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VIPER: Sexy Architecting or MVP on Steroids

VIPER: Sexy Architecting or MVP on Steroids

This talk was presented at TechTalks@Lohika - Android, Kyiv, UA
* How to build scalable, flexible and robust system;
* Why MVC/MVP/MVVM is not an architecture;
* What is Clean Architecture;
* Considering VIPER architecture as an adaptation of Bob Martin's CA for mobile projects: main components, principles, pros & cons;
* Explanation of many buzzwords: SRP, Flow of Control, Business Rules, Massive View Controllers etc.

Dmytro Zaitsev

October 22, 2016
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Transcript

  1. Real-world Android app • Hard to understand • Hard to

    maintain • The business logic is mixed in Activity/Fragment • High coupled components • MVC -> Massive View Controllers • Hard and often impossible to test
  2. Clean Architecture • Independent of Frameworks • Testable • Independent

    of Database • Independent of any external agency • Independent of UI
  3. What is VIPER? • A way of architecting applications which

    takes heavy inspiration from the Clean Architecture • Divides an app’s logical structure into distinct layers of responsibility • Makes it easier to isolate dependencies • Makes it easier test the interactions at the boundaries between layers • Eliminates Massive View Controllers
  4. View Displays what it is told to by the Presenter

    and relays user input back to the Presenter
  5. View • Is passive • Waits for the Presenter to

    give it content to display • Never asks the Presenter for data • Determines how the content is displayed • Handles user interaction and input • Simply delegates user’s actions to the Presenter • Awaits for a response telling it what should be displayed next
  6. Presenter Contains view logic for preparing content for display (as

    received from the Interactor) and for reacting to user inputs (by requesting new data from the Interactor)
  7. Presenter • Knows about the content it maintains and when

    it should be displayed • Receives input events coming from the View • Applies view logic over this data to prepare the content • Tells the View what to display • Sends requests to an Interactor • Works like a bridge between the main parts of a VIPER module • Receives the data structures coming from the Interactor • Knows when to navigate to another screen, and which screen to navigate to
  8. Interactor • Represents use cases • Regular Java object •

    No Android framework dependency • Encapsulates application specific business rules
  9. Entity • POJOs • Encapsulates different types of data •

    Model objects manipulated by an Interactor
  10. Router • Responsible for passing data between screens • Receives

    input commands from the Presenter • Responsible for the navigation logic between modules
  11. Why should you use VIPER? • It’s easier to track

    issues via crash reports • The source code will be cleaner, more compact and reusable • Adding new features is easier • There are less conflicts with the rest of the development team • It’s easier to write automated tests
  12. When should you NOT use VIPER? • It’s an overkill

    for small projects • Causes an overhead when starting new projects • MVP/MVC/MVVM-VIPER mix can cause headaches • Lots of code all over the project
  13. Testing • Presentation layer ◦ Espresso, Robolectric • Domain layer

    ◦ JUnit, TestNG, Mockito, PowerMock • Data layer ◦ Robolectric, JUnit, TestNG, Mockito, PowerMock
  14. References • http://mutualmobile.github.io/blog/2013/12/04/viper-introduction/ • http://www.mttnow.com/blog/architecting-mobile-apps-with-bviper-modules • http://fernandocejas.com/2014/09/03/architecting-android-the-clean-way/ • http://fernandocejas.com/2015/07/18/architecting-android-the-evolution/ •

    https://www.objc.io/issues/13-architecture/viper/ • https://github.com/RxViper/RxViper • https://www.ckl.io/blog/ios-project-architecture-using-viper/ • http://luboganev.github.io/post/clean-architecture-pt2/