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ES6 Deep Dive

ES6 Deep Dive

A deep dive into three features of ECMAScript Edition 6: symbols, structs, and generators.

dherman

August 30, 2012
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  1. Conventions are no guarantee function SuperClass() { this._data = "superclass

    private data"; } function SubClass() { SuperClass.call(this); this._data = "subclass private data"; // collision! } SubClass.prototype = Object.create(SuperClass.prototype);
  2. Closures for information hiding function SuperClass() { var data =

    "private data"; this.method = function() { /* ... */ data /* ... */ }; } no sharing: one method per instance!
  3. Introducing symbols var sym = new Symbol("data"); function SuperClass() {

    this[sym] = "private data"; } SuperClass.prototype.method = function() { /* ... */ this[sym] /* ... */ };
  4. Introducing symbols var obj = new SuperClass(); "data" in obj;

    // false "_data" in obj; // false sym in obj; // true
  5. Proposal: scoped symbols private @sym; function SuperClass() { this.@sym =

    "private data"; } SuperClass.prototype.method = function() { /* ... */ this.@sym /* ... */ };
  6. Typed arrays var vertices = new Float32Array([ -1.0, -1.0, 0.0,

    // vertex 1 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, // vertex 2 1.0, -1.0, 0.0 // vertex 3 ]); -1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 -1.0 0.0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
  7. Structs var Point = struct({ x: float32, y: float32, z:

    float32 }); var origin = new Point(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); origin.x; // 0.0 origin.y; // 0.0
  8. Arrays of structs var vertices = new Point.array([ { x:

    -1.0, y: -1.0, z: 0.0 }, { x: 0.0, y: 1.0, z: 0.0 }, { x: 1.0, y: -1.0, z: 0.0 } ]); -1.0 -1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 -1.0 0.0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32
  9. Applications of structs • WebGL data • File and network

    I/O • Compiling other languages to JS
  10. Lies, lies, lies “JS doesn’t have concurrency.” “JS is single-threaded

    so it can’t have race conditions.” “Event-based programming is easy.”
  11. Download three files load("foo", function(foo) { load("bar", function(bar) { //

    why wait? load("baz", function(baz) { use([foo, bar, baz]); }); }); });
  12. Download three files load("foo", function(foo) { load("bar", function(bar) { //

    why wait? load("baz", function(baz) { use([foo, bar, baz]); }); }); });
  13. Download three files var files = []; ["foo", "bar", "baz"].forEach(function(url,

    i) { load(url, function(file) { files.push(file); // no! if (i === 3) // no! use(files); }); });
  14. Download three files var files = []; ["foo", "bar", "baz"].forEach(function(url,

    i) { load(url, function(file) { files[i] = file; if (files.length === 3) // still no! use(files); }); });
  15. Download three files var files = [], count = 0;

    ["foo", "bar", "baz"].forEach(function(url, i) { load(url, function(file) { files[i] = file; if (++count === 3) use(files); }); });
  16. JavaScript is concurrent Cooperative concurrency: easier, but not easy! Handlers

    run sequentially but start concurrently. Shared state 㱺 race conditions 㱺 pain and suffering
  17. task.js: Beautiful concurrency spawn(function*() { var files = yield join(load("foo"),

    load("bar"), load("baz")); use(files); }); http://taskjs.org
  18. task.js: Beautiful concurrency spawn(function*() { var files = yield join(load("foo"),

    load("bar"), load("baz")); use(files); }); create a task that can be paused pause! http://taskjs.org
  19. Generator functions function* evenNumbers() { for (var next = 0;

    true; next += 2) { yield next; } } evenNumbers(); ✗
  20. Generator functions function* evenNumbers() { for (var next = 0;

    true; next += 2) { yield next; } } evenNumbers(); ✗
  21. Generators function* evenNumbers() { /* ... */ } var g

    = evenNumbers(); g.next(); // 0 g.next(); // 2 g.next(); // 4 starts out paused
  22. Iterators work with for-of var dict = new Dict(); //

    ... for (var key of dict.keys()) { console.log(key + ": " + dict.get(key)); }
  23. Pausing is powerful load("config.json", function(config) { db.lookup(JSON.parse(config).table, username, function(user) {

    load(user.id + ".png", function(avatar) { // ... }); }); }); later later later
  24. Pausing is powerful load("config.json", function(config) { db.lookup(JSON.parse(config).table, username, function(user) {

    load(user.id + ".png", function(avatar) { // ... }); }); }); later later later
  25. Tasks yield promises spawn(function*() { var config = JSON.parse(yield load("config.json"));

    var user = yield db.lookup(config.table, username); var avatar = yield load(user.id + ".png"); // ... });
  26. Tasks yield promises spawn(function*() { var config = JSON.parse(yield load("config.json"));

    var user = yield db.lookup(config.table, username); var avatar = yield load(user.id + ".png"); // ... });
  27. Tasks yield promises spawn(function*() { var config = JSON.parse(yield load("config.json"));

    var user = yield db.lookup(config.table, username); var avatar = yield load(user.id + ".png"); // ... }); looks like a synchronous API!
  28. What about errors? load("foo", function(foo) { load("bar", function(bar) { load("baz",

    function(baz) { use([foo, bar, baz]); }, function(err) { /* ... */ }); }, function(err) { /* ... */ }); }, function(err) { /* ... */ });
  29. What about errors? load("foo", function(err, foo) { if (err) return

    onError(err); load("bar", function(err, bar) { if (err) return onError(err); load("baz", function(err, baz) { if (err) return onError(err); use([foo, bar, baz]); }); }); });
  30. Error handling with promises var p = load("config.json") .then(function(config) {

    /* ... */ } .then(function(user) { /* ... */ }) .then(function(avatar) { /* ... */ }); when(p, function(result) { /* ... */ }, function(err) { /* ... */ });
  31. Error handling with tasks spawn(function*() { try { var config

    = JSON.parse(yield load("config.json")); var user = yield db.lookup(config.table, username); var avatar = yield load(user.id + ".png"); // ... } catch (e) { /* ... */ } });
  32. Wait for multiple events spawn(function*() { var [foo, bar, baz]

    = yield join(load("foo"), load("bar"), load("baz")); // ... });
  33. Purposefully race events spawn(function*() { try { var foo =

    yield select(load("foo"), timeout(3000)); // ... } catch (e) { /* timed out */ } });
  34. • Yosuke Hasegawa: JSF*ck • Patricio Palladino: Hieroglyphy • Me:

    pure JS, no browser API’s Not the first deranged weirdo
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