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apidays Singapore 2023 - Changing the culture o...

apidays
January 19, 2024

apidays Singapore 2023 - Changing the culture of building software, Aman Dhamija, Goldman Sachs & Green Software Foundation

apidays Singapore 2023 - Resilience to adaptability through digitisation
April 12 & 13, 2023

Changing the culture of building software
Aman Dhamija, Associate Software Engineer at Goldman Sachs and Member, Green Software Foundation

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January 19, 2024
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  1. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 5 What is Green Software?

    • Carbon efficient Software • Using less physical resources • Using less energy • Using energy more intelligently
  2. © 2021 Green Software Foundation What makes software green? 6

    Energy Efficiency Consume the least amount of electricity possible Hardware Efficiency Use the least amount of embodied carbon possible Carbon Awareness Do more when the electricity is clean and less when it’s dirty
  3. © 2021 Green Software Foundation © 2021 Green Software Foundation

    Carbon efficiency 7 Carbon is emitted when running software, so let’s extract maximum value for every gram of carbon emitted A carbon-efficient application emits the least amount of carbon possible.
  4. © 2021 Green Software Foundation © 2021 Green Software Foundation

    10 Energy proportionality Relationship between electricity consumed and utilization is not linear The more we utilize a computer, the more efficient a computer becomes at converting electricity to computing operations
  5. © 2021 Green Software Foundation How clean or dirty is

    electricity? 12 gCO2e/kWh CO2eq (carbon dioxide equivalent)
  6. © 2021 Green Software Foundation 15 Do more when the

    carbon intensity is low and do less when the carbon intensity is high. Reduces emissions AND helps accelerate the energy transition Demand, Spatial and/or Temporal Shifting Do more when the carbon intensity is low and do less when the carbon intensity is high. Reduces emissions AND helps accelerate the energy transition Carbon Aware Computing
  7. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Everything emitted carbon in

    its creation and in its destruction • This is called the embodied carbon of a device. • Since our goal is to be carbon-efficient, our goal is also to be hardware-efficient since hardware is a proxy for carbon. Hardware is a proxy for carbon 17
  8. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Embodied emissions are significant 18

    For most end user devices the embodied carbon is greater than the lifetime emissions from it’s consumption of electricity.
  9. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Extending lifespan: This is

    most applicable to end user devices like mobiles, tablets. • Increasing utilization: This is most applicable to cloud computing. Two broad categories of hardware efficiency 19
  10. © 2021 Green Software Foundation If your device has 1000

    kg of embodied carbon and the expected lifespan is 2 years. Then that’s 500 kg per year. If you extended the lifespan of your device to 3 years then it would be 333kg per year. Extending the lifespan of hardware 20
  11. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Instead of 5 servers with

    embodied carbon of 1000 kg each running at 20% utilisation, with the total embodied carbon of 5000kg Have one server with embodied carbon of 1000kg running at 100% utilisation. Increasing the utilisation 21
  12. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Recap 22 Energy Efficiency Consume

    the least amount of electricity possible Hardware Efficiency Use the least amount of embodied carbon possible Carbon Awareness Do more when the electricity is clean and less when it’s dirty
  13. © 2021 Green Software Foundation There are a couple of

    ways of measuring software for emissions: • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) protocol • Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification 24 Methods
  14. © 2021 Green Software Foundation What scope do my emissions

    fall into? 25 GHG Scope 2 3 Private Cloud Energy Embodied Public Cloud - Energy + Embodied Hybrid Cloud Some Energy Some Energy + Embodied Front End - Energy + Embodied
  15. © 2021 Green Software Foundation • Do you know everywhere

    your your software is being used? • Do you have the capability to track who is using your software? • Do you have permission to track who is using your software? Is it possible to calculate a total? 26
  16. © 2021 Green Software Foundation Case Study: How UBS measured

    and reduced the carbon emissions of their risk platform 28
  17. © 2021 Green Software Foundation UBS and Microsoft used the

    carbon-aware-sdk to validate the impact of time-shifting on the execution of their Azure Batch workloads from ACQA, their risk platform called Advanced Compute Quantum Analytics. Here is their 4 step process: 1. Measure carbon intensity of a sample workload processed in the past 2. Determine optimal forecasted carbon intensity 3. Measure carbon intensity of the optimized workload 4. Use step 1-3 to identify potential savings over time