【改訂版】PHP7で堅牢なコードを書く - 例外処理、表明プログラミング、契約による設計 / PHP Conference 2016 Revised

ʲվగ൛ʳ 1)1Ͱݎ࿚ͳίʔυΛॻ͘ ྫ֎ॲཧɺද໌ϓϩάϥϛϯάɺܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭ ࿨ా୎ਓ !U@XBEB %FD !1)1ΧϯϑΝϨϯε࠶ԋ

࿨ా୎ਓ JEUXBEB !U@XBEB HJUIVCUXBEB

ひとり歩きするスタンド ஫Ͱ΋ࠓ೔͸ςετͷ࿩͸͠·ͤΜ

class BugRepository { public static function findAll($params) { global $CONF;
$pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } } print_r(BugRepository::findAll([ 'assignedTo' => '12', 'status' => 'OPEN' ])); ஫ʰ42-ΞϯνύλʔϯʱͷͻͲ͍ ίʔυྫΛΞϨϯδͯ͠ॻ͍͍ͯ·͢ ɹͱ͋Δͱ͜Ζʹɺ͜Μͳίʔυ͕͋Γ·ͨ͠ # " %

$ php example.php Array ( [0] => Bug Object (
[bug_id] => 842 [summary] => 保存処理でクラッシュする [date_reported] => 2016-10-26 ) [1] => Bug Object ( [bug_id] => 5150 [summary] => XMLのサポート [date_reported] => 2016-10-26 ) [2] => Bug Object ( [bug_id] => 6060 [summary] => パフォーマンスの向上 [date_reported] => 2016-10-26 ) ) ɹॲཧ͕੒ޭ͢Δͱɺ͜Μͳײ͡ɻ

ಥવͰ͕͢ ͜͜Ͱ ΫΠζͰ͢

public static function findAll($params) { global $CONF; $pdo = new
PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ⏰੍ݶ࣌ؒඵ ɹॲཧࣦഊͷݪҼʹͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δͷ͸Ͳͷߦ # " %

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } # " % σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } # " % ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ ͜͜Ͱ σʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ Fatal error: Call to a member function execute() on a non-object

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } # " % QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ ͜͜Ͱ σʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } # " % #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ͜͜Ͱ σʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ˞ઃఆʹΑΔ

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ɹॲཧࣦഊͷݪҼʹͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δͷ͸Ͳͷߦ # " % ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ͑ͬɺ͜Μͳʹ͋Δͷ

ɹ͜ͷͳ͔Ͱ΋ಛʹखڧ͍ঢ়گ͸ͲΕ σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ

ɹࢲݟͰ͸QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக public static function findAll($params) { global $CONF; $pdo =
new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக # " %

$ php example.php PHP Warning: PDOStatement::execute(): SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number:
parameter was not defined in example.php Array ( ) ɹΩʔ໊΍਺Λؒҧ࣮͑ͯߦ͢ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔ ཪͰͬͦ͜Γܯࠂ͕ग़Δ͚ͩͳͷ ۭ഑ྻ͕ฦͬͯ͘Δͷ ਖ਼ৗܥͱݟ෼͚͕͔ͭͳ͘ͳ͍

ෆ۩߹ͷൃݟ͕ ஗ΕΕ͹஗ΕΔ΄Ͳ ই͸ਂ͘ͳΔ IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM

PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ɹॲཧࣦഊͷݪҼʹͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δͷ͸Ͳͷߦ # " % ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ݱ࣮ੈք΁Α͏ͦ͜

lݡ໌ͳιϑτ΢ΣΞٕज़ऀʹ ͳΔͨΊͷୈҰา͸ɺಈ͘ϓϩ άϥϜΛॻ͘͜ͱͱਖ਼͍͠ϓϩ άϥϜΛద੾ʹ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱͷ ҧ͍Λೝࣝ͢Δ͜ͱz ."+BDLTPO

ɹݎ࿚ͳίʔυ͸Ҏ্͕ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά

Agenda ୈ෦༧๷తϓϩάϥϛϯά ୈ෦߈ܸతϓϩάϥϛϯά ୈ෦ܖ໿ϓϩάϥϛϯά

ɹࣦഊͷݪҼʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑࢝ΊΑ͏ ❔σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ ❔AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ❔ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ ❔QBSBNT͕OVMM ❔QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக ❔QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ ❔#VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ❔్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ

σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹࣦഊͷݪҼΛΧςΰϦ෼͚ͯ͠ΈΔ

σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹؒҧͬͨ࢖ΘΕํΛ͞Ε΍͍͢ɺͱ͍͏໰୊͕͋Γͦ͏

ରॲ༧๷ ༧๷తϓϩάϥϛϯά

w ʮ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯάʯͱ͸ɺϓϩάϥϛϯάʹ ରͯ͠๷ޚతʹͳΔ͜ͱɺͭ·Γʮͦ͏ͳΔ͸ͣ ͩʯͱܾΊ͚ͭͳ͍͜ͱ w ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯάͷࠜఈʹ͋Δͷ͸ɺϧʔνϯ ʹෆਖ਼ͳσʔλ͕౉͞Εͨͱ͖ʹɺͦΕ͕ଞͷϧʔ νϯͷ͍ͤͰ͋ͬͨͱͯ͠΋ɺඃ֐Λड͚ͳ͍Α͏ ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ w
͜ͷͨΊɺ w ֎෦ιʔε͔Βͷσʔλͷ஋Λ͢΂ͯ֬ೝ͢Δ w ϧʔνϯͷ͢΂ͯͷೖྗҾ਺ͷ஋Λ֬ೝ͢Δ w ෆਖ਼ͳೖྗΛॲཧ͢Δํ๏Λܾఆ͢Δ ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯά

ڱٛͷ ๷ޚతϓϩά ϥϛϯά΁ͷޡղ

public static function findAll($params) { if (is_null($params)) { throw new
InvalidArgumentException('params should not be null'); } if (!is_array($params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be an array'); } if (count($params) !== 2) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be have exact two items'); } if (!array_key_exists('assignedTo', $params) || !array_key_exists('status', $params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should have key àssignedTo` and `status` only'); } if (!is_int($params['assignedTo'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[àssignedTo`] should be an integer'); } if (!is_string($params['status'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be a string'); } if (!in_array($params['status'], ['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in ÒPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } global $CONF; $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); ɹͨͩͻͨ͢ΒೖྗΛνΣοΫ͠Α͏ͱͨ͠Γ # " %

global $CONF; $dsn = $CONF['dsn'] ?? $CONF['ds'] ?? $CONF['dataSource']; $user
= $CONF['usr'] ?? $CONF['user']; $password = $CONF['passwd'] ?? $CONF['password']; $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password, [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $safeParams = [ 'assignedTo' => $params['assignedTo'] ?? $params['assigned_to'], 'status' => $params['status'] ?? 'OPEN', ]; $stmt->execute($safeParams); $className = class_exists('Bug') ? 'Bug' : 'BugModel'; return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, $className); ɹෆਖ਼ͳೖྗ͕͋ͬͯ΋ࣗ෼ͰͳΜͱ͔͠Α͏ͱͨ͠Γ # " %

/** * 担当者, ステータスに合致する Bug を検索し、ヒットした全件を Bug オブジェクトの配列として返す。 *
* @param array $params 格納した検索条件の連想配列。キー `assignedTo` にユーザID をintで, キー `status` にステータス文字列をstringで指定すること。キー、値それぞれNULLは不可とする。 * @return Bug[] 検索結果を Bug オブジェクトにマッピングして返す。検索結果が0件のときは空配列を返す。 */ public static function findAll($params) { global $CONF; $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); ɹυΩϡϝϯτͰؒҧ͍΍͢͞Λิ͓͏ͱͨ͠Γ # " %

๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯάͱ͸ ѱ͍ίʔυʹឺ૑ߣΛ͋ͯ Δ͜ͱͰ͸ͳ͍

w ʮ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯάʯͱ͸ɺ໰୊ൃੜΛ ࣄલʹ๷͝͏ͱ͍͏ίʔσΟϯάελΠϧ w Մಡੑͷߴ͍ίʔυͱద੾ͳ໋໊نଇ w શͯͷؔ਺ͷ໭Γ஋ΛνΣοΫ w σβΠϯύλʔϯͷ࠾༻ w
ཁ͢Δʹɺྑࣝ͋Δ࣮ફͷੵΈॏͶͰ͋Δ w ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯά͸ɺਖ਼͍͠ίʔυ࡞੒ ͷͨΊͷن཯ΛϓϩάϥϚ͕Ұ؏ͯ͠ద༻͢ ΔͨΊͷҰछͷίʔσΟϯάඪ४ ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯά

wྑ͍ΠϯλϑΣʔεͱ͸࣍ͷͭͷ ৚݅Λຬͨ͢ΠϯλϑΣʔε wਖ਼͘͠࢖༻͢Δํ͕ૢ࡞ϛεΛ ͢ΔΑΓ؆୯ wޡͬͨ࢖͍ํΛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉ ͖ͷ͜ਖ਼͍͠࢖͍ํΛ؆୯ʹɺ ޡͬͨ࢖͍ํΛࠔ೉ʹ

ܕͷ੍ݶ ܕએݴ

lʮग़དྷͯ͸ͳΒ͵͜ͱΛې͡Δʯͷ Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ͸͡Ί͔Βʮग़དྷ͍͍ͯ͜ ͱ͚ͩΛग़དྷΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δʯͱߟ͑Δ ͷͰ͢z ͖ͷ͜+ ݟ஌Β͵ਓͱ΋͏·͘΍Δʹ͸

public static function findAll(int $assignedTo, string $status) { if (is_null($params))
{ throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should not be null'); } if (!is_array($params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be an array'); } if (count($params) !== 2) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be have exact two items'); } if (!array_key_exists('assignedTo', $params) || !array_key_exists('status', $params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should have key àssignedTo` and `status` only'); } if (!is_int($params['assignedTo'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[àssignedTo`] should be an integer'); } if (!is_string($params['status'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be a string'); } if (!in_array($params['status'], ['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in ÒPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } ɹܕએݴʹΑͬͯʮग़དྷ͍͍ͯ͜ͱ͚ͩΛग़དྷΔʯΑ͏ʹ 1 ) 1

public static function findAll(int $assignedTo, string $status) { if (!in_array($status,
['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in `OPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } global $CONF; $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status, PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ɹ૝ఆ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ঢ়گ͕ݮͬͨ 1 ) 1 注: さらに堅くしたい場合は呼び出し側ファイルで厳密な型チェックを有効にする declare(strict_types=1);

஋ͷ੍ݶ &OVN

͖ͷ͜ ؔ਺ͷʮαΠζʯΛখ͘͢͞Δ wݴޠ૊ΈࠐΈͷܕ JOU TUSJOH౳ Λ ࢖͏ͱɺऔΓಘΔ஋ͷ૊Έ߹Θ͕ͤ ๲େʹͳΔ w໰୊ྖҬͷ஌ࣝΛ׆༻ͯ͠ݻ༗ͷܕ Λ࡞Δ͜ͱͰɺऔΓಘΔ૊Έ߹Θͤ
Λେ෯ʹݮΒͤΔ

IUUQRJJUBDPN)JSBLVJUFNTFCEDBBGF

abstract class Enum { private $scalar; public function __construct($value) {
$ref = new ReflectionObject($this); $constants = $ref->getConstants(); if (!in_array($value, $constants, true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException("value [{$value}] is not defined"); } $this->scalar = $value; } final public function value() { return $this->scalar; } final public function __toString() { return (string)$this->scalar; } } ɹ)JSBLV͞Μͷ&OVN࣮૷Λ গ͠ΞϨϯδͯ͠ ࢖ͬͯΈΔ

final class Status extends Enum { const OPEN = 'OPEN';
const NEW = 'NEW'; const FIXED = 'FIXED'; } $status = new Status(Status::OPEN); $status = new Status('OPEN'); // "InvalidArgumentException: value [HOGE] is not defined" $status = new Status('HOGE'); ɹ͋Β͔͡Ίఆٛ͞Εͨ஋͚ͩΛΠϯελϯεԽͰ͖Δ

public static function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { if (!in_array($status,
['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in `OPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } global $CONF; $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ɹ૝ఆ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ঢ়گ͕͞Βʹݮͬͨ

σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹޡΓ΍͍͢ΠϯλʔϑΣΠεʹىҼ͢ΔॲཧࣦഊΛ๾໓
✔ ✔ ✔

σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹ࣍ͷ૬ख͸ɺ஌Γ͗͢ɺ੹຿ͷଟ͗͢ʹىҼ͢Δॲཧࣦഊ

஌Γ͗͢ͳ͍ ΍Γ͗͢ͳ͍ ੹຿ͷ࠶഑ஔ

class BugRepository { private $pdo; public function __construct(PDO $pdo) {
$this->pdo = $pdo; } // 以下省略 } // 設定者 (DI コンテナ等) $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, ]); $repo = new BugRepository($pdo); // 利用者 print_r($repo->findAll(12, new Status(Status::OPEN))); ɹ1%0ੜ੒ͱઃఆͷ੹຿Λ֎෦ʹग़͠ɺίϯετϥΫλͰड͚औΔ

σʔλϕʔε઀ଓཱࣦ֬ഊ AVTSA AQBTTXEA౳Ωʔ໊͕มߋ͞Εͨ ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ QBSBNT͕OVMM QBSBNTͷΩʔ໊΍਺ͷෆҰக QBSBNTͷ஋͕จࣈྻʹม׵ෆೳ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹ஌Γ͗͢ɺ੹຿ͷଟ͗͢ʹىҼ͢ΔॲཧࣦഊΛ๾໓
✔ ✔

InvalidArgumentException('params should not be null'); } if (!is_array($params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be an array'); } if (count($params) !== 2) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be have exact two items'); } if (!array_key_exists('assignedTo', $params) || !array_key_exists('status', $params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should have key àssignedTo` and `status` only'); } if (!is_int($params['assignedTo'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[àssignedTo`] should be an integer'); } if (!is_string($params['status'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be a string'); } if (!in_array($params['status'], ['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in ÒPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } global $CONF; if (!isset($CONF['dsn'])) { throw new LogicException('config key `dsn` not found'); } if (!isset($CONF['usr'])) { throw new LogicException('config key ùsr` not found'); } if (!isset($CONF['passwd'])) { throw new LogicException('config key `passwd` not found'); } $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); if (!class_exists('Bug')) { throw new LogicException('class `Bug` does not exist'); } return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } public function __construct(PDO $pdo) { $this->pdo = $pdo; } public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ୈ෦·ͱΊ༧๷ʹউΔ๷ޚͳ͠

ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ɹݱࡏͷ৺഑ࣄϦετ

GBJMGBTU ߈ܸతϓϩάϥϛϯά

w ίʔυதʹʮ͋Γಘͳ͍ʯͱࢥΘΕΔԿ͔ ͕ൃੜͨ͠৔߹ɺͦͷ࣌఺ͰϓϩάϥϜ͸ ΋͸΍࣮ߦՄೳͳ΋ͷͱ͸ͳ͍ͬͯͳ͍ w ԿΒ͔ͷ͍͕ٙ͋ΔͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺͲͷΑ͏ ͳ৔߹Ͱ΋଎΍͔ʹఀࢭͤ͞Δ΂͖ɻ௨ৗ ͷ৔߹ɺো֐Λ๊͑ͯத్൒୺ʹಈ͍͍ͯ ΔϓϩάϥϜΑΓ΋ࢮΜͩϓϩάϥϜͷ΄ ͏͕μϝʔδ͸গͳ͍
ώϯτૣΊʹΫϥογϡͤ͞Δ͜ͱ

IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM ো֐Λ๊͑ͯ த్൒୺ʹಈ͍͍ͯΔϓϩάϥϜΑΓ΋ ࢮΜͩϓϩάϥϜͷ΄͏͕ μϝʔδ͸গͳ͍

ͦΜͳʹؾָʹ γεςϜΛམͱͯ͠ ͍͍ͷ

w ࠷దͳΤϥʔॲཧ͸Τϥʔ͕ൃੜͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞ ͷछྨʹΑΓҟͳΔ w ਖ਼౰ੑͱ͸ɺෆਖ਼֬ͳ݁ՌΛܾͯ͠ฦ͞ͳ͍͜ͱΛ ҙຯ͢Δɻෆਖ਼֬ͳ݁ՌΛฦ͘͢Β͍ͳΒɺԿ΋ฦ ͞ͳ͍ํ͕·͠Ͱ͋Δ w ݎ࿚ੑͱ͸ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞͷ࣮ߦΛܧଓͰ͖ΔΑ͏ ʹखΛਚ͘͢͜ͱͰ͋ΔɻͦΕʹΑͬͯෆਖ਼͕֬݁
Ռ͕΋ͨΒ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕͋ͬͯ΋͔·Θͳ͍ w ҆શੑ ΍ਖ਼֬ੑ Λॏࢹ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ ͸ɺݎ࿚ੑΑΓ΋ਖ਼౰ੑ͕༏ઌ͞ΕΔ܏޲ʹ͋Δ w ίϯγϡʔϚΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ɺਖ਼౰ੑΑΓ΋ ݎ࿚ੑ͕༏ઌ͞ΕΔ܏޲ʹ͋Δ ݎ࿚ੑͱਖ਼౰ੑ

ݸʑͷΫϥε͸ਖ਼౰ੑΛॏࢹ͠ɺ ݎ࿚ੑ͸ΞʔΩςΫνϟϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ౳Ͱ อূ͢Δͷ͕Φεεϝ ྫݸʑͷΫϥε͸GBJMGBTUݪଇͰॻ͖ɺ8FC ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΍άϩʔόϧϋϯυϥ͕Ωϟον ͯ͠Τϥʔը໘౳Λग़͢੹຿Λෛ͏ ɹϛΫϩͰ͸ਖ਼౰ੑΛॏࢹ͠ɺϚΫϩͰ͸ݎ࿚ੑΛॏࢹ͢Δ

ʮ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ʯ ྫ֎తঢ়گʹରॲ ͢Δ

͖ͷ͜ ΤϥʔΛແࢹ͢Δͳ wΤϥʔΛແࢹͯ͠΋Կ΋ྑ͍͜ͱ͸ແ͍ wෆ҆ఆͳίʔυ wηΩϡϦςΟ্໰୊ͷ͋Δίʔυ wශऑͳߏ଄ͱΠϯλʔϑΣΠε wͲ͏͢Δ w໭Γ஋Λ࢖͏ wྫ֎Λ࢖͏

public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { $sql = 'SELECT
bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; if (($stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql)) !== false) { if ($stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT) !== false) { if ($stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR) !== false) { if ($stmt->execute() !== false) { if (($bugs = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class)) !== false) { return $bugs; } } } } } return false; } ɹ1%0Τϥʔ࣌ͷ໭Γ஋ GBMTF ΛνΣοΫ͢Δ # " % ೾ಈݓ NJYFEฦ͠

bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; if (($stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql)) === false) { $error = $this->pdo->errorInfo(); report_error('prepare: ' . $error[2]); return false; } if ($stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT) === false) { $error = $stmt->errorInfo(); report_error('bindValue: ' . $error[2]); return false; } if ($stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR) === false) { $error = $stmt->errorInfo(); report_error('bindValue: ' . $error[2]); return false; } if ($stmt->execute() === false) { $error = $stmt->errorInfo(); report_error('execute: ' . $error[2]); return false; } if (($bugs = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class)) === false) { $error = $stmt->errorInfo(); report_error('fetchAll: ' . $error[2]); return false; } return $bugs; } ɹ໭Γ஋ GBMTF ΛνΣοΫͯ͠ૣظϦλʔϯ # " % ஫SFQPSU@FSSPS͸ϩάʹग़ࣗ͢࡞ؔ਺ NJYFEฦ͠

໭Γ஋ͷऑ఺ ໭Γ஋͸ ɹίʔυ͕ංେԽ͕ͪ͠ ɹແࢹ͞Ε΍͍͢ ɹͨͱ͑ॏେͳ໰୊͕જΜͰ͍ͯ ΋ɺ໭Γ஋͚ͩͰ͸఻ΘΓʹ͍͘ ࣮ࡍ$ݴޠͷؔ਺ͷ໭Γ஋ͷதʹ͸ʮແࢹ͢Δͷ͕ී ௨ʯͱ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ͑͋͞Δ

ෆ۩߹ͷൃݟ͕ ஗ΕΕ͹஗ΕΔ΄Ͳ ই͸ਂ͘ͳΔ IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM

PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION それだ!! 1%0Λྫ֎Ϟʔυʹ͠Α͏ IUUQQIQOFUNBOVBMKBQEPFSSPSIBOEMJOHQIQ

bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } // 設定者 $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, ]); $repo = new BugRepository($pdo); ɹGBMTFͷ୅ΘΓʹ1%0&YDFQUJPO͕ൃੜ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ $ php example.php PHP Fatal error: Uncaught PDOException: SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column 'date_reported' in 'field list' in /path/ to/example.php:63

wྫ֎ͷ࠷େͷར఺͸ɺແࢹͰ͖ͳ͍ ํ๏ͰΤϥʔঢ়ଶΛ஌ΒͤΔ͜ͱͰ ͋Δ ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ೖ໳ୈ൛ wྫ֎ΛނҙʹѲΓͭͿ͢͜ͱ͸Մೳ ͕ͩɺͦ͏͍͏ίʔυ͕ॻ͔Ε͍ͯ Δͱ͖͸ɺॻ͖खͷ࢟੎ʹ໰୊͕͋ Δͱ͙͢ʹΘ͔Δ ͖ͷ͜
ྫ֎ͷར఺

ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ✔ ɹݱࡏͷ৺഑ࣄϦετ ͕ͩɺͪΐͬͱ଴ͬͯ΄͍͠

ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ΋͠΋1%0͕ྫ֎ϞʔυͰͳ͔ͬͨΒ ɹ҉໧ͷલఏ͕ՃΘΓɺ৺഑ࣄ͕૿͍͑ͯͳ͍͔ ✔

҉໧ͷલఏΛ໌ࣔ͠ όάΛ͋ͿΓग़͢ ද໌ϓϩάϥϛϯά

ʮى͜Δ͸͕ͣͳ͍ʯͱࢥͬͯ ͍Δ͜ͱ͕͋Ε͹ɺͦΕΛνΣο Ϋ͢ΔίʔυΛ௥Ճͯͩ͘͠͞ ͍ɻද໌ BTTFSUJPO Λ༻͍Δͷ ͕࠷΋؆୯ͳํ๏Ͱ͢ ώϯτ΋͠ى͜Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺ ද໌Λ༻͍ͯͦΕΛอূ͢Δ͜ͱ

1)1ͷBTTFSU 1 ) 1 IUUQQIQOFUNBOVBMKBGVODUJPOBTTFSUQIQ

public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) === PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); ɹൃੜͨ͠҉໧ͷલఏΛBTTFSUʹධՁࣜͰॻ͖ɺ໌ࣔ͢Δ あらたに PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION に依存するようになったことを assert で明示する

$ php example.php PHP Warning: assert(): assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) === PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION) failed
in /path/to/example.php on line 59 PHP Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to a member function bindValue() on boolean in /path/to/example.php:63 ɹͬͦ͘͞ද໌ೖΓͷίʔυΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ΈΔ ධՁ͕ࣜग़ͯΘ͔Γ΍͍͢ Ͱ΋ܯࠂ͕ग़Δ͚ͩͰɺམͪͳ͍ མͪͳ͍ͷͰͦͷઌͰผͷΤϥʔʹͳͬͨ 1 ) 1

1)1ͷBTTFSUͷઃఆ 1 ) 1 PHP5 との互換性を保つためデフォルトでは警告になっている。つまり php.ini で
assert.exception = 1 にすべし IUUQQIQOFUNBOVBMKBGVODUJPOBTTFSUQIQ

$ php example.php PHP Fatal error: Uncaught AssertionError: assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) ===
PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION) in /path/to/example.php:59 Stack trace: #0 /path/to/example.php(59): assert(false, 'assert($this->p...') #1 /path/to/example.php(75): BugRepository->findAll(12, Object(Status)) #2 {main} thrown in /path/to/example.php on line 59 ɹBTTFSUFYDFQUJPOʹͯ͠࠶࣮ߦ ͖ͪΜͱද໌ҧ൓ͰམͪΔ Α͏ʹͳͬͨ 1 ) 1

w ද໌͸ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͱσόοάͷπʔϧͱ ͯ͠ಇ͘ w ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷ؍఺Ͱ͸ɺද໌Λॻ͘͜ͱ ʹΑͬͯɺͦͷίʔυΛॻ͍ͨͱ͖ͷલఏΛίʔ υͷಡΈख͕ཧղ͠΍͘͢ͳΔ w σόοάͷ؍఺Ͱ͸ɺόάΛͦͷݪҼʹ͍ۙͱ͜ ΖͰൃݟ͠΍͘͢ͳΔ
w ςετίʔυΛॻ͍ͯ͋Ε͹ɺσόοάͷࢧԉ͸ ͞΄ͲॏཁͰ͸ͳ͍͕ɺͦΕͰ΋ίϛϡχέʔ γϣϯͷ؍఺ʹ͓͚Δද໌ͷՁ஋͸ɺґવͱͯ͠ ༗ޮ ද໌ͷϝϦοτ

ྫ֎ͱද໌ͷ࢖͍෼͚ w ຊདྷͷΤϥʔॲཧʹද໌Λ࢖ͬͯ͸͍ ͚·ͤΜɻද໌͸ى͜Γಘͳ͍͜ͱΛ νΣοΫ͢ΔͨΊͷ΋ͷͰ͢ ৽૷൛ ୡਓϓϩάϥϚʔ w ൃੜ͕༧૝͞ΕΔঢ়گʹ͸Τϥʔॲཧ
ίʔυΛ࢖༻͠ɺൃੜͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ ঢ়گʹ͸ΞαʔγϣϯΛ࢖༻͢Δ $0%&$0.1-&5&ୈ൛

w͋·Γʹ΋๷ޚతͳϓϩάϥϛϯ ά΋ɺͦΕ͸ͦΕͰ໰୊ wҾ਺Λߟ͑ΒΕΔݶΓͷ৔ॴͰ ߟ͑ΒΕΔݶΓͷํ๏ͰνΣο Ϋ͢Ε͹ɺϓϩάϥϜ͸ංେԽ ͠௿଎ʹͳΔ BTTFSUJPOΛೖΕ͗͢Δͱ ௿଎ʹͳΔͷͰ͸ʁ ʮ๷ޚతϓϩάϥϛϯάʹର͢Δ๷ޚʯΑΓ

ͦ͜Ͱ1)1Ͱ͢Α 1 ) 1 php.ini の zend.assertions で表明のオン/オフを制御できる IUUQQIQOFUNBOVBMKBGVODUJPOBTTFSUQIQ

ɹ[FOEBTTFSUJPOT ද໌Φϯ 1 ) 1 public function findAll(int $assignedTo,
Status $status) { assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) === PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql);

public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) === PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); ɹ[FOEBTTFSUJPOT ද໌Φϑ 1 ) 1 php.ini に zend.assertions = -1 と設定すれば表明を除去できる

ද໌ʹҾ͖౉͢৚݅ʹ͸෭࡞༻͕ ͋ͬͯ͸͍͚·ͤΜɻίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹ ද໌͕Φϑʹ͞ΕΔ৔߹΋͋Δͱ͍ ͏఺Λ๨Εͯ͸͍͚·ͤΜɻ ͭ·ΓBTTFSUதʹ͸࣮ߦʹඞཁͳ ίʔυΛهड़ͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍ͷͰ͢ ʮώϯτ΋͠ى͜Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷͰ͋Ε͹ɺද໌Λ༻͍ͯͦΕΛอূ͢Δ͜ͱʯΑΓ ɹΦϑʹ͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛҙࣝͯ͠ॻ͘ 副作用の例: assert(end($users));

w Ξαʔγϣϯ͸ɺQVCMJDϝιου಺ͷҾ਺νΣοΫ ʹ࢖༻͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ w Ҿ਺ͷνΣοΫ͸௨ৗɺϝιουͷ࢓༷ ·ͨ͸ن໿ ͷҰ෦ʹͳ͓ͬͯΓɺΞαʔγϣϯͷ༗ޮແޮʹ͔ ͔ΘΒͣɺ͜ͷ࢓༷ʹ४ڌ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷਖ਼͍͠ಈ࡞ʹඞཁͳॲཧΛ࣮ߦ
͢ΔͨΊʹΞαʔγϣϯΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ IUUQTEPDTPSBDMFDPNKBWBTFKQEPDTUFDIOPUFTHVJEFTMBOHVBHFBTTFSUIUNM ʮΞαʔγϣϯΛ࢖༻ͨ͠ϓϩάϥϛϯάʯΑΓ ɹඞਢͷҾ਺νΣοΫ΍όϦσʔγϣϯʹ࢖Θͳ͍ +BWB

IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM ୈ෦·ͱΊlGBJMGBTUz ো֐Λ๊͑ͯ த్൒୺ʹಈ͍͍ͯΔϓϩάϥϜΑΓ΋ ࢮΜͩϓϩάϥϜͷ΄͏͕ μϝʔδ͸গͳ͍

ςʔϒϧ໊΍ΧϥϜ໊͕୭͔ʹมߋ͞Εͨ #VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛ ్தͰσʔλϕʔε઀ଓΤϥʔ ΋͠΋1%0͕ྫ֎ϞʔυͰͳ͔ͬͨΒ ɹݱࡏͷ৺഑ࣄϦετ ✔ ✔

ͩΕͷ੹຿͔ ϋοΩϦͤ͞Δ ܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭ

ܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭ

wܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭͱ͸ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞ Ϟδϡʔϧͷݖརͱ੹೚ΛจॻԽʢͦ ͯ͠ঝ୚ʣ͠ɺϓϩάϥϜͷਖ਼͠͞ Λอূ͢ΔͨΊͷ؆͔ܿͭύϫϑϧ ͳٕ๏Ͱ͢ wͰ͸ɺਖ਼͍͠ϓϩάϥϜͱ͸ҰମԿ Ͱ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ͜Ε͸ɺཁٻ͞Εͨ͜ ͱҎ্ͷ͜ͱ΋ɺͦΕҎԼͷ͜ͱ΋ ߦΘͳ͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͢ ώϯτܖ໿Λ༻͍ͯઃܭΛߦ͏͜ͱ

\1^"\2^ ਖ਼͠͞ͷެࣜ )PBSF5SJQMF ࣄલ৚݅1͕੒Γཱͭͱ͖ʹɺϓϩάϥϜ"Λ࣮ߦ͢ Δͱͦͷ࣮ߦޙʹ͸ඞͣࣄޙ৚݅2͕੒ΓཱͭͳΒ ͹ɺϓϩάϥϜ"͸ɺࣄલ৚݅1ͱࣄޙ৚݅2ͱʹ ؔͯ͠෦෼తʹਖ਼౰ʢQBSUJBMMZDPSSFDUʣͰ͋Δ

w΋ͦͪ͠Β͕ࣄલ৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠ঢ় ଶͰࢲΛݺͿͱ໿ଋͯ͠Լ͞ΔͳΒ ͹ɺ͓ฦ͠ʹࣄޙ৚݅Λຬͨ͢ঢ়ଶ Λ࠷ऴతʹ࣮ݱ͢Δ͜ͱΛ͓໿ଋ͠ ·͢ ܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭ %FTJHOCZ$POUSBDU %C$

੒ޭࣦഊόάྫ֎ IUUQRJJUBDPN,PLVEPSJJUFNTBDGBC

Throwable ├── Error │ ├── ArithmeticError │ │ └── DivisionByZeroError
│ ├── AssertionError │ ├── ParseError │ └── TypeError └── Exception ├── ErrorException ├── LogicException │ ├── BadFunctionCallException │ │ └── BadMethodCallException │ ├── DomainException │ ├── InvalidArgumentException │ ├── LengthException │ └── OutOfRangeException └── RuntimeException ├── OutOfBoundsException ├── OverflowException ├── PDOException ├── RangeException ├── UnderflowException └── UnexpectedValueException 1 ) 1 3VOUJNF&YDFQUJPOܥ ྫ֎ -PHJD&YDFQUJPOܥόά &SSPSܥόά

w࣮ߦ࣌ͷද໌ҧ൓ ΍ɺόάΛࣔͨ͢Ί ͷྫ֎ ͸ɺͦͷιϑτ΢ΣΞʹόά͕ ͋ΔূڌͰ͋Δ wࣄલ৚݅ҧ൓͸ݺͼग़͠ଆʹόά͕ ͋ΔূڌͰ͋Δ wࣄޙ৚݅ҧ൓͸ڙڅऀଆʹόά͕͋ ΔূڌͰ͋Δ ܖ໿ʹΑΔઃܭ
%FTJHOCZ$POUSBDU %C$

ɹ#VHΫϥε͕ະఆٛͷঢ়گʹ͸Ͳ͏උ͑Δ $ php example.php PHP Fatal error: Class 'Bug' not
found in /path/to/example.php on line 85 ౴͑ͳʹ΋͠ͳ͍ɻ ͜Ε͸ྫ֎తঢ়گͰ͸ͳ͘ʢจࣈ௨ΓʣόάͰ ͋ΓɺϓϩάϥϛϯάϛεͳͷͰɺΤϥʔϋϯ υϦϯάͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ɻͳʹ΋ͤͣɺ଎΍͔ ʹམͱ͢ɻGBJMGBTU͕ॏཁɻ

ίϯετϥΫλͷ ܖ໿

/** * 検索処理に使用する PDO インスタンスを渡し、バグリポジトリを初期化する。 * * @param PDO $pdo
PDO インスタンス。 PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE が PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION に設定されていること * @throws InvalidArgumentException PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE が適切に設定されていない場合 */ public function __construct(PDO $pdo) { if ($pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) !== PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('requires PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION'); } $this->pdo = $pdo; } ɹίϯετϥΫλͷࣄલ৚݅Λදݱ͢Δ

pOE"MMϝιου ͷܖ໿

/** * 指定された担当者 ID およびステータスに合致する Bug を検索し、ヒットした全件を Bug オブジェクトの配列として返す。 *
* @param int $assignedTo 担当者ID * @param Status $status ステータス * @return Bug[] 条件に合致した Bug オブジェクトの配列を返す。検索に合致するものがない場合は空配列を返す * @throws LogicException カラム名違いや文法エラー等SQLのミスが存在する場合 * @throws PDOException データベースとのやりとりに何らかの障害が発生した場合 */ public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status): array { assert($this->pdo->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE) === PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; try { $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } catch (PDOException $e) { if ($this->isGrammaticalError($e->getCode())) { throw new LogicException($e->getMessage(), $e->errorInfo[1], $e); } throw $e; } } ɹpOE"MMϝιουͷࣄޙ৚݅Λදݱ͢Δ

} catch (PDOException $e) { if ($this->isGrammaticalError($e->getCode())) { throw new
LogicException($e->getMessage(), $e->errorInfo[1], $e); } throw $e; } ɹpOE"MMϝιουͷࣄޙ৚݅Λදݱ͢Δ SQLSTATE の値を調査し、 PDOException の内容が例外ではなくあきらかにバグの場合は、バグを示す LogicException で包んで投げ直している。その際に第3引数を忘れずに設定し、スタックトレースをつなぐ

ୈ෦·ͱΊόάͱྫ֎Λ۠ผ͠ɺ ͞Βʹ୭ͷ੹೚͔΋ݟ෼͚ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ IUUQRJJUBDPN,PLVEPSJJUFNTBDGBC

·ͱΊ

InvalidArgumentException('params should not be null'); } if (!is_array($params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be an array'); } if (count($params) !== 2) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should be have exact two items'); } if (!array_key_exists('assignedTo', $params) || !array_key_exists('status', $params)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params should have key àssignedTo` and `status` only'); } if (!is_int($params['assignedTo'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[àssignedTo`] should be an integer'); } if (!is_string($params['status'])) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be a string'); } if (!in_array($params['status'], ['OPEN', 'NEW', 'FIXED'], true)) { throw new InvalidArgumentException('params[`status`] should be in ÒPEN`,`NEW`,`FIXED`'); } global $CONF; if (!isset($CONF['dsn'])) { throw new LogicException('config key `dsn` not found'); } if (!isset($CONF['usr'])) { throw new LogicException('config key ùsr` not found'); } if (!isset($CONF['passwd'])) { throw new LogicException('config key `passwd` not found'); } $pdo = new PDO($CONF['dsn'], $CONF['usr'], $CONF['passwd'], [ PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false ]); $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->execute($params); if (!class_exists('Bug')) { throw new LogicException('class `Bug` does not exist'); } return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } public function __construct(PDO $pdo) { $this->pdo = $pdo; } public function findAll(int $assignedTo, Status $status) { $sql = 'SELECT bug_id, summary, date_reported FROM Bugs WHERE assigned_to = :assignedTo AND status = :status'; $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(':assignedTo', $assignedTo, PDO::PARAM_INT); $stmt->bindValue(':status', $status->value(), PDO::PARAM_STR); $stmt->execute(); return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS, Bug::class); } ୈ෦·ͱΊ༧๷ʹউΔ๷ޚͳ͠

IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM ୈ෦·ͱΊlGBJMGBTUz ো֐Λ๊͑ͯ த్൒୺ʹಈ͍͍ͯΔϓϩάϥϜΑΓ΋ ࢮΜͩϓϩάϥϜͷ΄͏͕ μϝʔδ͸গͳ͍

ୈ෦·ͱΊόάͱྫ֎Λ۠ผ͠ɺ ͞Βʹ୭ͷ੹೚͔΋ݟ෼͚ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ IUUQRJJUBDPN,PLVEPSJJUFNTBDGBC

lݡ໌ͳιϑτ΢ΣΞٕज़ऀʹ ͳΔͨΊͷୈҰา͸ɺಈ͘ϓ ϩάϥϜΛॻ͘͜ͱͱਖ਼͍͠ ϓϩάϥϜΛద੾ʹ࡞੒͢Δ ͜ͱͷҧ͍Λೝࣝ͢Δ͜ͱz ."+BDLTPO ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠

【改訂版】PHP7で堅牢なコードを書く - 例外処理、表明プログラミング、契約による設計 / ...

【改訂版】PHP7で堅牢なコードを書く - 例外処理、表明プログラミング、契約による設計 / PHP Conference 2016 Revised

More Decks by Takuto Wada

Other Decks in Programming

Featured

Transcript