseString(12345));
 var_dump($php->isItTrue(21.37));
71. szymanskilukasz TypeError: Argument 1 passed to PHPisNotDead::addIntegers() must be of the type integer, float given
72. szymanskilukasz Errors & Exceptions
73. szymanskilukasz $php = new PHPisNotDead();
 try {
 var_dump($php->addIntegers(1.3, 5.7)); } catch (TypeError $error) {
 echo $error->getMessage();
 } catch (Error $error) {
 echo $error->getMessage();
 } catch (Exception $exception) {
 echo $exception->getMessage();
 } catch (Throwable $throwable) {
 echo $throwable->getMessage();
 }
74. szymanskilukasz (float)
75. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "php");
76. szymanskilukasz PHP5.6 ? var_dump((float) "php");
77. szymanskilukasz PHP5.6 float(0) var_dump((float) "php");
78. szymanskilukasz PHP5.6 float(0) PHP7.0 ? var_dump((float) "php");
79. szymanskilukasz PHP5.6 float(0) PHP7.0 var_dump((float) "php"); float(0)
80. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "nananana");
81. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "nananana"); PHP5.6 ?
82. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "nananana"); PHP5.6 float(0)
83. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "nananana"); PHP5.6 float(0) PHP7.0 ?
84. szymanskilukasz var_dump((float) "nananana"); PHP5.6 float(0) PHP7.0 float(NAN)
85. szymanskilukasz Future
86. szymanskilukasz http://php.net/supported-versions.php
87. szymanskilukasz PHP7.1
88. szymanskilukasz Void Return Type
89. szymanskilukasz function should_return_nothing(): void {
 return 1; // Fatal error: A void function must not return a value
 }
 
 function lacks_return(): void {
 // valid
 }
 
 function returns_nothing(): void {
 return; // valid
 }
 
 function returns_null(): void {
 return null; // Fatal error: A void function must not return a value
 }
 
 function foobar(void $foo) {}
 // Fatal error: void cannot be used as a parameter type
90. szymanskilukasz checked at compile-time error is produced without the function needing to be called.
91. szymanskilukasz Class Constant Visibility
92. szymanskilukasz class Token {
 // Constants default to public
 const PUBLIC_CONST = 0;
 
 // Constants then also can have a defined visibility
 private const PRIVATE_CONST = 0;
 protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 0;
 public const PUBLIC_CONST_TWO = 0;
 
 //Constants can only have one visibility declaration list
 private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2;
 }
93. szymanskilukasz //Interfaces only support public consts, // and a compile time error will be thrown // for anything else. // Mirroring the behavior of methods. 
 interface ICache {
 public const PUBLIC = 0;
 const IMPLICIT_PUBLIC = 1;
 }
94. szymanskilukasz Nullable Types
95. szymanskilukasz function answer(): ?int {
 return null; //ok
 }
 
 function answer(): ?int {
 return 42; // ok
 }
 
 function answer(): ?int {
 return new stdclass(); // error
 }
96. szymanskilukasz function say(?string $msg) {
 if ($msg) {
 echo $msg;
 }
 }
 
 say('hello'); // ok -- prints hello
 say(null); // ok -- does not print
 say(); // error -- missing parameter
 say(new stdclass); //error -- bad type
97. szymanskilukasz // nullability can be removed by a subclass interface Fooable {
 function foo(): ?Fooable;
 }
 interface StrictFooable extends Fooable {
 function foo(): Fooable; // valid
 }
98. szymanskilukasz // but it cannot be added interface Fooable {
 function foo(): Fooable;
 }
 interface LooseFooable extends Fooable {
 function foo(): ?Fooable; // invalid
 }
99. szymanskilukasz // Valid use: loosening the nullable marker // in a parameter: 
 interface Fooable {
 function foo(Fooable $f);
 }
 interface LooseFoo extends Fooable {
 function foo(?Fooable $f);
 }
100. szymanskilukasz // Invalid use: tightening // the nullable marker in a parameter:
 interface Fooable {
 function foo(?Fooable $f);
 }
 interface StrictFoo extends Fooable {
 function foo(Fooable $f);
 }
101. szymanskilukasz Iterable pseudo-type
102. szymanskilukasz // If a value is not an array or instance of Traversable,
 // a TypeError will be thrown.
 function foo(iterable $iterable) {
 foreach ($iterable as $value) {
 // ...
 }
 }
 
 // If the returned value is not an array
 // or instance of Traversable, a TypeError will be thrown.
 function bar(): iterable {
 return [1, 2, 3];
 }
 
 // Parameters declared as iterable
 // may use null or an array as a default value
 function foo(iterable $iterable = []) {
 // ...
 }
103. szymanskilukasz Under Discussion
104. szymanskilukasz Class Friendship Created 2015/12/10
105. szymanskilukasz class Person
 {
 friend HumanResourceReport;
 
 protected $id;
 protected $firstName;
 protected $lastName;
 
 public function __construct($id, $firstName, $lastName)
 {
 $this->id = $id;
 $this->firstName = $firstName;
 $this->lastName = $lastName;
 }
 
 public function makeReport()
 {
 return new HumanResourceReport($this);
 }
 }
106. szymanskilukasz class HumanResourceReport
 {
 private $person;
 
 public function __construct(Person $person)
 {
 $this->person = $person;
 }
 
 public function getFullName()
 {
 // HumanResourceReport would not have access to protected 
 // members of Person if not explicitly listed as a friend.
 return $this->person->firstName . ' ' . $this->person->lastName;
 }
 
 public function getReportIdentifier()
 {
 return "HR_REPORT_ID_{$this->person->id}";
 }
 }
107. szymanskilukasz class HumanResourceReport
 {
 private $person;
 
 public function __construct(Person $person)
 {
 $this->person = $person;
 }
 
 public function getFullName()
 {
 // HumanResourceReport would not have access to protected 
 // members of Person if not explicitly listed as a friend.
 return $this->person->firstName . ' ' . $this->person->lastName;
 }
 
 public function getReportIdentifier()
 {
 return "HR_REPORT_ID_{$this->person->id}";
 }
 }
108. szymanskilukasz $person = new Person(Uuid::uuid4(), 'Alice', 'Wonderland');
 $report = $person->makeReport();
 
 var_dump($report->getFullName()); 
 // string(16) "Alice Wonderland"
 var_dump($report->getReportIdentifier()); 
 // string(49) "HR_REPORT_ID_3F2504E0-4F89-41D3-9A0C-0305E82C3301"
109. szymanskilukasz Named Parameters Created 2013/09/06
110. szymanskilukasz // Using positional arguments:
 array_fill(0, 100, 42);
 // Using named arguments:
 array_fill(start_index => 0, num => 100, value => 42);
111. szymanskilukasz htmlspecialchars($string, default, default, false);
 // vs
 htmlspecialchars($string, double_encode => false);
 
 $str->contains("foo", true);
 // vs
 $str->contains("foo", caseInsensitive => true);
112. szymanskilukasz Generic Types and Functions Created 2015/04/28
113. szymanskilukasz class Entry<KeyType, ValueType>
 {
 protected $key;
 protected $value;
 
 public function __construct(KeyType $key, ValueType $value)
 {
 $this->key = $key;
 $this->value = $value;
 }
 
 public function getKey(): KeyType
 {
 return $this->key;
 }
 
 public function getValue(): ValueType
 {
 return $this->value;
 }
 }
114. szymanskilukasz class Entry<KeyType, ValueType>
 {
 protected $key;
 protected $value;
 
 public function __construct(KeyType $key, ValueType $value)
 {
 $this->key = $key;
 $this->value = $value;
 }
 
 public function getKey(): KeyType
 {
 return $this->key;
 }
 
 public function getValue(): ValueType
 {
 return $this->value;
 }
 }
115. szymanskilukasz $entry = new Entry<int,string>(1, 'test');
 
 $entry = new Entry(1, 'test');
116. szymanskilukasz In Draft
117. szymanskilukasz Immutable classes and properties
118. szymanskilukasz class Email {
 private $_email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->_email = $email;
 }
 
 public function getValue() {
 return $this->_email;
 }
 }
119. szymanskilukasz immutable class Email {
 public $email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->email = $email;
 }
 }
120. szymanskilukasz immutable class Email {
 public $email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->email = $email;
 }
 }
121. szymanskilukasz immutable class Email {
 public $email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->email = $email;
 }
 }
122. szymanskilukasz immutable class Email {
 public $email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->email = $email;
 }
 }
 
 $email = new Email("foo@php.net");
 $email->email = "bar@php.net" // Call will result in Fatal Error
123. szymanskilukasz class Email {
 public immutable $email;
 
 public function __construct ($email) {
 // validation
 
 $this->email = $email;
 }
 }
 
 $email = new Email("foo@php.net");
 $email->email = "bar@php.net" // Call will result in Fatal Error
124. szymanskilukasz Property type-hints
125. szymanskilukasz class BoxedInt {
 public int $value;
 }
 
 $i = new BoxedInt();
 $i->value = 'oops'; 
 // Catchable fatal error:
 // property BoxedInt::$value must be of
 // the type integer, string given
126. szymanskilukasz
127. szymanskilukasz Performance
128. szymanskilukasz Code Quality
129. szymanskilukasz Bright Future
130. szymanskilukasz Łukasz Szymański Development Team Lead at @szymanskilukasz https://www.linkedin.com/in/szymanskilukasz https://twitter.com/szymanskilukasz https://speakerdeck.com/szymanskilukasz
131. szymanskilukasz http://www.slideshare.net/nikita_ppv/php-7-what-changed-internally-php-barcelona-2015 http://www.phpinternalsbook.com/ resources http://php.net/manual/en/migration70.new-features.php https://wiki.php.net/ http://www.zend.com/en/resources/php7_infographic