on jdk8: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8149554 - Verified with JMH and indeed it’s our case (app does a number of signatures per request) - Fixed with JDK feature flags that enable intrinsics in BigDecimal: -XX:+UseMontgomerySquareIntrinsic -XX:+UseMontgomeryMultiplyIntrinsic • Infrastructure layout issues