Containerizing PHP Applications (PHP World 2016)

Docker is hot right now and if you’re ready to get started, you’ve come to the right place. In this tutorial, we’ll go over basic Docker concepts like Dockerfiles, containers and images. We’ll look at some sample applications including WordPress, Drupal as well as some framework-based examples. We will talk about strategies for building Docker images for these scenarios, and we’ll also cover how to handle external dependencies such as storage, databases, caches in both development and production.

Transcript

1. Containerizing PHP Applications Josh Butts PHP World 2016
2. About Me • VP of Engineering
 at Offers.com • Austin PHP Organizer • github.com/jimbojsb • @jimbojsb 2
4. About Offers.com • We help people save money • Launched in 2009 • 200k lines of PHP across several apps • Billions of requests / month • Runs entirely in Docker 4
5. Agenda In No Particular Order • What is Docker • Docker Terminology • Running Docker in Dev vs Prod • Docker CLI tools • Anatomy of a Dockerfile • Building a Dockerfile for PHP apps • Wordpress Example • Laravel Example • Docker orchestration • Docker Compose • Registries & Sharing Containers
6. SURVEY Quick 6
7. CAVEATS A Few 7
8. DOCKER? What is 8
9. BUILDING, RUNNING AND DISTRIBUTING APPLICATION CONTAINERS Docker is a tool for 9
10. What is Docker? • Docker allows you to package applications with infrastructure • Docker uses Linux kernel container technology • Docker is well suited for distributed and highly available applications 10
11. High Level Overview 11
12. Who Cares? • Docker allows engineers to choose exactly the stack for any app • Containers run anywhere that runs Docker • Ops focuses on infrastructure instead of stacks 12
13. Docker Dictionary - Container • Container • A running instance of your app and it’s complete software stack • You might have many identical containers running • Often runs just one process 13
14. Docker Dictionary - Image • An image is the compiled distributable version of your app and it’s stack • Images are built from Dockerfiles • You can start many containers from the same image 14
15. Docker Dictionary - Layer • Docker uses a layering system to optimize storage • Each line in your Dockerfile is a layer • Many layers make up an image • Images share common layers where possible 15
16. Docker Dictionary - Dockerfile • The Dockerfile is a text file that lives in your project root • Describes how to build your image • Installs software packages, configures runtimes, etc • Tells Docker what command to run and what ports to open 16
17. Docker Dictionary - Registry • A server that stores images • Provides organization and authentication as needed • Facilitates sharing of pre-built images • Example: DockerHub, Amazon ECR 17
18. The Docker Binary • Both the CLI client and the server • Written in Go • Speaks REST-ish over Unix socket or TCP/SSL • CLI and server can be on different hosts 18
19. Building Images 19 Dockerfile Image Container Registry Image Image Build Push/Pull Run
20. How Containers Run • Docker daemon runs as root and starts containers • Containers are basically stateless • Can expose local storage if you need to • Can’t see each other’s files • State is gone on exit 20
21. Outsource your Persistence • Cloud (AWS) example: • RDS for database storage • Sessions in Memcached or Redis • File storage in S3 • This may require changes to your app! 21
22. Docker vs Virtualization • Docker is lightweight • No overhead of a guest OS • Docker can be controlled / contained by systemd and cgroups 22
23. DOCKER What does it mean to run 23
24. Running the Docker Daemon • Unless you’re running Linux, you need a VM (i.e. dev environment) • For MacOS / Windows, Docker provides a VM tool • docker -d 24
25. A Word on the Control OS • Any modern Linux should be able to run Docker • I personally don’t recommend Ubuntu • CoreOS is a small Linux distro that is designed to run Docker in production 25
26. Typical Non-Linux Setup 26 MacOS Projects / Source Code VM Linux Docker Daemon Containers Containers Containers Containers Docker CLI
27. HELLO WORLD EXAMPLE Lets try a 27
28. Naming Images • hello-world • hello-world:latest • _/hello-world • dockerhub.com/_/hello-world 28
29. Naming Containers • Containers get a name • It’s different from the name of the image • It’s dumb by default • use --name 29
30. Dockerfiles • FROM - specify your base image • RUN - run commands in the context • ADD - put your files in • EXPOSE - listen on ports • ENV - set environment vars • VOLUME - persistent storage 30
31. DOCKERFILE Lets actually write a 31
32. Building Images from Dockerfiles • docker build . • use -t to give it a repo / tag • docker images to see what’s available on your system • docker rmi to delete images 32
33. Running Containers • docker run --name [image] • At runtime you can • add volumes • specify port mappings • change the CMD 33
34. PHP APPLICATIONS Building Dockerfiles for 34
35. My Container Philosophy • ONE Dockerfile for your app • Use that docker file for dev and prod • Default to prod, configure for dev 35
36. Docker Compose • Docker Compose lets you orchestrate containers • Doesn’t do anything that Docker itself can’t do • YAML config file • Speaks the Docker Remote API 36
37. WORDPRESS Lets build a Dockerfile for 37
38. LARAVEL Lets build a Dockerfile for 38
39. Github Links • http://github.com/jimbojsb/wp-docker- demo • http://github.com/jimbojsb/phpcli- docker-demo • http://github.com/jimbojsb/phpweb- docker-demo • http://github.com/jimbojsb/laravel- docker-demo 39
40. JOIND.IN/TALK/9D3FC I’d love your feedback: 40
41. 2016 2016