Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
マルチテナント・ウェブアプリケーションの実践
Search
FUJI Goro
December 09, 2017
Technology
14
9.6k
マルチテナント・ウェブアプリケーションの実践
Kibelaのマルチテンシーを解説します。 #railsdm 2017 の資料です。
FUJI Goro
December 09, 2017
Tweet
Share
More Decks by FUJI Goro
See All by FUJI Goro
How to Boost Your Code with WebAssembly
gfx
2
2.9k
AssemblyScriptでライブラリコードの高速化をしてみる
gfx
5
3.1k
実践TypeScriptトークバトル
gfx
1
1.2k
歴史的経緯の説明 as code
gfx
7
2.8k
Elasticsearchによる 全文検索の実装 in Rails
gfx
6
9.5k
すばらしきGraphQLのSEKAIへようこそ
gfx
20
9.4k
How to choose the ORM on Android
gfx
1
4.3k
How Do We Get Along With Static Types
gfx
5
3.4k
"OSSにコントリビュート" なんてしてる場合じゃない!
gfx
21
15k
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
事業成長の裏側:エンジニア組織と開発生産性の進化 / 20250703 Rinto Ikenoue
shift_evolve
PRO
1
450
無意味な開発生産性の議論から抜け出すための予兆検知とお金とAI
i35_267
0
1.1k
「Chatwork」の認証基盤の移行とログ活用によるプロダクト改善
kubell_hr
1
240
ハッカソン by 生成AIハッカソンvol.05
1ftseabass
PRO
0
140
5min GuardDuty Extended Threat Detection EKS
takakuni
0
180
OpenHands🤲にContributeしてみた
kotauchisunsun
1
500
KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Japan 2025 Recap Opening & Choose Your Own Adventureシリーズまとめ
mmmatsuda
0
230
強化されたAmazon Location Serviceによる新機能と開発者体験
dayjournal
3
260
Tokyo_reInforce_2025_recap_iam_access_analyzer
hiashisan
0
140
Node-RED × MCP 勉強会 vol.1
1ftseabass
PRO
0
180
Should Our Project Join the CNCF? (Japanese Recap)
whywaita
PRO
0
290
PHP開発者のためのSOLID原則再入門 #phpcon / PHP Conference Japan 2025
shogogg
4
940
Featured
See All Featured
Reflections from 52 weeks, 52 projects
jeffersonlam
351
20k
Practical Orchestrator
shlominoach
188
11k
Navigating Team Friction
lara
187
15k
Designing for humans not robots
tammielis
253
25k
[RailsConf 2023] Rails as a piece of cake
palkan
55
5.6k
Exploring the Power of Turbo Streams & Action Cable | RailsConf2023
kevinliebholz
34
5.9k
Balancing Empowerment & Direction
lara
1
390
Dealing with People You Can't Stand - Big Design 2015
cassininazir
367
26k
Put a Button on it: Removing Barriers to Going Fast.
kastner
60
3.9k
GraphQLとの向き合い方2022年版
quramy
49
14k
The Web Performance Landscape in 2024 [PerfNow 2024]
tammyeverts
8
680
Building Flexible Design Systems
yeseniaperezcruz
328
39k
Transcript
ϚϧνςφϯτɾΣϒΞϓ Ϧέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ફ #railsdm 2017/12/08 by @__gfx__ (FUJI Goro)
ࣗݾհ • ౻ ޗ (@__gfx__) • Bit JourneyͰKibelaͱ͍͏ใڞ༗πʔϧΛ։ൃத • TypeScript,
GraphQL, React Native͋ͨΓʹڵຯ͋ Γ • ࠓճ͢ͷKibelaͷཪଆʹ͍ͭͯ
͜͜ͰҰݴ: GraphQL͍͍ͧ • RESTful API ͷସͱͯ͠࡞ΒΕͨRPC༷ • RESTfulϥΠΫͳϦιʔεࢦͱRPCͷܕ҆શੑͷ͍͍ͱ͜ͲΓ • υΩϡϝϯτγεςϜแ͍ͯͯ͠API
console͕࠷ߴͷ্͕Γ • KibelaͷWeb APIGraphQLΛ࠾༻ • ෦APIঃʑʹஔ͖͑த • ެ։APIGraphQLʹ͢Δ༧ఆ
Kibela
Kibelaʹ͍ͭͯ
αʔϏεͱͯ͠ͷKibela • BtoBͷSaaS: Software as a Service • BlogʢʹݸਓͷΞΠσΞʣͱWikiʢʹ৫ͷͨΊͷใʣͱ͍ ͏̎ͭͷੑ࣭ͷυΩϡϝϯτΛॻ͚Δͷ͕ಛͷใ
ڞ༗πʔϧ • GitHubޓͷMarkdown (≒CommonMark)Ͱॻ͚Δ • ڝ߹: Confluence, Google Docs
ϚϧνςφϯτɾΣϒΞϓϦ • ࠓճͷςʔϚʮϚϧνςφϯτɾΣϒΞϓϦ (MTWA)ʯɺSaaSʹ͓͍ͯ1ͭͷγεςϜͰ෮ͷ৫ ʢ㲈اۀɾஂମʣͷνʔϜΛಉډͤ͞ΔΣϒΞϓϦέʔ γϣϯ • ͜ͷτʔΫʹ͓͍ͯʮMTWAͰ͋Δ͜ͱʯΛ୯ʹʮϚ ϧνςφϯγʔʯͱ͍͏ •
KibelaςφϯτΛʮνʔϜʯͱݺͼ৫୯Ґͱ͍ͯ͠Δ
BtoBͷΣϒαʔϏε㲈MTWA • ͜ͷτʔΫͰMTWAͱ͍͏ͱ͖ “BtoBͷΣϒ αʔϏε” ͱ΄΅Ձ • اۀͳͲͷஂମͷ୯ҐͰ͋Δςφϯτʹ෮ͷ ϢʔβʔΞΧϯτ͕ॴଐ͢Δܥͯ͢MTWA •
গͷαʔόʔΠϯελϯεͰଟͷސ٬ʹαʔ ϏεΛఏڙͰ͖ΔͨΊίεύ͕Α͍
Ϛϧνςφϯγʔͷڞ༗Ϩϕϧ • Ҿ༻: Web ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛϚϧνςφϯτܕ SaaS ιϦϡʔγϣϯʹม͢Δ - IBM https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/jp/cloud/library/cl-multitenantsaas/
1. ϋʔυΣΞͱϏδωεϩδοΫͷΈͷڞ༗ 2. (1)ʹՃ͑ͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϓϩηεͷڞ༗ 3. (2)ʹՃ͑ͯσʔλϕʔεͷڞ༗
MTWAͷઃܭͱ࣮
Ϛϧνςφϯγʔͷઃܭ • ΞΧϯτͷڞ༗Ϩϕϧͷઃܭ • URLͷ໊લۭؒͷઃܭ • ετϨʔδͷ໊લۭؒͷઃܭ • ໊લۭؒΛอূ͢ΔͨΊͷΈͷઃܭ
Kibela (3) DBͷڞ༗ • ڞ༗Ͱ͖ΔϦιʔεͯ͢ڞ༗ • ʮ࠷ޮతͳਅͷϚϧνςφϯγʔʯ • by IBM
• ͨͩ͠Kibelaͷ߹ɺPostgreSQLͷschemaʹ ΑͬͯRDBMSͷ໊લۭ͍ؒͯ͠Δʢޙड़ʣ
MTWAͷΞΧϯτϞσϧ • Ϛϧνςφϯγʔʹ͓͍ͯΞΧϯτϞσϧ2छྨ͋Δ • αʔϏεશମͰΞΧϯτΛڞ༗͢Δ • ྫ: GitHub, npmjs.org •
ςφϯτ͝ͱʹΞΧϯτΛ࡞͢Δ • ྫ: Slack, G Suite, Kibela
GitHubܕ - ΞΧϯτάϩʔόϧ • GitHubܕʮਓʯʹϑΥʔΧεͨ͠ΞΧϯτϞσϧ • ݸਓΞΧϯτͱࣄΞΧϯτͷ۠ผ͕ᐆດʹͳΓ͕ͪ • GitHubͷ߹ɺࣄͷ࣮Λݸਓͷ࣮ʹඥ͚͍͢ϝ Ϧοτ͋Δ
• ϋϯυϧωʔϜ͔͠ެ։ͯ͠ͳ͍ΞΧϯτ͕୭͔ͩΘ͔Βͳ ͘ͳΓ͕ͪ • ཧா…
Slackܕ - ςφϯτ͝ͱʹΞΧϯτΛ࡞ • Ϛϧνςφϯγʔͱͯͪ͜͠Β͕ඪ४త • ΞΧϯτཧ͕ϢʔβʔʹҕͶΒΕͯࡶʹͳΓ͕ͪ • ྫ: ͍·ௐͨΒ1passwordͷதʹslack
account͕20 ݸҎ্͋ͬͨ • G Suite SSOͳͲͰҰݩཧ͢Εݸਓ͕ΞΧϯτ ཧ͢Δඞཁͳ͘ͳΔ
Kibelaͷܾఆ: Slackܕ • GitHubܕͷʮ୭͔ͩΘ͔Βͳ͍ʯ͕հ͗͢Δ • ͲͷςφϯτͰಉ໊͡લʢ㲈ຊ໊ʣ͕ڧཁ͞ΕΔ ͷ·͘͠ͳ͍ͱߟ͑ͨ • झຯ༻ͱࣄ༻Ͱ໊લΛม͍͑ͨ͜ͱ͋Δ •
SlackܕϢʔβʔʹ෮ͷΞΧϯτཧΛڧ͍Δ ͜ͱʹͳΔ͕ɺͦ͜SSOͰ͋ΔఔղܾͰ͖Δ
URLͷ໊લۭؒ: domain vs path • URLͷ໊લۭؒ: subdomainϨϕϧͰ • $team.kibe.la ͱ͍͏υϝΠϯʹνʔϜ໊ΛؚΉܗ
• ηογϣϯCookieνʔϜ͝ͱʹಠཱ͠ɺڞ༗͠ͳ͍ • ϩʔΧϧͰͷ։ൃϧʔϓόοΫυϝΠϯΛར༻ • $team.lvh.me:3000 ͳͲ
ετϨʔδͷ໊લۭؒ • RDBMSKVSͰςφϯτ͝ͱͷσʔλʹ໊ લۭؒΛ͚ͭͯଞͷςφϯτͷσʔλͱࠞ͡ Βͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ • PostgreSQL, memcached, Redis, Elasticseach,
S3, CloudFront, temporary files ͳͲετϨʔδʹؔΘΔͯ͢ͷ໘Ͱ໊લ ۭؒʹΑΔ͕ඞཁ
RDBMSͷ໊લۭؒ • PostgreSQL database - schema - table ͱ͍͏ ֊ߏ
• ҟͳΔschemaಉ໊͡લͷtableΛ࣋ͯΔ • schemaͷ୳ࡧڥมPATHͷΑ͏ʹߦΘΕΔ • ࢀߟ: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/ddl-schemas.html
PostgreSQLͷschemaͷઃఆ • apartment gemΛར༻ • RackϛυϧΣΞͱͯ͠ಈ͖ɺαϒυϝΠϯΛPg schemaͱΈͳ ͯ͠ `SET search_path
TO $subdomain,public` ͢Δ • subdomain = schema nameͱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺDBଓͳ͠ʹ search_pathͷઃఆ͕Ͱ͖Δ • ͦͷ͔ΘΓsubdomain (≒team name) ͷϦωʔϜ࣌ʹschema nameม͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
Schema͕૿͖͑ͯͯ • team͕૿͑Δͱmigrationʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔΑ͏ʹ ͳ͖ͬͯͨ • σʔλྔతʹશવେͨ͜͠ͱͳ͍͕ͣͩ… • ·ͩಛʹରॲ͢Δ΄ͲͰͳ͍ͷͰ์ஔ • ͍ͣΕDBΠϯελϯεͷׂ͕ඞཁ͔
͜͜·Ͱ͍͍Μͩ ͜͜·Ͱ…
KVS, S3, શจݕࡧΤϯδϯ, etc. • DBͷ໊લۭؒঢ়ଶͱಉظ͠ͳ͍ • search_pathPgͷίωΫγϣϯ͝ͱͷઃఆ ͷͨΊ •
ϛυϧΣΞʹΑͬͯඞ໊ͣ͠લۭؒΛ αϙʔτ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍
ૉͳൃ # models/team.rb def self.switch!(name) Apartment::Tenant.switch!(name) MemcachedNamespace.switch!(name) RedisNamespace.switch!(name) AwsS3Namespace.switch!(name) ElasticsearchNamespace.switch!(name)
end
ݱࡏͷKibela • apartment gem͕ A::T.switch! ͚͔ͩ͠ݟͳ ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͯϛεΛ༠ൃ͕ͪͩͬͨ͠ • ϚϧνεϨουԽͰόάΛ༠ൃ͕ͪ͠ #
models/team.rb def self.switch!(name) Apartment::Tenant.switch!(name) end
Memcached for Rails Cache • namespaceϦΫΤετ͝ͱʹҟͳΔͷͰɺProcͱ ໊ͯ͠લۭؒߏஙϧʔνϯΛ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ • Rails.cacheͷૢ࡞ͷͨͼʹຖճnamespace callback
͕ݺΕͯจࣈྻߏங͕Δ # config/environments/production.rb config.cache_store = :dalli_store, elasticache, { namespace: -> { “k-#{Team.current_subdomain}” }, }
Redis by redis-namespace • Redis.current = Redis::Namespace.new(…) ͕switchͩͬͨ • ͔͠͠redis.rbΛΈΔͱRedis.current͕Ϋϥεมͩʂʂʂ
• JobQueue͕sidekiqͳͷͰεϨουηʔϑͰͳ͍ͱ͍͚ ͳ͍ • ϞϯΩʔύονΛ͋ͯͯRedis.currentΛ࠶ఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱʹ ͨ͠
monekey_patches/redis.rb class Redis INSTANCE = Redis.new # @return [Redis] def
self.current RequestStore.fetch(”Redis.current/#{Team.current_subdomain}”) do if Team.current.present? Namespace.new(Team.current_subdomain, redis: INSTANCE) else INSTANCE end end def self.current=(_redis) raise "Don't use Redis.current=" end end
Elasticsearch • શจݕࡧΤϯδϯ • KibelaͰϚωʔδυαʔϏεΛར༻ • e.g. Amazon Elasticserach Service
• ༻ޠ: index = DBͷtable, document = row
Elasticsearch namespacing v1 • ॳindexΛteam͝ͱʹ࡞͍ͬͯͨ • e.g “kibela-#{Rails.env}-#{team_id}-blog” • team͕૿͑ΔʹͭΕindexͷ࠶ߏங
ʢ㲈migrationʣʹ࣌ؒʢۙͩͱ9࣌ؒʣ͔͔ΔΑ ͏ʹ…
Elasticsearch namespacing v2 • Railsͷ̼odel͝ͱʹͨͩ1ͭͷindexΛ࡞ • documentͷteam_idͰϑΟϧλϦϯά͢Δ filtered aliasΛ࡞ͬͯࢀর͢ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠ •
index࠶ߏஙരʢ2࣌ؒʣͰऴΘΔΑ͏ʹ • ͔͠͠ϦΫΤετܹʹॏ͘ͳͬͨͷͰௐࠪத
ͦͷଞS3ͳͲ • ॳ subdomain (team name) Ͱ໊લۭؒΛ ࡞͍ͬͯͨ • renameʹରԠ͢ΔͨΊ్தͰ
team id Ͱ໊લ ۭؒΛ࡞ΔΑ͏ʹมߋ
Analytics • schema͕େྔʹ͋ΔDBʹੳΫΤϦଧͯͳ ͍ • team_id Λ༩ͨ͠ੳDBΛόονͰ࡞͢ Δ͜ͱʹͨ͠
Testing • rspecͷbefore/afterͰςφϯτͷsetup/teardownΛ͍ͯͨ͠ Βܹʹॏ͔ͬͨʢ͋ͨΓ·͑ʣ • before(:suite) / after(:suite) Ͱςφϯτͷ४උΛ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ •
namepsacingͷςετͳ͔ͳ͔͍͠ • ଞͷςφϯτΛ࡞ͬͯΞΫηεՄೳੑΛςετͨ͠Γ͢Δ • Ϛϧνςφϯγʔ x ϚϧνεϨουఘΊ…
ࠓޙͷల։ • ςφϯτΛ·͙ͨΞΧϯτใඞཁͬΆ͍ • ͝ͱʹॴଐνʔϜͯ͢ʹϩάΠϯ͢Δ ͷ͕ඇৗʹ໘ͳͨΊ • ϚϧνεϨου x Ϛϧνςφϯτͷςετ
• ·ͨϚϧνεϨουΛશʹఘΊΔҰख
·ͱΊ • Ϛϧνςφϯγʔ༷ΛܾΊΔͷ͕େม • URLɾΞΧϯτɾετϨʔδͳͲߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ • ಛʹετϨʔδͷ໊લۭ͕ؒͰָ͍͠ʢͭΒ͍ʣ • Ϛϧνςφϯγʔʹڵຯ͋Ε @__gfx__
ʹDM͍ͩ͘͞ • We are hiring!